import tkinter as tk

import tkinter.messagebox
from tkinter.constants import SUNKEN
window = tk.Tk()
window.title('Calculator-GeeksForGeeks')
frame = tk.Frame(master=window, bg="skyblue", padx=10)
frame.pack()
entry = tk.Entry(master=frame, relief=SUNKEN,
borderwidth=3, width=30)
entry.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, ipady=2,
pady=2)
def myclick(number):
entry.insert(tk.END, number)
def equal():
try:
y = str(eval(entry.get()))
entry.delete(0, tk.END)
entry.insert(0, y)
except:
tkinter.messagebox.showinfo("Error", "Syntax Error")

def clear():
entry.delete(0, tk.END)
button_1 = tk.Button(master=frame, text='1', padx=15,
pady=5, width=3, command=lambda:
myclick(1))
button_1.grid(row=1, column=0, pady=2)
button_2 = tk.Button(master=frame, text='2', padx=15,
 pady=5, width=3, command=lambda:
myclick(2))
button_2.grid(row=1, column=1, pady=2)
button_3 = tk.Button(master=frame, text='3', padx=15,
pady=5, width=3, command=lambda:
myclick(3))
button_3.grid(row=1, column=2, pady=2)
button_4 = tk.Button(master=frame, text='4', padx=15,
pady=5, width=3, command=lambda:
myclick(4))
button_4.grid(row=2, column=0, pady=2)
button_5 = tk.Button(master=frame, text='5', padx=15,
pady=5, width=3, command=lambda:
myclick(5))
button_5.grid(row=2, column=1, pady=2)
button_6 = tk.Button(master=frame, text='6', padx=15,
pady=5, width=3, command=lambda:
myclick(6)) button_6.grid(row=2, column=2, pady=2)
button_7 = tk.Button(master=frame, text='7', padx=15,
pady=5, width=3, command=lambda:
myclick(7))
button_7.grid(row=3, column=0, pady=2)
button_8 = tk.Button(master=frame, text='8', padx=15,
pady=5, width=3, command=lambda:
myclick(8))
button_8.grid(row=3, column=1, pady=2)
button_9 = tk.Button(master=frame, text='9', padx=15,
pady=5, width=3, command=lambda:
myclick(9))
button_9.grid(row=3, column=2, pady=2)
button_0 = tk.Button(master=frame, text='0', padx=15,
pady=5, width=3, command=lambda:
myclick(0))
button_0.grid(row=4, column=1, pady=2)

button_add = tk.Button(master=frame, text="+", padx=15,

pady=5, width=3, command=lambda:
myclick('+'))
button_add.grid(row=5, column=0, pady=2)

button_subtract = tk.Button(
master=frame, text="-", padx=15, pady=5, width=3,
command=lambda: myclick('-'))
button_subtract.grid(row=5, column=1, pady=2)

button_multiply = tk.Button(
master=frame, text="*", padx=15, pady=5, width=3,
command=lambda: myclick('*'))
button_multiply.grid(row=5, column=2, pady=2)

button_div = tk.Button(master=frame, text="/", padx=15,

pady=5, width=3,
command=lambda: myclick('/'))
button_div.grid(row=6, column=0,
pady=2)
button_clear = tk.Button(master=frame,
text="clear",
padx=15, pady=5,
width=12, command=clear)
button_clear.grid(row=6, column=1,
columnspan=2, pady=2)
button_equal = tk.Button(master=frame,
text="=", padx=15,
pady=5, width=9,
command=equal)
button_equal.grid(row=7, column=0, columnspan=3, pady=2)

window.mainloop()

program 2
def get_letter_grade(grade):

"""

This function converts a numerical grade to a letter grade.

Args:

grade: A numerical grade between 0 and 100.

Returns:
 A letter grade (A, B, C, D, or F).

"""

if grade >= 90:

return "A"

elif grade >= 80:

return "B"

elif grade >= 70:

return "C"

elif grade >= 60:

return "D"

else:

return "F"

def main():

"""

This function prompts the user for a numerical grade, calls the get_letter_grade function to convert it,
and prints the letter grade.

"""

try:

# Get the numerical grade from the user

number_grade = float(input("Enter your numerical grade (0-100): "))

# Input validation - check if grade is between 0 and 100

if not (0 <= number_grade <= 100):

 raise ValueError("Grade must be between 0 and 100.")

# Call the function to get the letter grade

letter_grade = get_letter_grade(number_grade)

# Print the letter grade

print(f"Your letter grade for {number_grade} is: {letter_grade}")

except ValueError as e:

print(f"Error: {e}")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

program2
M = int(input("Enter The Marks Of Maths(Out OF 100) "))

S = int(input("Enter The Marks Of Science(Out OF 100) "))

E = int(input("Enter The Marks Of English(Out OF 100) "))

TOT=M+S+E

print("Total Marks",TOT,sep=" ")

PER= (M+S+E)/3

print("Percentage",round(PER,2),sep=" ")

#Now I want The Below Code To Be Run Without The Use Of if_else

if(PER>50):

print("A")

elif(PER>0):
print("B")

elif(PER==0):

print("C")

while per > 50:

print("A")

break

is_a = PER > 50

is_b = PER <= 50 and PER > 0

is_c = PER == 0

# Assign key,val pairs to each grade

grade_values = {

is_a: "A",

is_b: "B",

is_c: "C",

# Since only one grade can evaluate to True, grade_values[True] will return the correct grade

grade = grade_values[True]

print(grade)

program 2
def get_letter_grade(numeric_grade):
 if numeric_grade >= 90:

return 'A'

elif numeric_grade >= 80:

return 'B'

elif numeric_grade >= 70:

return 'C'

elif numeric_grade >= 60:

return 'D'

elif numeric_grade >= 50:

return 'Fail'

else:

return 'G'

def main():

try:

# Get user input

numeric_grade = float(input("Enter your numeric grade: "))

# Get the letter grade

letter_grade = get_letter_grade(numeric_grade)

# Print the letter grade

print(f"Your letter grade is: {letter_grade}")

except ValueError:

print("Please enter a valid number.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

program 3
n=5

# Upper half of the butterfly

for i in range(1, n + 1):

for j in range(i):

print("*", end="")

for j in range(2 * (n - i)):

print(" ", end="")

for j in range(i):

print("*", end="")

print()

# Lower half of the butterfly

for i in range(n, 0, -1):

for j in range(i):

print("*", end="")

for j in range(2 * (n - i)):

print(" ", end="")

for j in range(i):

print("*", end="")
 print()

for i in range(5):

for j in range(5):

print("*", end="")

print()

for i in range(5):

for j in range(i):

print(" ", end="")

for j in range(i, 5):

print("* ", end="")

print()

for i in range(5):

for j in range(5, i, -1):

print(" ", end="")

for k in range(i + 1):

print("* ", end="")

print()

n=5

# Upper half of the diamond

for i in range(n):

for j in range(n - 1, i, -1):

print(" ", end="")

for k in range(i + 1):

print("* ", end="")

print()

# Lower half of the diamond

for i in range(1, n):

for j in range(i):

print(" ", end="")

for k in range(n - 1, i - 1, -1):

print("* ", end="")

print()

n=5

for i in range(n):

for j in range(n):

if i == 0 or i == n - 1 or j == 0 or j == n - 1:

print("*", end="")

else:

print(" ", end="")

print()
program 4
# Python program to
# demonstrate stack implementation
# using list

stack = []

# append() function to push

# element in the stack
stack.append('a')
stack.append('b')
stack.append('c')

print('Initial stack')
print(stack)

# pop() function to pop

# element from stack in
# LIFO order
print('\nElements popped from stack:')
print(stack.pop())
print(stack.pop())
print(stack.pop())

print('\nStack after elements are popped:')

print(stack)

# uncommenting print(stack.pop())
# will cause an IndexError
# as the stack is now empty

queue = []

queue.append('a')

queue.append('b')

queue.append('c')

print("Initial queue")

print(queue)
print("\nElements dequeued from queue")

print(queue.pop(0))

print(queue.pop(0))

print(queue.pop(0))

print("\nQueue after removing elements")

print(queue)