UNIT 2 VR MODELING

Modeling
Modeling in virtual reality (VR) refers to the process of creating digital 3D
representations of objects, environments, or entire scenes within a virtual
reality context. This modeling process involves the creation, design, and
optimization of 3D assets that can be used to populate and enhance VR
experiences.

Geometric modeling
It defines about the shape of virtual objects ( polygons, triangles, vertices,
splines ) as well as their appearance (surface texture, surface illumination and
colour).
Consist of
1.Virtual object shape
 Using toolkit editor
 Importing a CAD Files
 Creating surfaces with 3d Digitizer
 Creating Surfaces with 3D scanner
 Using Online 3d object database
2. Object visual Appearance
 Scene Illumination
 Texture mapping
1. Virtual object shape:
.

Using toolkit editor

A toolkit or editor for geometric modeling in virtual reality (VR) is a software
application or environment that provides tools and features to create,
manipulate, and optimize 3D objects and environments specifically designed
for VR experiences. These tools are essential for designers, artists, and
developers working on VR content creation.
OpenGL is a low-level graphics API commonly used for rendering 3D
graphics, including geometric modeling, in various applications, including
virtual reality (VR). However, OpenGL itself is not a toolkit or editor; it's a
programming interface. To create a toolkit or editor for geometric modeling in
OpenGL for VR, you'd typically need to build a custom application or use a
combination of libraries and frameworks.
Importing CAD files

Creating surfaces with 3d Digitizer:

 Creating surfaces with a 3D digitizer in geometric modeling for virtual

reality is the method of using a specialized 3D scanning device to capture
the shape and surface details of physical objects or scenes in the real world.
 The collected data is then processed and transformed into a digital 3D
surface model that can be imported and interacted with in a VR
environment, allowing users to experience and interact with real-world
objects and settings virtually.
Creating Surfaces with 3D scanner:
 Creating surfaces with a 3D scanner in geometric modeling for virtual
reality is the process of using a specialized 3D scanning device to capture
the physical shape, structure, and surface details of real-world objects or
environments.
 This captured data is then transformed into a digital 3D representation,
often in the form of a polygonal mesh or point cloud, which can be
integrated into a virtual reality environment. This enables users to interact
 with and experience physical objects and spaces within the virtual realm,
providing a realistic and immersive virtual reality experience.
Using Online 3d object database:
An online 3D object database is a web-based repository that stores and
provides access to a diverse range of 3D models and objects. These models can
be used by virtual reality developers and designers to incorporate pre-designed
3D assets into their VR projects, saving time and effort in the content creation
process.

2.Object visual Appearance

 Scene Illumination
Texture Mapping
KINEMATICS MODELING
Kinematics modeling in virtual reality involves the mathematical and
computational representation of the motion, positioning, and interactions of
objects, characters, or entities within a virtual environment. It encompasses the
creation of algorithms and models that dictate how these elements move, rotate,
and interact with one another and the virtual world, enabling a more immersive
and accurate simulation of real-world physics and dynamics in the virtual realm.

Consist of:
 Transformation matrices
 Object position
 Transformation Invariants
 Object hierarchies
 Viewing the 3d world

Transformation matrices
Transformation matrices are used to represent and manipulate the position,
orientation, and motion of objects or entities within a virtual environment.
Transformation matrices/ Homogeneous transformations can represent
translation (movement), rotation (orientation change), and scaling (size change)
operations. These operations allow you to position and manipulate objects in
3D space.
Object position
Kinematics modeling of object position in virtual reality refers to the
mathematical and computational techniques used to represent, manipulate, and
control the precise location and movement of virtual objects or entities within a
virtual environment. This modeling involves the use of mathematical
transformations, matrices, and algorithms to determine the 3D positions of
objects, allowing for realistic positioning, animation, and interaction within the
virtual world. It is a fundamental aspect of creating immersive and interactive
virtual reality experiences where the spatial relationships and movements of
virtual objects closely mimic real-world physics and behavior.
Transformation Invariants
It refers to specific properties or attributes of objects within a virtual
environment that remain unchanged or constant when those objects undergo
various transformations. These transformations can include translations
(movement), rotations (orientation changes), and scalings (size changes). The
concept of transformation invariants is crucial for maintaining realism,
consistency, and the preservation of certain physical or geometric
characteristics in virtual reality simulations. These invariants help ensure that
objects within the virtual world behave in a predictable and physically accurate
manner, enhancing the overall user experience.
Object hierarchies
Viewing the 3d world
Viewing a three-dimensional world in kinematics modeling for virtual reality
refers to the process of representing and controlling how a user perceives and
interacts with a computer-generated 3D environment within the context of
virtual reality (VR). This involves dynamically updating the user's viewpoint
and perspective in response to their head movements and other interactions,
creating the illusion of immersion in a 3D digital space. In essence, it's about
simulating and managing the user's point of view to provide a realistic and
interactive VR experience.
PHYSICAL MODELING
Physical modeling in virtual reality is the process of emulating real-
world physical laws, properties, and behaviors within a digital VR environment.
It involves the mathematical and computational simulation of forces, motions,
interactions, and dynamics, enabling virtual objects and entities to respond
realistically to user actions, environmental conditions, and simulated physical
forces.

It consists of :
 Collision Detection
 Surface deformation
 Force computation
 Force smoothing and mapping
Collision Detection
It is the computational technique used to detect and respond to
interactions between virtual objects or entities within a virtual environment. It
involves algorithms and calculations to identify instances where objects
intersect or make contact, enabling the simulation to respond with appropriate
reactions, such as preventing overlap, triggering sound effects, or initiating
physical responses like bouncing or breaking.
Surface deformation

It involves the dynamic alteration of the appearance and geometry of

surfaces or objects within a VR environment. This deformation can result
from factors such as applied forces, impacts, stretching, bending, or
interactions with virtual entities or users.
Force computation

Force computation refers to the process of calculating and simulating the

physical forces that act on objects within a virtual environment. This includes
the application of forces like gravity, friction, collision forces, and user
interactions to create a realistic and immersive experience for users in the
virtual world.
Elastic Virtual objects:
Elastic virtual objects in physical modeling for virtual reality refer to
digital representations of objects within a virtual environment that exhibit
elastic or deformable properties similar to real-world materials. These objects
are designed to simulate how materials like rubber, cloth, or springs respond to
forces, such as stretching, compression, or bending, in a realistic and
interactive manner. In virtual reality applications, they provide users with a
sense of touch and interaction with objects that behave as if they were made of
elastic materials, enhancing the overall immersion and realism of the virtual
experience.
Plastic Virtual objects:
Refer to digital representations of objects within a virtual environment
that exhibit properties similar to plastic or rigid materials. These objects are
designed to simulate how materials like hard plastics, metals, or ceramics
behave when subjected to forces, such as impact, deformation, or rigid
structure.
Virtual wall
A virtual wall in physical modeling for virtual reality is a digital
boundary or barrier created within a virtual environment. It is designed to
simulate the presence of an obstacle or boundary that users can interact with or
encounter in the virtual world. Virtual walls can serve various purposes, such
as defining the limits of a virtual space, preventing users from moving beyond
certain areas, or providing haptic feedback when touched or approached.
Force smoothing and mapping
BEHAVIOURAL MODELING
Behavior modeling in virtual reality (VR) is the process of creating
digital representations or algorithms that simulate the actions, movements,
and interactions of objects, characters, or entities within a virtual
environment. This modeling aims to replicate real-world behaviors and
responses to various stimuli, enabling a more immersive and realistic VR
experience. It involves defining how virtual elements, such as characters,
objects, or physical phenomena, behave in response to user actions or the
virtual environment's dynamics, enhancing the overall sense of presence
and engagement in VR simulations and applications.
MODEL MANAGEMENT
Model management in virtual reality (VR) refers to the systematic
organization, storage, retrieval, and manipulation of 3D models and assets used
within a virtual environment. It encompasses the processes and techniques
involved in handling 3D objects, characters, textures, and other digital assets
that contribute to the creation and rendering of a realistic and immersive VR
experience.
It is necessary to maintain interactivity and constant frame rates when
rendering complex models.Several techniques exist:
 Level of detail segmentation
 Cell segmentation
 Offline computations
 Lighting and bump mapping at rendering stage
 Portals
Level of detail segmentation
Relates to the number of polygons on the object”s surface. Even if
the object has high complexity, its detail may not be visible if the object is
too far from virtual camera (observer).
Static level of detail management:
Then we should use a simplified version of the object (fewer polgons),
when it is far from the camera.
Approaches:
 Discrete geometry LOD
 Alpha LOD
 Geometric morphing LOD
Cell segmentation
 Another method of Model management, used in architectural
walk-through.
 To maintain “Virtual building” illusion it is necessary to have
atleast 6 fps.
 Necessary to maintain interactivity and constant frame rates
when rendering complex models.