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EXP2

The document outlines the characteristics and operation of synchro transmitters and receivers, which are electromagnetic transducers that convert angular positions into electrical signals. It details the construction, functioning, and voltage relationships of the synchro system, along with procedures for experimentation and observation. Additionally, it includes precautions, observation tables, and potential viva questions related to the study of synchros.

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rowthu padma
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7 views6 pages

EXP2

The document outlines the characteristics and operation of synchro transmitters and receivers, which are electromagnetic transducers that convert angular positions into electrical signals. It details the construction, functioning, and voltage relationships of the synchro system, along with procedures for experimentation and observation. Additionally, it includes precautions, observation tables, and potential viva questions related to the study of synchros.

Uploaded by

rowthu padma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SYNCHROS
AIM: To study the characteristics of synchro transmitter and receiver pair

APPARATUS:
1. Patch cards
2. Multimeter
3. Synchro pair kit

Fig –2. 1.Front panel view of synchro


THEORY:
A Synchro is an electromagnetic transducer commonly used to converter an angular position
of a shaft into an electric signal. The basic synchro is usually called a synchro transmitter. Its
construction is similar to that of a three phase alternator. The stator (stationary member) is of
laminated silicon steel and is slotted to accommodate a balanced three phase winding which is
usually of concentric coil type (three identical coils are placed in the stator with their axis 120
degree apart) and is star connected. The rotor is a dumb bell construction and wound with a
concentric coil. AC voltage is applied to the rotor winding through slip rings.
Let an a.c. voltage Vr (t) = Vr sin (ωct) be supplied to the rotor of the synchro transmitter. This
voltage causes a flow of magnetizing current in the rotor coil which produces a sinusoidally
time varying flux directed along its axis and distributed nearly sinusoidally in the air gap along
stator periphery. Because of transformer action, voltages are induced in each of the stator coils.
As the air gap flux is sinusoidally distributed, the flux linking any stator coil is proportional to
the cosine of the angle between rotor and stator coil axis and so is the voltage induced in each
stator coil.
The stator coil voltages are of course in time phase with each other. Thus we see that the
synchro transmitter acts like single phase transformer on which rotor coil is the primary andthe
stator coil form three secondaries.
Let Vs1 N, Vs2 N and Vs3 N respectively be the voltages induced in the stator coils S1, S2
and S3 with respect to the neutral. Then for the rotor position of the synchro transmitter
showed in figure, where the rotor axis makes an angle 0 with the axis of the stator coil S2.

Let
Vs1N = KVr sin (ωct )cos (θ+120)
Vs2N = KVr sin( ωct) cos (θ)
Vs3N = KVr sin (ωct) cos (θ+240)
The three terminal voltages of the stator are
Vs1s2 = Vs1N – Vs2N
= 3 KVr sin (θ+240) sin (ωct)
Vs2s3 = Vs2N – Vs3N
= 3 KVr sin (θ+124) sin (ωct)
Vs3s1 = Vs3N – Vs1N
= 3 KVr sin (θ) sin (ωct)
Where θ is zero, it is seen that maximum voltage is induced in the stator coil s2 while it follows
that the terminal voltage Vs3s1 is zero. This position of rotor is defined as the electricalzero of
the Tx and is used as a reference for specifying the angular position of the rotor.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig – 2.2 Circuit Diagram of Synchro-Transmitter Receiver


Thus it is seen that the synchro transmitter is the angular position of its rotor shaft andthe output
is a set of three single phase voltages. The magnitude of these voltages are functions of a shaft
position.
The classical synchro system consists of two units:
1. Synchro Transmitter.
2. Synchro Receiver.
The Synchro Receiver is having almost the same constructional features. The two units are
connected as shown in figure. Initially the winding S2 of the stator of transmitter is positioned
for maximum coupling with rotor winding. Suppose its voltage is V, the coupling between S1
and S2 of the stator and primary (ROTOR) winding is a cosine function. Therefore the effective
voltages in these winding are proportional to 60 degrees or they are V/2 each. So long as the
rotors of the transmitters and receivers remain in this position, no current will flow between
windings because of voltage balance.
When the rotor of transmitter is moved to a new position, the voltage balance is distributed.
Assume that the rotor of transmitter is moved through 30 degrees, the stator winding voltages
will be changed to zero, 0.866V and 0.866V respectively. Thus there is a voltage imbalance
between the windings causes currents to flow through the close circuit producing torque that
tends to rotate the rotor of the receiver to a new position where the voltage balance is again
restored. This balance is restored only if the receiver turns through the same angle as the
transmitter and also the direction of the rotation is the same as that of transmitter.
The transmitter & receiver pair thus serves to transmit information regarding angular position
at one point to a remote point..

PROCEDURE: 1
1. Connect the main supply to the system with the help of cable provided. Do not connect any patch
cards to terminals marked S1,S2 and S3.
2. Switch on main supply for the unit.
3. Starting from zero position noted down the voltage between stator winding terminals i.e. Vs1s2, Vs2s3,
Vs3s1 in a sequential manner. Enter readings in a tabular form and plot a graph of angular position of
rotor voltages for all three phases.

4. Note down that zero position of the stator rotor considers with Vs3s1 voltage equal to zero voltage. Do
not disturb this condition.
PROCEDURE: 2.
1. Connect main supply cable.
2. Connect s1, s2 &s3 terminals of transmitter to s1, s2&s3 of synchro receiver by patch cards
provided.
3. Switch on sw1 &sw2 and also switch on main supply.
4. Move the pointer i.e. rotor position of synchrotransmitter (TX) in Steps of 30 degrees and
observe the new rotor position. Observe that whenever rotor (TX) is rotated, the Tr rotor
follows it for both the directions of rotations and their positions are in good agreement.

5. Enter the input angular position and output angular position in the tabular form and plot a
graph.

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Handle the pointer for both the rotor s in a gentle manner.
2. Do not attempt to pullout the pointer.
3. Do not start rotor or stator terminals.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

S.no. Rotor position RMS voltage of Vs1s2(V) Vs2s3(V)


in degrees stator Vs1s3(V)

STUDY OF SYNCHROTRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER PAIR:

S.no. Angular position of syn. Angular position of syn.


Transmitter in degrees receiver in degrees
MODEL GRAPHS:
.

Fig 2.3 :Synchro Transmitter Characteristics

Fig – 2.4 Synchro Transmitters - Receiver Characteristics

RESULT:

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define the term "synchro".
2. Name the two general classifications of Synchros.
3. List the different synchro characteristics and give a brief explanation of each.
4. Explain the operation of a basic synchro transmitter and receiver.
5. Mention the application of Synchros.

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