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CS620 Past Papers

The document contains a series of questions and answers related to concepts in management and simulation, including the differences between Activity-Based Management (ABM) and Evidence-Based Management (EBM), definitions of events and entities, and explanations of stochastic simulation models. It also covers the benefits of tapping points in emotional techniques and provides insights into Agent-Based Modeling with an example of traffic simulation. Additionally, it offers a guide on simulating a coin toss using Excel functions.

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Mahnoor Nigah
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1K views4 pages

CS620 Past Papers

The document contains a series of questions and answers related to concepts in management and simulation, including the differences between Activity-Based Management (ABM) and Evidence-Based Management (EBM), definitions of events and entities, and explanations of stochastic simulation models. It also covers the benefits of tapping points in emotional techniques and provides insights into Agent-Based Modeling with an example of traffic simulation. Additionally, it offers a guide on simulating a coin toss using Excel functions.

Uploaded by

Mahnoor Nigah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CS620 Past papers

Questions and Answers.


Short questions:

Q1. What is the difference between ABM and EBM?


Answer:

ABM (Activity-Based Management) focuses on analyzing and improving


organizational activities to enhance efficiency and reduce costs. It helps in
understanding cost drivers and aligning activities with business objectives.

EBM (Evidence-Based Management) emphasizes using data, research, and empirical


evidence to inform decision-making. It reduces reliance on intuition or guesswork by
applying proven practices and evidence in managing processes and strategies.

Key Difference:

 ABM: Activity-centric, improving operational efficiency.


 EBM: Data-driven, optimizing decision-making.

Q2. Define events and entities.


Event:

An event is an occurrence or action that takes place within a system, triggering a


response or change. Events are specific, and measurable, and often represent
significant points in a process or system's lifecycle.

OR

Event: An action or occurrence that triggers a response or change in a system (e.g., a purchase).

Examples:

 In a banking system: A deposit or withdrawal.


 In an e-commerce system: Placing an order or adding an item to the cart.
Entity:

An entity is a distinct object or concept within a system that holds data and has specific
characteristics or attributes. Entities are typically the "things" that events affect or
involve.

OR

Entity: A distinct object or concept in a system with attributes (e.g., customer, product).

Examples:

 In a banking system: Customer, Account.


 In an e-commerce system: Product, Customer, Order.

Relationship:
Events often occur as actions or changes involving entities. For instance, the event
"placing an order" (event) involves the "customer" and "product" (entities).

Q3. Explain Stochastic simulation model?


A stochastic simulation model incorporates randomness and uncertainty to mimic
real-world systems where outcomes are not deterministic. It uses random variables and
probabilities to simulate different scenarios and predict outcomes.

Example:

 Weather Prediction: Simulating future weather by accounting for uncertain


factors like temperature, humidity, and wind.

Such models are used in fields like finance, healthcare, and supply chain management
to analyze complex, unpredictable systems.

4. What are the benefits of knowing the tapping points?


Knowing tapping points, commonly used in techniques like Emotional Freedom
Techniques (EFT) or acupressure, offers several benefits:

1. Stress Reduction: Stimulating tapping points helps lower cortisol levels and
reduce stress.
2. Emotional Relief: Can alleviate negative emotions like anxiety, anger, or fear.
3. Improved Focus: Clears mental blocks, aiding concentration and clarity.
4. Pain Management: May reduce physical pain by improving energy flow in the
body.
5. Self-Empowerment: Offers a quick, self-administered tool for emotional
regulation and well-being.
Tapping points are linked to energy meridians, helping restore balance and promote
relaxation.

Long Questions:

Q1. Explain the Agent-based modeling with an


example.
Answer:

Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) is a simulation technique used to model complex


systems by representing individual components (agents) with specific behaviors,
interactions, and decision-making rules. It emphasizes how individual actions lead to
emergent system-level phenomena.

Key Features:

1. Agents: Autonomous entities with defined behaviors and attributes.


2. Environment: Space where agents interact (physical or virtual).
3. Rules: Govern how agents behave and interact.
4. Emergence: System-wide patterns arising from individual interactions.

Example:

Traffic Simulation:

 Agents: Cars, traffic lights, and pedestrians.


 Environment: A road network.
 Rules:
o Cars stop at red lights and slow down if a vehicle is ahead.
o Pedestrians cross when the signal allows.

By simulating these interactions, ABM can help analyze traffic flow, identify bottlenecks,
and test policies like signal timing or lane restrictions.

This approach is also widely applied in economics, biology, social sciences, and urban
planning.
Q2. How can we simulate a coin toss using Excel?
You can simulate a coin toss in Excel using the RAND or RANDBETWEEN function.
Here's how:

Steps:
1. Using RANDBETWEEN:
o In a cell, enter the formula:
=IF(RANDBETWEEN(0,1)=0, "Heads", "Tails")
o This generates a random number (0 or 1).
 0 represents "Heads."
 1 represents "Tails."
2. Using RAND:
o In a cell, enter the formula:
=IF(RAND()<0.5, "Heads", "Tails")
o This generates a random decimal between 0 and 1.
 Values less than 0.5 are "Heads."
 Values 0.5 or higher are "Tails."
3. Simulating Multiple Tosses:
o Drag the formula down in multiple cells to simulate multiple coin tosses.

Optional:

Add a column to count results:

 Use the COUNTIF function to count the occurrences of "Heads" and "Tails."
Example:
o =COUNTIF(A1:A100, "Heads")
o =COUNTIF(A1:A100, "Tails")

This method gives you a quick and easy coin toss simulation!

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