Classification

LOGICAL REASONING

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Classification
The group of various objects on the basis of their most similar properties is known as Classification. In this
section a group of objects is given and aspirants have to classify the wrong/correct object.

Letter Based Classification

In this section, A group of letters or words are given in a certain similarities between them. You have to find
out the similarities between them and choose the wrong/correct alternatives from the given group.

The most common operation used are:

I. Addition/Subtraction/Multiplication/Reverse with the constant letters:

Example:

Choose the odd one from given alternatives:

EHG PSR MPQ BED

Here, E(5) + 3 = H(8), H(8) – 1 = G,

P(16) + 3 = S(19), S(19) – 1 = R(18),

M(13) + 3 = P(16), P(16) + 1 = Q(17),

B(2) + 3 = E(5), E(5) – 1 = D(4),

Hence, MPQ are odd here.

II. General Knowledge based classification:

Example:

Choose the word which is least like the other words in the group.

Tiger Lion Leopard Cow

In this group of words, all animals are carnivorous but cow is herbivorous.

Hence, the correct answer is Cow.

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III. Unit/Measurement/Group of Family:

Example:

Choose the odd pair.

Volume : Litre Time : Seconds Length : Meter Pressure : Barometer

Here, the second pair is the unit to measure the first one but in option 4, barometer is the instrument to
measure pressure.

Hence, the correct answer is Pressure : Barometer.

IV. Country/State and Capital/Currency:

Example:

Choose the odd pair.

Nepal : Kathmandu Vietnam : Hanoi Afghanistan : Kabul India : Rupees

Here, all the given pair is Country and Capital except India : Delhi is the capital of India.

Hence, the correct answer is India : Rupees.

Q. In the following question, find the odd one from the given alternatives.

Netherland Brunei Croatia Serbia

A. Solution:

Netherland, Croatia and Serbia are European countries.

Hence, Brunei is the odd one from the given alternative

Q. In the following question, find the odd one from the given alternatives.

NM BD IR PK

A. Solution:

The logic followed is:

1) NM → N is opposite of M in the alphabetical series

2) BD → There is one letter C between B and D

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3) IR → I is opposite of R in the alphabetical series

4) PK → P is opposite of K in the alphabetical series

Hence, BD is the odd one.

Number Based Classification

In this section, A group of Digits/Numbers are given in a certain similarities between them. You have to find
out the similarities between them and choose the wrong/correct alternatives from the given group.

The most common operation used are:

I. Addition/Subtraction/Multiplication with the constant numbers:

Example:

Choose the number pair which is different from others in the group:

8 : 16 12 : 20 23 : 29 42 : 50

Here, 8 + 8 = 16,

12 + 8 = 20,

23 + 6 = 29,

42 + 8 = 50,

Hence, 23 : 29 is the odd pair.

II. Even/Odd/Prime Numbers:

Choose the number which is different from others in the group:

13 17 23 27

Here, All the given numbers are prime numbers except option 4.

Hence, the correct answer is 27.

III. Square/Cube/Sum of the numbers:

Example:

Choose the number which is different from others in the group:

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12 : 144 18 : 324 8 : 64 6 : 216

Here, 122 = 144,

182 = 324,

82 = 64,

63 = 216,

Hence, 6 : 216 is the odd here.

Q. Three of the following four number-pairs are alike in a certain way and one is different. Pick the odd pair
out

100, 25 90, 18 150, 30 60, 12

A. 1

Solution:

The pattern followed here is:

18 × 5 = 90

30 × 5 = 150

12 × 5 = 60

But

25 × 4 = 100.

Hence, ‘100, 25’ is the odd pair.

Q. Select the odd number pair from the given alternatives.

666 676 558 144

A. 2.

Solution:

1) 666 → 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 (1 + 8) → 9

2) 676 → 6 + 7 + 6 = 19 (1 + 9) → 1

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3) 558 → 5 + 5 + 8 = 18 (1 + 8) → 9

4) 144 → 1 + 4 + 4 = 9

Here, sum of digits of all three numbers is same i.e. 9 while sum of digits of 676 is 1.

Hence, 676 is the odd number

Miscellaneous Classification
In this section, A group of both digits and numbers are given in a certain similarities between them. You have
to find out the similarities between them and choose the wrong/correct alternatives from the given group.

The most common operation used are:

Addition/Subtraction/Multiplication with the constant letters:

Example:

In the question given below find the odd one form the given responses.

78I K12M N15P 56F

Considering positional values from the table

(1) 78I ⇒ 7 = G; 8 = H, GHI is in alphabetical order

(2) K12M ⇒ 12 = L, KLM is in alphabetical order

(3) N15P ⇒ 15 = O, NOP is in alphabetical order

(4) 56F ⇒ 5 = E; 6 = F, EFF is not in alphabetical order.

Hence, 56F is the odd one.

Q. In the question given below find the odd one form the given responses.

45F 20U22 89J 19V21

A. 4

Solution:

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Considering positional values from the table

(1) 45F ⇒ 4 = D; 5 = E, DEF is in alphabetical order

(2) 20U22 ⇒ 20 = T; 22 = V, TUV is in alphabetical order

(3) 89J ⇒ 8 = H; 9 = I, HIJ is in alphabetical order

(4) 19V21 ⇒ 19 = S; 21 = U, SVU is not in alphabetical order hence this is odd One

Hence, 19V21 is the odd one.

Q. In the question given below find the odd one form the given responses.

B2E3I I3M4R P4U5A A5G8Q

A. 4

Solution:

(1) B2E3I ⇒ There are 2 letters between B and E, and there are 3 letters between E and I.

(2) I3M4R ⇒ There are 3 letters between I and M, and there are 4 letters between M and R.

(3) P4U5A ⇒ There are 4 letters between P and U, and there are 5 letters between U and A.

(4) A5G8Q ⇒ There are 5 letters between A and G, and there are 9 letters between G and Q.

Hence, A5G8Q is the odd one.

Image Based Classification

In this section, A group of images are given in a certain similarities between them. You have to find out the
similarities between them and choose the wrong/correct image from the given group.

Q. Find the odd one out:

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A. Figure A, B and C are water image of 5, 3 and 6. Whereas, in figure D normal image of number 7 is given.

Hence, option D is the correct answer.

Q. Find the odd one out:

A. All option except ‘B’ has one of the images shaded, while option B has no image shaded.

Hence, option B is the correct answer.

Some Important Questions

Q. Three of the given four numbers are alike in a certain way while one is different. Choose odd one out.

1. 32 : 456

2. 16 : 128

3. 14 : 98

4. 24 : 288

Answer: 1

Solution:

The logic followed is:

Option (1): 32 : 456

456 ≠ 32 × (32 ÷ 2)

456 ≠ 32 × (16)

456 ≠ 512

Option (2): 16 : 128

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128 = 16 × (16 ÷ 2)

128 = 16 × 8

128 = 128

Option (3): 14 : 98

98 = 14 × (14 ÷ 2)

98 = 14 × 7

98 = 98

Option (4): 24 : 288

288 = 24 × (24 ÷ 2)

288 = 24 × 12

288 = 288

Here, we can see that logic of Option (1) is different than the other options.

Hence, Option (1) is correct

Q. Four number-pairs have been given, out of which three are alike in some manner and one is different.
Select the number-pair that is different.

1. 6 : 26

2. 5 : 24

3. 8 : 34

4. 7 : 30

Answer: 2

Solution:

The logic is here is:

(1st number × 4) + 2 = 2nd number.

Option (1): 6 ∶ 26

Now, follow the logic:

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(6 × 4) + 2 = 24 + 2 = 26 = 2nd number

This option follows the pattern.

Option (2): 5 : 24

Now, follow the logic:

(5 × 4) + 2 = 20 + 2 = 22 ≠ 2nd number

This option do not follow the pattern.

Option (3): 8 : 34

Now, follow the logic:

(8 × 4) + 2 = 32 + 2 = 34 = 2nd number

This option follows the pattern.

Option (4): 7 : 30

Now, follow the logic:

(7 × 4) + 2 = 28 + 2 = 30 = 2nd number

This option follows the pattern.

Hence, pair “5 : 24” is an odd one.

Q. Four letter-clusters have been given, out of which three are alike in some manner and one is different.
Select the letter-cluster that is different.

1. RVEK

2. NRIP

3. GKPV

4. CGTZ

Answer: 2

Solution:

Table show alphabet serial number –

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The pattern followed is,

All follow the same pattern, except ‘NRIP’.

Hence, “NRIP” is the odd one

Q. Select the number-pair in which the two numbers share a different relationship from that shared by the
two numbers in the rest of the number-pairs.

1. (36, 353)

2. (64, 729)

3. (25, 216)

4. (49, 512)

Answer: 1

Solution:

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The logic followed here is:

1st number, (√1st number + 1)3

Option 1 → (36, 353)

=> (1st number, (√1st number + 1)3)

=> (36, (√36 + 1)3)

=> (36, (6 + 1)3)

=> (36, 73)

=> (36, 343)

But given option is (36, 353)

So, this option don’t follow the pattern

Option 2 → (64, 729)

=> (1st number, (√1st number + 1)3)

=> (64, (√64 + 1)3)

=> (64, (8 + 1)3)

=> (64, 93)

=> (64, 729)

So, this option follows the pattern

Option 3 → (25, 216)

=> (1st number, (√1st number + 1)3)

=> (25, (√25 + 1)3)

=> (25, (5 + 1)3)

=> (25, 63)

=> (25, 216)

So, this option follows the pattern

Option 4 → (49, 512)

=> (1st number, (√1st number + 1)3)

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=> (49, (√49 + 1)3)

=> (49, 83)

=> (49, 512)

So, this option follows the pattern

Hence, the correct answer is "(36, 353)".

Q. Four words have been given, out of which three are alike in some manner and one is different. Select the
word that is different.

1. Ophthalmology

2. Myology

3. Ecology

4. Dermatology

Answer: 3

Solution:

The logic followed here is:-

Ophthalmology, Myology, and Dermatology are terms related to medical terms but Ecology is related to the
study of the field.

Option 1: Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of disorders and
diseases of the eye.

Option 2: Myology is the study of the structure, arrangement, and action of muscles.

Option 3: Dermatology is the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of skin
disorders.

Option 4: Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to
their physical surrounding.

Hence, "option 3" is the correct answer.

Q. Select the option in which the numbers are related in the same way as are the numbers of the following
set.

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(4, 10, 53)

1. (7, 20, 103)

2. (5, 13, 62)

3. (7, 19, 98)

4. (11, 31, 152)

Answer: 3

Solution:

Given: (4, 10, 53)

The logic followed here is:

The first number × 3 - 2 = second number

The second number × 5 + 3 = third number

(4, 10, 53) → 4 × 3 - 2 = 12 - 2 = 10, 10 × 5 + 3 = 50 + 3 = 53

By checking options:

(1) (7, 20, 103) → 7 × 3 - 2 = 21 - 2 = 19 ≠ 20

(2) (5, 13, 62) → 5 × 3 - 2 = 15 - 2 = 13, 13 × 5 + 3 = 65 + 3 = 68 ≠ 62

(3) (7, 19, 98) → 7 × 3 - 2 = 21 - 2 = 19, 19 × 5 + 3 = 95 + 3 = 98

(4) (11, 31, 152) → 11 × 3 - 2 = 33 - 2 = 31, 31 × 5 + 3 = 155 + 3 = 158 ≠ 152

Hence, (7, 19, 98) is the correct answer.

Q. Select the image that is not related to the given series-

1. D

2. C

3. B

4. A
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Answer: 1

Solution:

The logic followed here is:-

 In figure A, the pentagon (Five lines) has five dots inside the pentagon,

 in figure B, the triangle (three lines) has three dots inside the triangle,

 in figure C, the square (four lines) has four dots inside the square,

 but in figure D, the square (four lines) has only two dots.

So, figure D is different from others.

Hence, "option 1" is the correct answer.

Q. Which of the following picture is different from the rest?

1. D

2. C

3. B

4. A

Answer: 1

Solution:

The logic followed here is:-

 Figures A, B, and C have 5-pointed stars inside them.

 Figure D has a 6-pointed star.

So, figure D is different from the rest.

Hence, "option 2" is the correct answer.

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Q. Three of the following four letter-cluster pairs are alike in a certain way and one is different.

1. FIST : IFTS

2. LIMB : BMIL

3. PORT : TROP

4. MODE : EDOM

Answer: 1

Solution:

The logic followed here is:

From option 1:-

From option 2:-

From option 3:-

From option 4:-

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Option 1 is different from others.

Hence, "option 1" is the correct answer.

Q. Select the option in which the numbers are related in the same way as are the numbers of the following
set.

(15, 315, 7)

1. (14, 197, 4)

2. (11, 188, 6)

3. (18, 486, 9)

4. (17, 401, 12)

Answer: 3

Solution:

Given: (15, 315, 7)

The logic followed here is:

(15, 315, 7) → 15 × (7 × 3) = 15 × 21 = 315

Now, by checking options:

(1) (14, 197, 4) → 14 × (4 × 3) = 14 × 12 = 168 ≠ 197

(2) (11, 188, 6) → 11 × (6 × 3) = 11 × 18 = 198 ≠ 188

(3) (18, 486, 9) → 18 × (9 × 3) = 18 × 27 = 486

(4) (17, 401, 12) → 17 × (12 × 3) = 17 × 36 = 612 ≠ 401

Hence, (18, 486, 9) is the correct answer.

Q. Select the options in which the numbers are related in the same way as are the numbers of the following
set.

(541, 14, 737)

1. (832, 8, 895)

2. (697, 13, 866)

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3. (635, 18, 924)

4. (432, 25, 1108)

Answer: 2

Solution:

Given: (541, 14, 737)

The logic followed here is:

(541, 14, 737) → 737 - 541 = 196 → √196 =14

Now, by checking options:

(1) (832, 8, 895) → 895 - 832 = 63 → √63 ≠ 8

(2) (697, 13, 866) → 866 - 697 = 169 → √169 = 13

(3) (635, 18, 924) → 924 - 635 = 289 → √289 = 17 ≠ 18

(4) (432, 25, 1108) → 1108 - 432 = 676 → √676 = 26 ≠ 25

Hence, (697, 13, 866) is the correct answer.

Q. Which of the following figures can be removed so that all, starting from I, fit into a pattern?

1. IV

2. III

3. II

4. V

Answer: 2

Solution:

The logic followed is:

i) In the 1st, 2nd and 4th figures, the plus sign (+) is shifting next box in each figure.

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ii) In the 1st, 2nd and 4th figures, the minus sign (-) is shifting next top box (moving clockwise direction) in
each figure.

Thus we are getting I figure to II figure, II figure to III figure and IV figure to V figure but not getting III figure to
IV figure.

Thus the image 1st, 2nd and 4th images are similar.

Except for the third, all the others are following the pattern to their next image.

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