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ML Assigment 3

The document provides an overview of four machine learning algorithms: Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine (SVM), detailing their workings, strengths, and limitations. It also outlines application scenarios for each algorithm, recommending SVM for high-dimensional data, Decision Trees for imbalanced datasets, Logistic Regression for small datasets with many features, SVM with non-linear kernels for non-linear data separation, and KNN for datasets with noise. Each recommendation is supported by explanations of why the respective algorithm is suitable for the given scenario.

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Fahad King
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31 views4 pages

ML Assigment 3

The document provides an overview of four machine learning algorithms: Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine (SVM), detailing their workings, strengths, and limitations. It also outlines application scenarios for each algorithm, recommending SVM for high-dimensional data, Decision Trees for imbalanced datasets, Logistic Regression for small datasets with many features, SVM with non-linear kernels for non-linear data separation, and KNN for datasets with noise. Each recommendation is supported by explanations of why the respective algorithm is suitable for the given scenario.

Uploaded by

Fahad King
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Part 1: Algorithm Overview

1. Logistic Regression
How it works: Logistic regression predicts the probability of a binary outcome by fitting data
to a logistic function (sigmoid curve). It estimates the relationship between independent
variables and a binary dependent variable.

Key strengths:
1. Simple to implement and interpret.
2. Effective for binary classification problems.

Limitations:
1. Assumes linearity between independent variables and the log-odds.
2. Can struggle with complex, non-linear relationships.

2. K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)


How it works: KNN is a non-parametric, instance-based learning algorithm. It classifies data
points based on the majority vote of their K-nearest neighbors in the feature space.

Key strengths:
1. Simple and intuitive.
2. No training phase, making it fast for small datasets.

Limitations:
1. Computationally expensive for large datasets.
2. Sensitive to irrelevant or redundant features.

3. Decision Tree
How it works: Decision trees use a tree-like model of decisions and their possible
consequences. It splits the dataset into subsets based on the value of input features, making
a decision at each node.

Key strengths:
1. Easy to understand and visualize.
2. Can handle both numerical and categorical data.
Limitations:
1. Prone to overfitting.
2. Can be unstable with small variations in data.

4. Support Vector Machine (SVM)


How it works: SVM finds the optimal hyperplane that separates data points of different
classes in a high-dimensional space. It maximizes the margin between the closest points of
the classes (support vectors).

Key strengths:
1. Effective in high-dimensional spaces.
2. Robust to overfitting, especially with the proper kernel choice.

Limitations:
1. Computationally intensive, especially with large datasets.
2. Less effective with overlapping classes or non-linear problems without an appropriate
kernel.
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Part 2: Application Scenarios

1. High-Dimensional Data (e.g., text or gene expression data)


Recommended Algorithm: Support Vector Machine (SVM)
Explanation: SVM is highly effective in high-dimensional spaces due to its ability to find the
optimal hyperplane that separates classes. Its use of the kernel trick allows it to handle
datasets with a large number of features efficiently. By transforming the data into a higher-
dimensional space, SVM can create more accurate decision boundaries, making it ideal for
text and gene expression data where the feature set is extensive.

2. Imbalanced Dataset (e.g., fraud detection, rare disease prediction)


Recommended Algorithm: Decision Tree
Explanation: Decision trees are robust in handling imbalanced datasets because they focus
on the most informative features during the splitting process. This characteristic helps them
highlight rare events effectively. Moreover, decision trees can be easily tuned to adjust for
class imbalance by using techniques like class weighting or resampling, ensuring that
minority classes are adequately represented in the model's predictions.

3. Small Dataset with Many Features (e.g., medical or genetic data)


Recommended Algorithm: Logistic Regression
Explanation: Logistic regression works well with small datasets, providing interpretable and
statistically significant results even when the number of features is high. Its regularization
techniques (e.g., L1 and L2) help manage overfitting, making it suitable for scenarios where
understanding the relationship between features and the outcome is crucial. This
interpretability is especially valuable in medical or genetic studies where insights into
feature importance are essential.

4. Non-linear Data Separation (e.g., complex shapes like spirals or circles)


Recommended Algorithm: Support Vector Machine (SVM) with a non-linear kernel (e.g.,
RBF kernel)
Explanation: SVM with non-linear kernels, such as the Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel, is
adept at handling complex, non-linear data distributions. The kernel trick allows SVM to
transform the input space into a higher-dimensional space where a linear hyperplane can
separate the data. This capability makes SVM with non-linear kernels ideal for datasets with
intricate patterns, such as spirals or circles.

5. Dataset with Noise (e.g., data with many irrelevant or misleading features)
Recommended Algorithm : K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
Explanation: KNN is naturally robust to noise because it bases classification on the majority
vote of neighboring points. By considering multiple neighbors, KNN reduces the impact of
individual noisy instances on the overall classification. While it may not be the most
computationally efficient for large datasets, its simplicity and resilience to noisy data make it
a strong candidate for scenarios where irrelevant or misleading features are present.

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