father and son share a Quiet moment at a mosque In New Delhi Indio. WARM UP Dene ca eT kinds of th ery eeeonce eae oe Cease eon Sydney Harbour, Australia. This dramatic Beka cree BEFORE YOU READ DermiONs Caray |A. Read the sentence below. Match the correct form of each word in bold with its definition (1-3) In addition to using professional photojournalists, many magi ‘and newspapers today rely on amateur photographers to document important events 1, ___:to record in writen or photographic form .working without being paid; not professional 3, —__: a reporter who shares news using mages, Skim paragraphs A and B. Which of these statements would the author most likely agree with? Circle a,b, orc. Check your ‘answer as you read th a. The qualty of smartphone photos is usually not very ». Smartphones and apps have allowed anyone to be a photographer Many photojournalists don’ ‘of amateur photography.Afalls Before the age of the smartphone, aspiring photographers had to learn hhow to use high-tech cameras and photographic techniques. Not everyone Ihad cameras, and it took skill and a good eye to capture and create a great photograph. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, ‘we are all amateur photographers. And pretty good ones, too: The quality of ‘smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras. ‘The new ease of photography has given us a appetite for capturing the magical and the ordinary, We are ‘with documenting everyday moments, whether i's a shot of our breakfast, our cat—or our cat's breakfast. And rather than collet pictures in scrapbooks, we share ike, and comment on them with friends and strangers around the globe, Even photojournalists are experimenting with cell phones because their near invisibility makes it easier to capture unguarded moments." The Internet also allows photojournalists to avoid traditional media, They can now act as their own publishers—reaching huge audiences via social media sites such ‘as Instagram, A photograph taken in New York can get a response from someone in Lagos within a second of being uploaded. In the past, magazines published unforgettable photos of important people and global events that captured our imaginations. These photos had the ‘power to change public opinion—even the course of history. But if there are fewer memorable images today, is not because there are fewer good images I's beeause there are so many, No one image getsto be special forlong, ‘Cameras are everywhere—a situation that is transforming the way we experience ‘events, When there are major political events or natural disasters, its ordinary citizens with cell phones—not photojournalists — who often provide the frst news images. Quality sill matters, but is less ‘important than what's shared As people everywhere photography and the media make use ‘of citizen journalists, professional standards appear to be shifting, In the ‘past, most people trusted photojournalists to accurately reality ‘Today, however digital images can be altered in ways the naked eye might Unita 9NEW MARKET p= 223-— never notice. Any image can be altered t0 create an “improved!” picture of reality. The average viewer is left with no way to assess the accuracy ofan image except through trust in a news organization or photographer. 5 The question ofthe accuracy of images gets leven trickier when photojournalists start ‘experimenting with camera apps—like Flickr or Instagram—which encourage the use of 10 unit 14 a filters, Images can be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs ‘more artistic, orto give them an antique look. Photojournalists using camera apps to cover wars and conflets have created powerful images—but also Cities worry that antique-looking photographs romantcize war, while distancing us from those who fight inthem,reo oceans ene Yet, photography has always been more subjective than we assume. Each picture isa result ofa series of decisions —where to stand, what lens to use, and what to leave in or out of the frame. Does altering photographs with camera app filters make ‘them less true? ‘There's something powerful and exciting about the experiment thatthe digital age has forced upon us. These new tools make it easier to tell our own stories, and they give others the power todo the same. Many members ofthe media get stuck on the same stories, focusing on elections, governments, ‘wars, and disasters. Inthe process, they miss out on the less dramatic images of daily life that can be just as revealing and The increase in the number of photographs ‘and photographers might even be good for itself, Hundreds of millions of potential citizen journalists make the ‘world smaller and help keep leaders honest. People ean now show what they are up against, making it increasingly difficult for governments to hide their actions. If everyone has a camera Big Brother isnt the only one ‘watehing. ‘Who knows? Our obsession with documentation and constantly being connected could lead toa radical change in our way of being. Perhaps we are witnessing the development ofa universal visual language. I's one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there wll be those who produce poetry and those who ‘make shopping lst It's not clear whether this lowering of image-making will ead to a public that better appreciates and understands images. Or will itsimply numb us to the effets a well-made image can have? Regardless, the change is ireversible, Let's hope the millions of new photographs made today help us see ‘what we all have in common, rather than ‘what sets us apart ig Bethe fs apesn ot npn ering hese pops erm ag om Unit 1@ 14man ea eta Punrost irene PARAPHRASE Ma ex 12 unit 1a ‘A. Choose the best answer for each question. 1 According tothe author, why are there fewer memorable photographs today? a, because the quality of many images is very poor ». because most images are not interesting to a global audience because traditional media efuse to publish amateur photos 4. because there are so many good images these days 2. What kinds of images does the author think matter most these days? ‘a. images that are important to people and can be shared quickly b. high-quality images that helo show dramatic events . images presented in a traditional way that reflect reality 4. images that can be altered to improve one’s sense of realty 3. Why does the author put the word improved in quotation marks in paragraph F? ‘a. The writer is using the exact word from anather source, 'b. The writer wants to stress thatthe picture of reality is greatly improved ‘The writer fees it's questionable whether the picture is truly improved. 4d. The writer is not sure the reader understands the word, so draws attention to it 4, Who does the author citcize in paragraph J? a. cizen journals. © Big Brother . government leaders d. people wio alter photos When referring to visual language, what does the author mean by as with any language, there wil be thase who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists (paragraph 10? 2. [twill be most useful for shopping and for wrting beautiful poetry. ». Iwill be better because it can be used fo a variety of things. . Visual language has certain limitations compared to writen language, 4. Some people will use it for everyday things, and others for more creative things. 5. Match each paragraph with its main idea (a-e). 1. Paragraph A ® « a, More photojournalists are taking smartphone images ‘now and uploading them to social meta sites. 2. Paragraph + —_* b, Theeffect onus of the increasing number of photographs is still uncertain, 3. Paragraph E * _* c, When there are big or dramatic news stories, amateur ‘photographers often share the fist images with the public 4, Paragraph G © + d, Altering photos with camera apps can give viewers a misleading imoression about serious events such as wars, 5. Paragraph L* —_* e. Anyone can be an amateur photographer now because ‘Bhotos taken on smartphones ae almost as good as ‘photos taken on digital cameras.Understanding Words with Multiple Meanings Many words have more than one mearing, In some cases, the words may be afferent parts of Speech; fr example, a noun anda veto. They maybe different in mearing (2 slip of paper, to slip onthe ice), o similar (e, 0 score a goal, my goal in If) In each case, you may need Yo use dictionary to Understand a words exact meaning IDENTIFYING AL Scan paragraphs A-D in Reading A to find the words in bold below (1-6). MEANING aNAWaNS 8, Then choose the correct meaning (a orb) for each. 1. age 2. apetiod in history b. how old someone is 2 pretty a, quite b. attractive 3. appetite a. physical hunger b. astiong desire 4, act a. anaction b. to behave 5. second a. a 60thof aminute . number two ina series 6. course a, aclass b. the rection Read each of these excerpts from Reading A (1-4). Choose the sentence in ‘which the underlined word has the same meaning as the bold word, makes it easier to capture unguarded moments. (paragraph C) ' NASA. using space telescopes to help capture images of distant planets. b. The capture of the gang's leader should lead to less crime in the city. 2. Photojournalists using camera apps to cover wars... (paragraph G) 2. The local media will cover the results of the election. b. His photo appeared on the cover af a magazine 3... @result ofa series of decisions... (paragraph H) 1. There has been an unusual series of events b. What s the most ponuiar comic book series? 4... and what to leave in or out of the frame. (paragraph H) a It looked lke somebody was trying to frame him forthe thet. . Look in the camera frame and tell me what you se. Do you think news photographers should be allowed to use filters when publishing Images of serious subjects (e.g., wars)? What are the pros and cons of doing 50? Discuss with a partner and note your Pros: Cons: Your opinion Unit 1a 13,compieTion A. WoRDS NB, context WoRDFoaMs 14 unit 14 Circle the correct words to complete the paragraph below. Recent years have seen some ‘relevant / dramatic changes in photography. The availabilty of cell phones has allowed millons of people to “embrace / represent photography as a hob. Image-sharing apps allow anyone to share photos instantly / profoundly with fiends and followers online; some people become “tremendous / obsessed with capturing and documenting every detail of their lives. However, the populatity of image-sharing sites has aso raised some ‘obsessive / controversial isues—for example, when images ofan individual are widely shared without the person's knowledge. Complete each sentence with the correct answer (a or b). 1. A controversy invohes ‘among peopl. 1 agreement », disagreement 2. ifa photo represents a place, it____what the place stk. 2. shows . doesn't show 3. Ina democracy, ctizens — the right to vote a. have . don't have 4, Ifthe ideas in an old book are relevant today, they —____ matter. 1. nolonger ». stil 5, Ifyou feel a tremendous amount of pressure, you fel of pressure. 2 alot be. alte bit 6, Something that is profound is felt or experienced very a. briety ». strongly We can add -tc to some nouns to form adjectives (e.g., drama + -tic= dramatic). Complete the sentences below using the adjectives in the box. thetic democratic dramatic genetic ‘Appersons ___ ality for example, their speed and strenath—may be pany affected by __ factors, 2. Inthe 20th century, mary countries held their frst ___ elections. 3 In 2011, Amy Weston took a(n) _____ photo of a woman leaping to safety from a burning buildingBelow are some expressions she uses (1-5). What do you think they mean? Match each one with its definition (a-e) | smalltak * a, light conversatio put at ease b. addicted; obsessed by some miracle 4. extremely goor 1 2 3. hooked make people fee 4 5. natch . amazingly; surp What could be some challenges of being a professional photographer? Discuss with a partner. Then check your ideas {as you read the passage, Annie Griffiths has Se Uae ree ta eee re“Y JOURNEY m PHOTOGRAPHS BY ANDNDE ORIF FIT aSgot my frst ral job at age 12, asa waitress. am convinced that Tleamed more asa waitress than Lever did in a classroom. When Iwent on to college it also paid for and housing and—eventuall—a camera, But best of al, ‘being a waitress taught me to quickly assess and understand all kinds of people. I earned. hhow to make small talk and how to quickly put people at ease—great training fora journalist. ‘Waiting tables also taught me and service and humar. | From the moment I picked up a camera, I ‘was hooked. I ost interest in other studies, and all wanted to do was take pictures for the university newspaper, the Minnesota ‘Daily. tn six months, Iwas able to get a lot of ‘great experience. The week [finished college, ‘was contacted by the Worthington Daily Globe, a regional daily newspaper in southern ‘Minnesota with a history of excellence in photography. By some miracle [as hited, and the two-year experience that followed was like ‘a master class in photojournalism, Jim Vance was the top-notch publisher ofthe Globe, He had very high ofall the staff. With ttle or no instruction from him, vwritess and photographers were expected to fill the paper with stores that were important to our teaders I didn’t know itatthe time, but this independent reporting was perfect training for my future career. Among the most important things I learned at the Giabe was that ifyou can make frien with a shy Norwegian farmer and be invited to his Jtchen table, you can probably co well in any culture on Earth. worked with a wonderful vaiternamed Paul Gruchow. Together we ‘would search the farming communities for stories, Paul had grow up ona farm himself ‘and lived through personal tragedy, 0 he was able to ‘warmth and understanding to anyone he met, Farmers would invite us into their homes and willingly share their personal thoughts with us, From Paul Eleamed how to be a patient listener as wellas the importance of giving each subject ime and, attention,Pee een ean ted eon fee ere pcreTwas while Iwas working atthe Globe that happened to answer the phone one morning, A man’s voice asked, "You a photographer?” When replied that indeed I was, the voice responded, “This is Bob Gilka, [National Gengraphc. needa hal’ damage picture. You guys get a big, halstorm lastnight?” 1 ry nervousness and said "Yes, si.” ‘When he asked if could take te picture for him, I again si, “Yess.” | My tle picture of hal damage in southern Minnesota was well received, and a year late, I was warking for Bob—National Gengraphic's legendary dzector of photography. Thus began one ofthe most important relationships of my life Lessons on the Road 6 Twas the youngest photographer woking for National Gegaphic when Tanvedin 1978 and spent at least decade just tying nto make mistakes With ech ne agent ame the fen tht tis was going tobe the one whete they figured out that couldt do the job. H On many assignments, the most challenging part tobe the transportation. Over the years, I traveled by horse, car, train, truck, and all sorts of old vehicles. [traveled by mule® in Mexico, by ship along, the Indian Ocean, by fishing boat in the Sea of Galilee, by moped? in ‘Bermuda, by sailboat in Sydney. [flew in helicopters chasing bears in the Arctic, Twice, while flying in light planes, plots have had to make emergency landings fr from any aiport, Bu thece were also wonderful ‘experiences, In Africa I traveled by balloon, ultralight aircraft, and clephant. In a rubber raft off the west coast of Mexico, I was suddenly lifted out ofthe water on the back of a friendly whale, | Wherever I traveled in the world, taking beautiful pictures was always iy goal. However, later in my career, [also wanted my pictures to ‘make a real difference in people’ lives, That is why each spring I tour ‘two or three developing countries, shooting ‘of people whose lives are better because ofthe dedicated workers who care about them. ‘The photos are used ina variety of fund-raising products. The other ‘issue that stole my heart was the environment. With support from the ‘National Geographic Expeditions Council, Ihave traveled allover the United States to photograph the last one percent of wilderness left here, 1 Lam deeply grateful for my lf in photography and the amazing lessons ‘thas aught me. Ihave learned that women really do hold up half the sky that language i always necessary, but touch usually; that all people are not alike, but they do mostly have the same hopes and fears; that judging others does great harm, bu listening to them: ‘and that itis impossible to hate a group of people once you get to know one of them as an individual alls nal ball ce a al tom he hy Hea [Amul yes eee ean doe Amopedsatypct lly mor Unie 19PURPOSE sequence evan, erat MAIN Ea rpewniFyN TEAMING 20 unit 18 ‘A. Choose the best answer for each question. 41. What is the purpose of paragraph A? {2 to show how working asa waitress i similar to life as a photographer ». to explain how Griffiths first job helped prepare er for her future career . to compare Griffiths’ life before and ater being a waitress 4. to describe how Griffiths became interested in photography at college What happened after Grfths graduated from college? 2. She picked up a camera for the fist time. b. She began working a the Minnesota Day She got ajob at the Worthington Daily Globe. 4, She started teaching photography. '3. Which sentence does NOT describe Grifiths' job at the Globe? a. She received detailed instructions from her publisher, b. She learned how to be a patient Istener . The experience prepared her well for ajob at National Geographic. 3, She was expected to fil the paper with stories that readers wanted, 4, What kind of transportation challenge does Gifts mention? ‘a. having an accident ina fishing boat 'b. getting attacked by an elephant being forced to land ina remote place 4. getting ost in the ocean in a rubber raft 5. According to Griffiths, what has life as a photographer taught her? 2, that language is essential for communication '. that most people have very diferent hopes and fears that expressing an opinion is as important as listening 4. that it is important to get to know people as indvidvals ‘Scan the section "Lessons on the Road” to find the wards in bold below (1-6), ‘Then choose the correct meaning (a or b) for each. 11 spent 2, paid money for something _—b. passed time in a specific way 2. light a, not heawy ». pale; not dark 3. back a, rearsuface ofa body b. in the opposite direction 4. spring a. tosuddenlyjump forward __b, the season after winter 5. left a, went away b. remaining 6. once a. one tine only bassoon as; whenScanning for Information (1)—Short Answer Questions Scanning i an important sil for taking exams, but haw you approach scanning should depend on the question type. With short answer questions, for example, read each question carefully fist to determine the information you need. Check if there i a word limit foreach answer, Identify key words lin the questions, and think about what synonyms might be inthe text. Then scan to find the relevant parts of the text. Note that answers normally follow the order they appear inthe text. NAIVEING A. Read the questions below. What kind of answer will you need to scan for? Cirle a, bore 1. What kind of photographic equipment i Griffiths’ waitress job help pay for? a. an object », anumber © areason 2, For how long was Griffiths employed at the Worthington Dally Globe? a, aplece b. aspecific date «. atime period 3. What was Bob Gika’s role at National Geographic? 2. a person's name b. aplace &. ajeb title ‘4, Where did Grifiths travel by moped? 2. areason b. applace © a number 5. Why did Griffiths’ goals change later in her career? a. an example b. an acthity reason SCANNING B._Scan Reading B and write short answers to the questions above. 1 EF @ @& ~~ > Griffiths says she has learned that "women really do hold up half the sky.” What do you think she means by this? Discuss with a partner. > What examples can you think of that support her statement? Note some ideas below. Then share them with a partner. Unie 18 21COMPLETION A. Circle the correct words to complete the paragraph below. rs self. There are a few things to keep in mind when taking a sei, First, think about what emotion you want to convey. For example, do you want the Photo to "turn out / project love, sadness, or jay? Do you want it to look natural or perhaps more formal and posed? Decide on your location, and try ifferent angles and distances. Experiment with efferent camera features, Remember, though, that while new technologies may Zenrich / overcome your photo, you might prefer a simpler ?portrait / tuition, even one in biack and white. How your final sefie “overcomes / turns out wil ‘ 1s / portrait depend on a numberof factors DEFINTIONS 8, Match the words in the box with the definitions below. | enrich expecta sincere teamwork i to successfully deal witha problem 2 a beet that someone wl or shoud achieve something 2 honest: not pretending oF ing 4 payment fr instruction, especialy in a colege or uiversty s the effort of people working together to get something done fe 10 improve or make beter WORDWE3_C. Complete the word web with synonyms of thus. Use a thesaurus to help you if necessary. 22 Unit 18University students in Dubai, photographed by Annie Grifiths BEFORE YOU WATCH DISCUSSION A. You are going to watch an interview with Annie Griffiths. Discuss these PREDICTING questions with a partner. 1. Based on the information in Reading B and the photo above, what kinds of photos do you think Griffiths likes to take? 2. What do you think Grifiths hopes to achieve with her photography? Read these extracts from the video. What words do you think are missing? Discuss with a partner and camplete the sentences with your guesses. Use one word for each blank. think our kids also understand that people allover the world are that you don't assume that they are going to be 1 ame as we are. But then if you {g9 into each culture open, and look? in the eye, and observe and your'e going to make __ “(Photography is] a wonder, tertile ob because you get this *__to.go out and ot but then you're supposed to do it* __ than ts evr been done before Video 23Gist A. Watch the video. Check your guesses in Before You Watch B. Are they correct or mun cote similar to what Annie Grifiths says in the video? |. Watch the video again. Choose the correct answer for each question. 1. What did Griffiths want to be before she got interested in photography? a. awriter ». a painter 2. What benefit did Grifiths' daughter gan from the fami’ travels? 2, She can speak several languages. ». She is now a confident traveler, 3. What tip does Grfths give for immersing yourself ina different culture? a, staying away from tourist hotspots, respecting the local way of life ‘4. According to Gifts, what is one of the mast inspirational parts about photography? 4, It gives you the opportunity to be creative anc grow atsticaly, b. A goad photo can help shape or change public opinion, (ENENRISIINTT ities says 2 photography class had a strong impact on her. ‘Answer these questions and then share with a partner. > Name a class or learning experience that strongly affected you. > Inwhat ways did it affect or change you? Do you remember the meanings of these words? Check (/) the ones you know. Look back at the Unit and review any words you're not sure of Reading A Di controversy C1 democracy C1 dramatics ~—- 1 embrace Oi instantly O profound = Clrelevant= C1 represent 1 tremendous Dlespectation Clovercome C1 portrait Oi projects Di teamwork — C1 thus D tuition D tum out