Data Analysis in Excel

1
 • You shall learn the fundamentals of

By the End
Statistical Analysis.

• You shall understand the various

of This measures of central tendency and the

measures of spread.

Session: • You will learn how to perform various

types of analysis using the above
measures.

• You will learn to create and analyze pivot

tables.
3

What Have We Learned So Far?

• Fundamentals of Excel

• Multiple components of the Excel toolbar

• Use of Formula Bar

• Creating dynamic formulae using cell references and cell range

• Using and manipulating cell name ranges

• Multiple ways of formatting rows, columns and datatypes

• Variety of functions for text and date columns

Introduction to Statistical Analysis
Introduction to Statistics

Statistics is the science of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data.

Types of Data

Categorical
Real-world Application of Statistics
Types of Statistical Analysis

Statistical Analysis

Descriptive Analysis Inferential

Predictive Analysis Prescriptive Analysis
Analysis

Measures of Central
Hypothesis Testing Statistical Algorithms
Tendency

Machine Learning
Measures of Spread Confidence Intervals
Poll Time

a. Descriptive Analysis

b. Prescriptive Analysis

c. Inferential Analysis

d. Predictive Analysis
Measures of Central Tendencies
Measures of Central Tendencies

Measures of central tendency summarize the center or average value of a dataset.

Mean

Median

Mode
Introduction to Mean

• It is sensitive to extreme values in the data.

𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 =
𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠
Introduction to Median

• Unlike the mean, the median is not sensitive to outliers.

[10, 3, 5, 2, 8, 1, 7] [1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10] [1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10]

Introduction to Mode

• The mode is the value that appears most frequently in the dataset.

a: 3
[a, b, a, c, d, a, b, d]
c: 1 a
Hands-on – Measures of Central
Tendency in Excel
Poll Time

a. True

b. False

c. Depends on the use-case

Measures of Spread
Introduction to Range

• It is calculated by subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value in the

• The range gives an idea of the spread but is influenced by outliers.

Max: 10
Range = Max –
[10, 3, 5, 2, 8, 1, 7]

Min: 1
Introduction to Interquartile Range

• It is calculated as the difference between the third quartile (Q3) and the first
quartile (Q1) of the dataset.

• The IQR is resistant to outliers and provides a measure of variability within the

Q1: 2.5
[10, 3, 5, 2, 8, 1, [1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, IQR = Q3 – Q1 =
7, 9] 6

Q3: 8.5
Introduction to Standard Deviation

• The Standard Deviation measures the average deviation of a data point from it’s

Sum of squared deviations from the mean

Standard Deviation =
(Number of observations − 1)
Poll Time

Q. Which of the following is not true about IQR?

a. IQR is not affected by outliers

b. IQR is the difference between Q2 and Q1

c. IQR is the difference between Q3 and Q1

d. IQR is a measure of spread

Hands-on – Calculating Range,
IQR, and SD
Exercise

Using the insurance data perform the below analysis:

• Find out the most frequent age of the customers.

• Calculate the standard deviation in the premiums paid by the customers of the
above age group.

• Determine the difference in the average premiums between male and female
customers.
Poll Time

a. Range

b. IQR

c. Variance

d. Standard Deviation
Other Functions in Excel
Introduction to Dependent Dropdown List

•
Creating a Dependent Dropdown List

Step 1: Set up the Data Step 2: Create Name Ranges

Creating a Dependent Dropdown List

Step 3: Create the First Dropdown

Creating a Dependent Dropdown List

Step 4: Create the Second Dropdown

Poll Time

Q. Which of the below function is used to create a dependent

a. Unique ()

b. Concatenate ()

c. Direct ()

d. Indirect ()
Introduction to Filters in Excel

• Filtering in Excel allows you to quickly analyze and manipulate data by

• Filters help you sort and narrow down data based on specific criteria.
Using Filters

Step 1: Select the Data Step 2: Apply the Filter

Using Filters

Step 3: Filter the column

Poll Time

Q. Which of the below options are incorrect about filtering?

a. Filter option is available in the Data Tab

b. Filter option is available in the Home Tab

c. Filter option is available in the Formula Tab

d. Converting raw data to tables sets filters to each column

automatically
Pivot Tables in Excel
Introduction to Pivot Tables in Excel

•
of data quickly and efficiently.

• They provide a flexible and powerful tool for data analysis and reporting.
Example of Pivot Table Analysis
Smoking Rate across Age Groups
How to Perform Pivot Table Analysis

Step 1: Select the Data Step 2: Create a Pivot Table

How to Perform Pivot Table Analysis

Step 3: Choose the Destination

How to Perform Pivot Table Analysis
Step 4: Designing the Pivot Table Step 6: Customize the Pivot Table
Hands-on: Conducting Data Analysis in
Excel
Poll Time

Q. Which of the following shelves are not a part of the Pivot Table

a. Cell

b. Column

c. Value

d. Row
Summary

Central tendency summarizes the center or average value of a dataset.

Measures of Spread quantify the variability or spread of values in a

dataset.

Dependent dropdown lists are useful when you have related or

hierarchical data that you want to organize and select from.

Filters help you sort, and narrow down data based on specific criteria.

Pivot Tables allow you to summarize and analyze large amounts of

data quickly and efficiently.
Activity 1

Pre-requisites:
• MS Excel
• WorkOrders.xlsx

Scenario:
You have been given an Excel file containing details for several work
orders taken up by a company. Perform the following analysis on the
given dataset:
• Create a new table that contains the valid number of technicians
allowed for each service type, as shown below.

Serive Type
Assess Deliver Install Repair Replace
1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
3 3
Activity 2

Pre-requisites:
• MS Excel
• WorkOrders.xlsx

Scenario:
You have been given an Excel file containing details for several work
orders taken up by a company. Perform the following analysis on the
given dataset:
• Using the table created in the previous activity, create named ranges
for each service type such that each range contains the respective
technician counts.
Activity 3

Pre-requisites:
• MS Excel
• WorkOrders.xlsx

Scenario:
You have been given an Excel file containing details for several work
orders taken up by a company. Perform the following analysis on the
given dataset:
• Create a data validation over the existing “Techs” column such that the
value in each row is as per the structure defined in the table created in
activity 1.
Activity 4

Pre-requisites:
• MS Excel
• WorkOrders.xlsx

Scenario:
You have been given an Excel file containing details for several work
orders taken up by a company. Perform the following analysis on the
given dataset:
• Create a pivot table that contains the total revenue and count of
services done across all service categories for various technician
counts.
 Next session:
Mastering Advanced Excel: Macros, Data
Validation, and Dashboard Creation
 Mastering Advanced Excel:
Macros, Data Validation, and
Dashboard Creation

5
Hope you

• You shall automate repetitive Excel tasks

using macros.

• You shall learn the fundamentals of VBA to

modify, debug and write macros.

• You will set constraints on your raw data.

• You will create informative dashboards to

summarize your analysis.

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What Have We Learned So Far?

• We’ve understood the fundamentals of Statistical Analysis.

• We’ve learned the various measures of central tendency and the measures of spread.

• We’ve learned the use of dependent dropdown lists.

• We’ve learned the use of filters in Excel.

• We’ve learned to create and use pivot tables to analyze raw data.
Poll Time

a. Dropdown lists that rely on external data sources

b. Dropdown lists that automatically update based on the user's

input

c. Dropdown lists that dynamically change based on the

selection in another dropdown

d. Dropdown lists that display values randomly selected from a list

Macros and VBA
Introduction to Macros and VBA

• A macro is a set of instructions or code that automates tasks in Excel.

•

Why Macros?

Efficiency Consistency
Use Case of Macros

Reports

Chart

Report

Data
Manipulation
Recording Macros

Step 1: Enable the Developer Tab

Recording Macros
Step 2: Click on Record Macro button
 Recording Macros

Step 3: Click on Stop Recording once done

Pop Quiz

Q. Which of the following macro techniques in Excel allows you to write and
customize VBA code for creating advanced automation and functionality?

a. Macro Recording

b. Macro Execution

c. Macro Debugging

d. Custom Macro Creation

Pop Quiz

Q. Which of the following macro techniques in Excel allows you to write and
customize VBA code for creating advanced automation and functionality?

a. Macro Recording

b. Macro Execution

c. Macro Debugging

d. Custom Macro Creation

Hands-on: Writing and Debugging
a Simple VBA Code
Advanced Data Validation
Introduction to Advanced Data Validation

• Data validation is a feature in Excel that helps control and restrict the type of data that
can be entered into a cell.
• It ensures data accuracy, consistency, and integrity by setting specific rules and criteria
for data entry.

Creating dependent dropdown lists using data

validation.

Using formulas in data validation rules for

dynamic validation.

Applying data validation across multiple

worksheets or workbooks.
Using Formulas in Data Validation Rules

Insert the custom formula in

the “Formula” box.
Pop Quiz

Q. Which of the following Excel formulas can be used for creating formula-based

a. =AVERAGE()

b. =VLOOKUP()

c. =COUNTIF()

d. =SUM()
Pop Quiz

Q. Which of the following Excel formulas can be used for creating formula-based

a. =AVERAGE()

b. =VLOOKUP()

c. =COUNTIF()

d. =SUM()
Hands-on - Using Formulas in
Validation Rules
Poll Time

a. Data validation ensures data encryption and security in Excel files

b. Data validation helps in generating random data for statistical analysis

in Excel

c. Data validation restricts and validates the type and values entered

into cells in Excel

d. Data validation automatically calculates and summarizes data in Excel

spreadsheets
Exercise
In the “Work Order” dataset, create a formula-based data validation in the PartsCost column to
allow only positive values in the column.

PartsCost
$90.04
$35.10
$832.16
$938.00
$240.00
$120.00
$341.00
$155.39
$204.28
$535.62
$43.26
Poll Time

Q. Which of the following Excel formulas is used to count the number of cells in

a. =COUNTIF()

b. =COUNT()

c. =SUMIF()

d. =SUM()
Introduction to Excel Dashboards
Introduction to Excel Dashboards

•
Business Use Case - Dashboard
Pop Quiz

a. To make the dashboard visually appealing

b. To showcase advanced Excel skills

c. To present data in a concise and meaningful way

d. To add interactivity and dynamic features

Hands-on – Building Dashboards
Pop Quiz

a dropdown list of options based on values from another range?

a. Whole number validation

b. Text length validation

c. List validation

d. Date/Time validation
Summary

We understood the use of Macros and VBA in automating repetitive tasks in

excel.

We learnt some advanced data validation techniques such as dependent

dropdown lists and formula-based data validation.

We created a dashboard to sum up our analysis and present it in a concise

manner.
Activity 1

Pre-requisites:
• MS Excel
• Insurance.xlsx

Scenario:
You are given an Excel file containing insurance premiums for multiple
customers.

Record a macro while performing the following analysis on the dataset:

• Create a new column called Total Insured, which contains the total
number of people covered under each policy.
• Calculate the premium paid per head by dividing the Expense column
and the Total Insured column.
Activity 2

Pre-requisites:
• MS Excel
• Insurance.xlsx

Scenario:
You are given an Excel file containing insurance premiums for multiple
customers.

Create the below-mentioned data validation on the respective columns:

• Ensure that the Age of customers lies between 18 – 80.
• Ensure that the gender column contains one of male, female, and
others.
• Ensure that the BMI and expenses columns contain positive values.
• Ensure that the smoker column contains either a yes or a no.
Activity 3

Pre-requisites:
• MS Excel
• Insurance.xlsx

Scenario:
You are given an Excel file containing insurance premiums for multiple
customers.

Create a dashboard that contains the following charts:

• Line chart depicting the relation between the average premium per
head and age.
• Bar chart containing the fraction of male and female population who
smoke.
• Pie chart depicting the count of people who smoke in each region.
Thank you.