WEATHER FORECASTING

USING PYTHON

SHIASH INFO SOLUTIONS

PRIVATE LIMITED

TEAM MEMBERS:
• A.P.RAGULSARAN
• A.SREE HARIHARAN
• S.KARTHEYAN
 INDEX
S.NO CONTENT PAGE NUMBER

1. INTRODUCTION

2. OBJECTIVES

3. SCOPE

4. HARDWARE & SOFTWARE

REQUREMENTS
5. FEATURES

6. REQUIRED LIBRARIES

7. CODE IMPLEMENTATION

8. OUTPUT

9. HOW TO RUN THE APP

10. CONCLUSION

11. REFERANCES

12. LINKS
 INTRODUCTION

Weather Forecasting Using Python Has Become A Powerful Tool For Meteorologists,
Researchers, And Developers In Predicting Weather Conditions. Python’s Extensive Libraries,
Such As Seaborn, Streamlit, Requests, Matplotlib, And Pandas, Provide A Robust
Environment For Collecting, Analyzing, And Visualizing Weather Data. Below Is An Outline Of
The Process Involved In Weather Forecasting Using These Libraries.

Data Collection:

The First Step In Weather Forecasting Is To Gather Weather Data, Which Typically Includes
Parameters Like Temperature, Humidity, Wind Speed, Pressure, And Precipitation. Using
Python, Data Can Be Accessed Through:

• Requests: Python’s Requests Library Is Used To Fetch Data From Apis. Several Weather
Data Providers, Such As Openweathermap, Weatherstack, And Climacell, Offer Apis
That Return Real-Time Weather Data In Formats Like JSON. Using Requests, We Can
Send An HTTP Request To The API And Retrieve The Weather Data.

Example:

Import Requests

Url =
"Http://Api.Openweathermap.Org/Data/2.5/Weather?Q=London&Appid=YOUR_API_
KEY"
Response = Requests.Get(Url)
Weather_Data = Response.Json()

• Web Scraping: In Some Cases, Weather Data Might Need To Be Extracted From
Websites. Python’s Web Scraping Libraries, Like Beautifulsoup Or Selenium, Can Be
Used For This Purpose.
• Public Datasets: Many Weather-Related Datasets Are Freely Available In Formats Like
CSV Or JSON. These Datasets Can Be Loaded Into Python Using Pandas For Analysis.

Data Preprocessing:

Once The Data Is Collected, It Needs To Be Preprocessed To Ensure It Is Clean And Formatted
For Analysis. Python’s Pandas Library Is Invaluable For This Step, As It Allows Us To:

• Handle Missing Values By Filling, Dropping, Or Imputing Data.

• Convert Timestamps And Dates Into Proper Datetime Objects.
• Filter, Group, And Aggregate Data Efficiently.

Example:
Import Pandas As Pd

# Load Data Into A Pandas Dataframe

Weather_Df = Pd.Read_Csv('Weather_Data.Csv')

# Handle Missing Values

Weather_Df.Fillna(Method='Ffill', Inplace=True)

# Convert Dates To Datetime Objects

Weather_Df['Date'] = Pd.To_Datetime(Weather_Df['Date'])
Data Visualization:

Data Visualization Is Key To Understanding Weather Patterns And Making Informed Forecasts.
Several Python Libraries Are Available For This:

• Matplotlib: One Of The Most Widely Used Libraries For Creating Static, Animated,
And Interactive Plots. It Can Be Used To Create Simple Line Plots, Bar Charts, Or
Scatter Plots To Visualize Weather Data Like Temperature And Wind Speed Over Time.
• Seaborn: Built On Top Of Matplotlib, Seaborn Provides A High-Level Interface For
Creating Visually Appealing Plots. Seaborn Is Particularly Useful For Plotting
Correlations And Distributions, Such As Temperature Vs. Humidity.

Example:

Import Seaborn As Sns

Import Matplotlib.Pyplot As Plt

# Create A Correlation Heatmap

Sns.Heatmap(Weather_Df.Corr(), Annot=True)
Plt.Show()

• Streamlit: For Real-Time Weather Forecasting Dashboards, Streamlit Allows Easy

Creation Of Interactive Web Applications. With Streamlit, You Can Display Interactive
Plots And Input Fields, Allowing Users To Explore Different Weather Conditions And
Predictions.

Example:

Import Streamlit As St

St.Title('Weather Forecasting Dashboard')

# Display Data And Plots
St.Write(Weather_Df.Head())
St.Line_Chart(Weather_Df['Temperature'])
Weather Forecasting Models:

Once The Data Is Preprocessed And Visualized, It’s Time To Apply Forecasting Models. While
Seaborn And Matplotlib Are Not Directly Used For Modeling, They Assist With Visualizing
Trends And Correlations That Can Guide Model Selection. In This Step, Simple Statistical
Models Or Machine Learning Methods Can Be Applied:

• Linear Regression: Linear Regression Can Be Applied To Predict Weather Conditions

Like Temperature Or Humidity Based On Historical Data. The Scikit-Learn Library
Would Typically Be Used Here, But This Example Focuses On Python Tools Already
Mentioned.
• Time Series Models: Time Series Forecasting Methods Such As ARIMA
(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) Can Be Used To Predict Future Weather
Based On Historical Trends.

Deployment And Interaction:

Once A Model Is Developed And Predictions Are Made, Streamlit Can Be Used To Deploy The
Weather Forecasting Model In A Simple Interactive Interface, Where Users Can Input
Parameters (Such As Location Or Date) And Receive Predictions.

Example:

# Input For Location

City = St.Text_Input('Enter City', 'London')

# Use The Weather Model To Predict For The Entered City

Forecast = Get_Weather_Forecast(City) # Assume This Function Fetches A Forecast

St.Write(F"Forecast For {City}: {Forecast}")

OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this project is to build an interactive Python-based weather forecasting
application. The objectives include:

1. Accurate Weather Data Retrieval:

The application fetches real-time weather data using the OpenWeatherMap API. This
ensures users receive up-to-date and reliable forecasts for their specified locations.

2. Tabular Presentation:

Weather data is processed and structured into an easy-to-read tabular format. This
approach aids users in understanding trends and making informed decisions.

3. Graphical Visualization:

The app provides clear visualizations of temperature and humidity trends over time.
Graphical representations, such as line charts, make it easier to interpret and analyze
weather patterns.

4. Interactive User Interface:

Using Streamlit, the app offers an intuitive and user-friendly interface. Users can input
city names and API keys securely, ensuring a seamless experience.

5. 5-Day Forecasting Capability:

The application displays detailed weather forecasts for the next five days. Each day
includes multiple data points, offering a comprehensive view of expected weather
conditions.

6. Scalability and Flexibility:

Designed with future expansion in mind, the app can incorporate additional features, such
as precipitation forecasts, wind speed data, and severe weather alerts, to enhance its
utility.

7. Secure Data Handling:

User inputs, such as API keys, are handled securely to protect sensitive information and
prevent misuse.
8. Error Handling:

Robust error handling mechanisms ensure that users receive meaningful feedback in case
of invalid inputs, API errors, or data processing issues.

9. Cross-Platform Compatibility:

The app is lightweight and can run on various devices, making it accessible to a wide
range of users.

10. Educational Value:

Beyond functionality, the app serves as a learning tool for those interested in
understanding how programming, data analysis, and visualization can be applied in
weather forecasting.
SCOPE:

• Allowing users to input a city name and fetch the forecast:

The app provides a simple and intuitive input field where users can enter the name of
any city worldwide. This feature is designed to be responsive and interactive, ensuring a
seamless experience while retrieving the weather forecast for the specified location. The
app connects to the OpenWeatherMap API in real time to fetch accurate data based on
the user's input.

• Displaying a 5-day weather forecast:

The application fetches and presents a detailed 5-day forecast, offering data for multiple
times during each day. Users can view key metrics such as temperature, humidity, and
weather conditions, providing a comprehensive outlook of upcoming weather patterns.

• Providing easy-to-read visualizations:

Graphical representations are integral to the app. The use of line charts for temperature
and humidity trends enhances the user experience by offering clear and concise visual
data. These visualizations are generated using Matplotlib and Seaborn, ensuring high-
quality and professional outputs.

• Offering a secure interface for API key input:

Users can safely input their OpenWeatherMap API keys into the app. The interface
encrypts the keys to prevent unauthorized access and misuse, prioritizing user data
security and privacy.
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

SOFTWAREREQUIREMENTS:

• PLATFORM: OPEN SOURCE (PYTHON).

• THE OPERATING SYSTEM: Windows 11.
• APPLICATION OR SOFTWARE: Visual Studio Code.
• Framework: Python.
• Front-End Tool: Python (Streamlit).
• VISUALIZATION TOOL: Seaborn And Matplotlib.
• API: Open Weather Map.( d01073d59f50d3b2bffc88019573bc1e).

HARDWAREREQUIREMENTS:

• PROCESSOR:Intel Pentium IV 2.9 GHz Other

• RAM: Minimum 4 GB – Maximum 16 GB
• GRAPHICS: Integrated graphics card
• HARD DISK: Minimum 500 GB – Maximum 1TB
FEATURES OF WEATHER FORECASTING USING PYTHON:

Python-based weather forecasting applications come with several powerful features that enhance
user experience and provide valuable insights. Below are the features of such systems elaborated
in detail:

1. Real-Time Data Retrieval:

The application fetches up-to-date weather data for any specified city by connecting to
APIs like OpenWeatherMap. This ensures that users have access to the most accurate and
recent weather forecasts.

2. Comprehensive Weather Forecasts:

The system provides detailed weather predictions for five consecutive days, including
multiple daily intervals. This information includes temperature, humidity, wind speed,
and weather conditions, enabling users to plan their activities effectively.

3. Interactive User Interface:

With the help of Streamlit, the app provides an intuitive and easy-to-navigate interface.
Users can input city names and API keys seamlessly and view results in a structured
format without needing technical expertise.

4. Graphical Visualizations:

The application includes aesthetically pleasing and easy-to-understand visual

representations of weather data. Line charts for temperature and humidity trends are
created using Matplotlib and Seaborn, enhancing the overall user experience.

5. Secure Data Handling:

User inputs, such as API keys, are handled securely within the app. The system ensures
data privacy and protects sensitive information from unauthorized access or misuse.

6. Error Handling:

The application is designed to manage errors effectively. Whether it’s an invalid API key,
a network issue, or a missing data point, users are provided with clear error messages to
address the problem.

7. Customizable Features:

The modular design of the application allows for easy expansion and customization.
Developers can add new features such as precipitation forecasts, air quality index, or
severe weather alerts based on user requirements.
8. Cross-Platform Compatibility:

The lightweight nature of the app ensures it can run on various platforms, including
desktops, laptops, and tablets, making it accessible to a broad audience.

9. Educational Value:

Beyond practical use, the application serves as an excellent resource for learning about
weather forecasting, data visualization, and Python programming. Students and
enthusiasts can explore the code to understand how these technologies work together.

10. Open Source:

Python-based systems are often open-source, allowing developers and organizations to

contribute to the codebase, improve functionalities, and tailor the application to specific
needs.
REQUIRED LIBRARIES:

To achieve the objectives, the following libraries are utilized:

INSTALLING STATEMENTS:

IMPORTING STATEMENTS:
• Streamlit:

Used to build a clean and interactive web-based application. Install it using:

pip install streamlit

import streamlit as st

• Pandas:

For data manipulation, cleaning, and structuring tabular data. Install it using:

pip install pandas

import pandas as pd

• Matplotlib:

To create static and interactive visualizations. Install it using:

pip install matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

• Seaborn:

Enhances the aesthetics and readability of the visualizations created with Matplotlib.
Install it using:

pip install seaborn

import seaborn as sns

• Requests:

Enables seamless communication with the OpenWeatherMap API to fetch live weather
data. Install it using:

pip install requests

import requests
CODE IMPLEMENTATION:
importstreamlitasst
importrequests
importpandasaspd
importmatplotlib.pyplotasplt
importseabornassns

# Ensure the use of the default Matplotlib backend for Streamlit

frommatplotlibimportuseasmatplotlib_use
matplotlib_use('Agg')

# Function to fetch weather data from OpenWeatherMap API

deffetch_weather_data(city, api_key):
API_KEY="d01073d59f50d3b2bffc88019573bc1e"
base_url="https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={city
name}&appid={API key}"
params= {
'q': city,
'appid': api_key,
'units': 'metric'
}
response=requests.get(base_url, params=params)
ifresponse.status_code==200:
returnresponse.json()
else:
st.error(f"Error: {response.status_code} - {response.json().get('message',
'Unable to fetch data.')}")
returnNone

# Process weather data into a DataFrame

defprocess_weather_data(data):
try:
forecasts=data['list']
weather_data= {
'datetime': [item['dt_txt'] foriteminforecasts],
'temperature': [item['main']['temp'] foriteminforecasts],
'humidity': [item['main']['humidity'] foriteminforecasts],
'weather': [item['weather'][0]['description'] foriteminforecasts]
 }
returnpd.DataFrame(weather_data)
exceptKeyError:
st.error("Error processing weather data. The response structure may have
changed.")
returnpd.DataFrame()

# Visualize the weather forecast

defvisualize_weather(data, city):
ifdata.empty:
st.warning("No data available to visualize.")
return
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
sns.lineplot(x='datetime', y='temperature', data=data, label='Temperature (°C)',
marker='o')
sns.lineplot(x='datetime', y='humidity', data=data, label='Humidity (%)',
marker='o')
plt.xticks(rotation=45, ha='right')
plt.title(f"Weather Forecast for {city}")
plt.xlabel("Datetime")
plt.ylabel("Values")
plt.legend()
plt.grid()
plt.tight_layout()
st.pyplot(plt)

# Streamlit App
st.title("Weather Forecast App 🌦️")

# API Key Input

API_KEY=st.text_input("Enter your OpenWeatherMap API Key:",
type="password")

# City Name Input

city_name=st.text_input("Enter the city name:")

ifAPI_KEYandcity_name:
ifst.button("Fetch Weather Data"):
# Fetch and process weather data
weather_json=fetch_weather_data(city_name, API_KEY)
ifweather_json:
weather_df=process_weather_data(weather_json)
ifnotweather_df.empty:
# Display data
st.subheader(f"Weather Forecast Data for {city_name}")
st.dataframe(weather_df)

# Visualize data
st.subheader("Visualizations")
visualize_weather(weather_df, city_name)
OUTPUT:
How to Run the App:
Install Required Libraries

Before running the app, you need to ensure all the required libraries are installed. These libraries
provide the necessary functionality for data manipulation, visualization, and making HTTP
requests to fetch weather data. Open your terminal (Command Prompt, PowerShell, or terminal
on macOS/Linux) and run the following command to install the necessary libraries:

pip install streamlit pandas matplotlib seaborn requests

• Streamlit: Used for building the interactive web interface.

• Pandas: Helps with data manipulation and cleaning.
• Matplotlib and Seaborn: Used for visualizing weather data (like temperature trends).
• Requests: Fetches real-time weather data from APIs.
2. Save the Python Script

Next, save the Python script that contains the weather forecasting logic. Open your preferred text
editor (VSCode, Sublime Text, or PyCharm), and create a new Python file. You can name it
weather_forecasting_app.py or anything you prefer.

In the script, define the logic for fetching weather data from OpenWeatherMap (using an API),
displaying the weather forecast, and creating visualizations. The code should include functions to
request the weather data, process it, and display it through Streamlit’s user-friendly interface.

3. Run the Streamlit App

Once you have saved your Python script, navigate to the folder where the script is stored using
the terminal. Use the following command to run the Streamlit app:

streamlit run weather_forecasting_app.py

Streamlit will automatically start a local server and provide a URL (usually http://localhost:8501)
where you can interact with the app via your web browser.

4. Enter Your API Key and City Name

When the app opens in your browser, you will see input fields to enter your OpenWeatherMap
API key and city name. Enter your API key (you can get it by signing up on OpenWeatherMap)
and a city name to receive the weather data. The app will fetch the data and display the weather
forecast, including temperature, humidity, and wind speed, along with visualizations like bar
charts.

API KEY USED IN EXECUTION OF OUTPUT:{ d01073d59f50d3b2bffc88019573bc1e}

Now, your weather forecasting app should be up and running.

CONCLUSION:

Python, With Its Comprehensive Set Of Libraries And Tools, Offers An Efficient, Accessible,
And Powerful Environment For Developing Weather Forecasting Systems. Through The
Integration Of Libraries Such As Seaborn, Streamlit, Requests, Matplotlib, And Pandas,
Python Enables The Entire Process Of Weather Forecasting—From Data Collection And
Preprocessing To Visualization And Deployment.

This Streamlined Workflow Makes Python An Ideal Choice For Developers, Researchers, And
Data Scientists Working On Weather-Related Applications, Providing Them With A Versatile
And User-Friendly Platform To Build Robust Forecasting Models.

The First Step In Weather Forecasting Involves Collecting Data, Which Is Essential For
Accurate Predictions. Using Requests, Python Allows You To Easily Interact With Weather
Apis Like Openweathermap, Enabling You To Fetch Real-Time Weather Data For Specific
Locations.

This Data Includes Key Weather Parameters Such As Temperature, Humidity, Wind Speed,
Pressure, And Precipitation. By Automating This Data Collection Process, Python Ensures That
Users Have Access To Up-To-Date And Reliable Weather Information, Which Is Vital For
Forecasting Models.

Once The Data Is Collected, The Next Phase Involves Visualizing The Information. Matplotlib
And Seaborn Play A Critical Role In This Step By Providing Tools To Create Informative And
Visually Appealing Charts. With Matplotlib, You Can Generate Line Plots, Bar Charts, And
Scatter Plots To Display Changes In Temperature, Humidity, Or Other Weather Factors Over
Time. Seaborn, Built On Top Of Matplotlib, Offers High-Level Functions For Creating
Complex Plots Such As Heatmaps, Correlation Matrices, And Distribution Plots. These
Visualizations Help Identify Patterns And Trends Within The Data, Which Are Crucial For
Making Informed Predictions.

After Visualizing The Data, Pandas Comes Into Play To Handle The Preprocessing And
Manipulation Of The Data. Pandas Allows You To Clean The Dataset By Handling Missing
Values, Converting Date-Time Formats, And Performing Aggregations To Summarize The Data.
It Also Enables You To Filter, Sort, And Transform The Data, Ensuring It Is In The Right
Format For Modeling.

Once The Data Is Ready, The Forecasting Model Can Be Created Using Statistical Methods Or
Machine Learning Techniques. These Models Can Predict Future Weather Conditions Based On
Historical Trends. Time Series Models, Such As ARIMA, Or Machine Learning Algorithms
Like Decision Trees, Random Forests, And Support Vector Machines, Can Be Employed To
Predict Parameters Such As Temperature, Precipitation, Or Wind Speed.

Finally, Streamlit Plays A Key Role In Making The Weather Forecasting Model Interactive And
Accessible. By Integrating The Model Into A Streamlit App, Developers Can Create An
Intuitive Web Interface That Allows Users To Input Data (E.G., City Name Or Date) And
Receive Real-Time Forecasts. Streamlit Provides An Easy Way To Deploy These Models
Without Requiring Extensive Web Development Skills, Making It Easier To Share And Use The
Forecasting Tool.

In Conclusion, Python, Through Its Combination Of Libraries Like Seaborn, Streamlit,

Requests, Matplotlib, And Pandas, Offers A Comprehensive Platform For Building And
Deploying Weather Forecasting Systems. These Libraries Streamline The Process Of Collecting
Data, Analyzing Trends, Building Predictive Models, And Deploying Interactive Dashboards.
Python's Versatility And Ease Of Use Have Made It A Top Choice For Anyone Looking To
Develop Weather Forecasting Applications, Whether For Research, Disaster Management,
Agriculture, Or Other Industries. The Result Is An Accessible, Effective, And Powerful Tool
That Can Be Used To Create Reliable Weather Forecasts For A Wide Range Of Purposes.
REFERENCES:

• Streamlit Documentation: Official documentation for Streamlit, which provides

comprehensive guides, tutorials, and examples to help you build interactive web apps
with ease.
• Pandas Documentation: Official documentation for Pandas, a powerful Python library for
data manipulation and analysis, which helps with data cleaning, transformation, and
aggregation.
• Matplotlib Documentation: Matplotlib's official documentation, which covers plotting
functions for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations in Python.
• Seaborn Documentation: Official documentation for Seaborn, a Python library built on
top of Matplotlib that provides high-level functions for creating visually attractive and
informative statistical graphics.
• OpenWeatherMap API: The API documentation for OpenWeatherMap, which provides
access to real-time weather data, forecasts, and historical weather data for various
locations around the world.{ d01073d59f50d3b2bffc88019573bc1e}

LINKS:

• [Streamlit Documentation] (https://docs.streamlit.io)

• [Pandas Documentation](https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/)
• [Matplotlib Documentation](https://matplotlib.org/stable/contents.html)
• [Seaborn Documentation](https://seaborn.pydata.org/)
• [OpenWeatherMap API](https://openweathermap.org/api)