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SIMPLIFICATION – సూ కరణ
We can simplify the mathematical expressions involving various operations such as parenthesis or bracket, addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division using BODMAS rule.
BODMAS య ఉప ం ండ కరణం , క, త, ణ రం మ గ రం వం ధ రక ల న గ త వ కరణల మనం
సర కృతం యవ .
In BODMAS :
B refers to Brackets - B అ ల ం .
O refers to Of (Powers, roots, etc.) - O అం ణ రం
D refers to Division - D అ ం .
M refers to Multiplication - M అ ణ ం .
A refers to Addition - A అ క ం .
S refers to Subtraction - S అ త ం .
It refers to the order of operations to simplify a mathematical expressions.
ఇ గ త వ కరణల సరళతరం య రక ల ం .
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HOW TO APPLY BODMAS RULE :- BODMAS య వ ం నం

First simplify the terms that appeared in the brackets followed by of (powers, square roots, cube roots etc.) and then we
have to perform division and multiplication followed by addition and subtraction.
దట ట క ం ప ల సర క ం ,త త( , వర , ఘన ద న )త త మనం రం మ ణ ,త త
కమ యడం .
Following the wrong order will lead to a wrong answer.
Note :
While performing the BODMAS rule, start from left to right side since they perform equally.
BODMAS య అమ ట , అ స నం ప బ ఎడమ ం రం ంచం .

Ex. 1. Simplify (సర క ంచం ): 95 – [144 ÷ ( √𝟖𝟏 × 1) – (– 4) – {2– 18}]

Solution :

50 – [144 ÷ ( √81 x1) – (– 4) – {2 – 18}]

= 50–[144 ÷ (√81 x1) – (– 4) – {– 16}]

[Removing parentheses] [ ండ కరణం ల ం ]

= 50 – [144 ÷ (9 × 1) – (– 4) – { –16}]

[Removing square root] [ వర లం ల ం ]

= 50 – [144 ÷ 9 – (–4) – {– 16}]

[Performing division] [ రం య ]

= 50 – [16 + 4 + 16]
= 50 – 36 = 14
𝟏
Ex. 2. Simplify( క ంచం ) : 80 –[ 𝟓 {23 + (35 – 8 +10) +10 ]

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Solution :

80 –[ {23 + (35 – 8 +10} +10]

= 80 –[ {23 + (45 – 8} +10]

= 80 –[ {23 + 37} +10] [Removing parentheses]

= 80 – [(60/5) +10]
= 80 – [12 + 10]
= 80 – 22 = 58

Ex. 3. Simplify ( క ంచం ) : 9 – [23 – {9 – (7 – 𝟑 − 𝟏)}]

Solution :

9 – [8 – {9 – (7 – 3 − 1 )}]
= 9 – [8 – {9 – (7 – 2)}] [Removing vinculum/అ త]

= 9 – [8 – {9 – 5}] [Removing parentheses]

= 9 – [8 – 4]
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=9–4=5
𝟑 𝟏
Ex. 4. Solve : ( 𝟖 - 𝟖 ) of 24.

Solution :

( - ) of 24 [Removing parentheses]

= x 24 = 6

II. Modulus of a Real Number: Modulus of a real number a is defined as

2. సవ సంఖ క ల : ఒక సవ సంఖ క ల ఇ ర .
| a| = { a, if a>0
-a, if a <0
Thus, |5| = 5 and |–5| = – (–5) = 5.
III. Virnaculum (or Bar): When an expression contains Virnaculum, before applying the ‘BODMAS’ rule, we simplify
the expression under the Virnaculum.
III. ల ( ): ఒక వ కరణ ల ఉన , 'BODMAS' య వ ంప ం , మనం ల ంద వ కరణ సర క .
IV. Some Important Formulae: ఖ న :

(i) (a + b) 2 = (a2 + b2 + 2ab)

(ii) (a – b) 2 = (a2 + b2 – 2ab)
(iii) (a + b) 2 + (a – b)2 = 2(a2 + b2)
(iv) (a + b) 2 – (a – b) 2 = 4ab
(v) (a2 – b2) = (a + b) (a – b)
(vi) (a + b) 3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)
(vii) (a – b) 3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b)

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(viii) (a3 + b3) = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)

(ix) (a3 – b3) = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)
(x) (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
(xi) a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)
V. For any two sets A and B, we have: A మ Bఅ ం స ల ర

(i) n(A – B) + n(A ∩ B) = n(A)

(ii) n(B – A) + n(A ∩ B) = n(B)
(iii) n(A ∪ B) = n(A – B) + n(A ∩ B) + n(B – A)
(iv) n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B).
5: Simplify the following 5. ం సర క ంచం
(i) 0.32 × 0.32 + 0.64 × 0.68 + 0.68 × 0.68
Solution: Given expression
= 0.32 × 0.32 + 2 × 0.32 × 0.68 + 0.68 × 0.68
= (0.32)2 + 2 × 0.32 × 0.68 + (0.68)2
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= (0.32 + 0.68)2 [ : a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2]

= 12 = 1.

6.
Solution: Given expression

= 14.

7.
Solution: Given expression

= 1.
𝟎.𝟔𝟖𝟐 𝒙 𝟎.𝟔𝟖𝟐 – 𝟎.𝟑𝟏𝟖 𝒙 𝟎.𝟑𝟏𝟖
8. 𝟎.𝟔𝟖𝟐 𝟎.𝟑𝟏𝟖

Solution: Given expression

(𝟑.𝟐𝟗)𝟐 (𝟎.𝟖𝟏)𝟐
9. 𝟒

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Solution: Given expression

10. (2.35)3 + 1.95 × (2.35)2 + 7.05 × (0.65)2 + (0.65)3

Solution: Given expression
= (2.35)3 + 3 × 0.65 × (2.35)2 + 3 × 2.35 × (0.65)2 + (0.65)3
= (2.35 + 0.65)3 [ a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 = (a + b)3]
= (3)3 = 27.
𝟖𝟖𝟓 𝒙 𝟖𝟖𝟓 𝒙 𝟖𝟖𝟓 𝟏𝟏𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟓
11. 𝟖𝟖𝟓 𝐱 𝟖𝟖𝟓 𝟏𝟏𝟓 𝐱 𝟏𝟏𝟓 𝟖𝟖𝟓 𝐱 𝟏𝟏𝟓

Solution: Given expression

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Short-Cut Methods

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Illustration 12: Simplify each of the following by rationalizing the denominators.

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Fractions
1. Continued Fraction

Fractions of the form are called, ‘continued fractions’.

To simplify a continued fraction, we start from the bottom and work upwards.

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