Smart Grid Technologies

7ENT2114

School of Physics, Engineering, and Computer Science

Smart Grid Communication,
Measurement and Control
Shady S.Refaat, Omar Ellabban, Sertac Bayhan , Haitham Abu-Rub, Frede Blaabjerg, and Miroslav Begovic, Smart Grid
and Enabling Technologies, Wiley, 2021
Module Plan for this Semester:

Timetable
Week Planned Topic
Number
10 Lecture 1 Module Introduction /Energy Sources: Conventional and
Renewable.
11 Lecture 2 Solar Energy Solar
Lab (Task 1) PV Systems (1)
12 Lecture 3 Wind Energy and Wind Turbines
Lab (Task 1) Solar PV Systems (2)
13 Lecture 4 Renewable Energy Sources Technologies
Lab (Task )2 Modeling, Simulation and Control of Wind Turbine (1)
14 Lecture 5 Energy Storage Technologies
Lab (Task 2) Modeling, Simulation and Control of Wind Turbine (2)
15 Lecture 6 Traditional Grid versus Smart Grids
Lab (Task 3) Modeling, of Energy Storage Battery (1)
Module Plan for this Semester:

Timetable
Week Planned Topic
Number
16 Lecture 7 Smart Grids Communication, Measurement and Control
Lab (Task 3) Modeling, of Energy Storage Battery (2)
Lecture 8 Smart Grids Communication, Measurement and Control
17 Lab (Task 4) Modeling and control of smart grid (1).
18 Lecture 9 Electricity Market models& Demand side management
Lab (Task 4) Modeling and control of smart grid (2).
19 Lecture 10 Revision

20 Test
 Smart Grid
• Sensing and Measurement
• Smart Meters
• Int egrat ed Com m unicat io ns and wireless
communications
• Storage Devices
• Control
slid
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what is the smart grid

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

 Smart Grid
• Uses to improve how
electricity travels from power plants to consumers
• Allows consumers to interact with the grid
• Int egrat es new and im proved t echno logies int o t he
operat io n of t he grid
Smart Grid Helps Utilities Address
These Challenges

•
 Smart Grid Features (1)
Improved Power Grid management and optimized operation
• Integration of distributed generation and renewables in a full-scale
•
network.
• Support of diversified energy production mix according to environmental
policies•
• Decision Making regarding the Grid Operation taking into account
•
operational parameters from throughout the network
• Real-time Avoidance Mechanism for power demand exceedance and
power failures.

Periklis Chatzimisios, Dimitrios G. Stratogiannis, Georgios I. Tsiropoulos and Giwrgos Stavrou,

“HANDBOOK ON GREEN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS”
 Smart Grid Features (2)
Advanced Interoperability in Smart Grid
• Interconnection among all participating entities, establishing
•
communication and cooperation.
• Installation and support of different kinds of generation and storage
• supporting decentralized production
equipment
• Coordination between providers and consumers to optimize power
•
utilization.
• Dynamic pricing able to be adjustable according to current supply and
demand.
• Improved corporate asset management by integrated control equipment.

Periklis Chatzimisios, Dimitrios G. Stratogiannis, Georgios I. Tsiropoulos and Giwrgos Stavrou,

“HANDBOOK ON GREEN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS”
 Smart Grid Features (3)
Improved Situational Awareness and Communications

• Data collection regarding the operational conditions of the power grid

•
entities.

•
• Advanced sensing equipment

• and control by exchanging information among entities involved in

• Monitor
power grid processes.

• Prediction / Detection faults in power grid improving reliability and avoiding

service disruption.

• Immediate response on power demand variations.

Periklis Chatzimisios, Dimitrios G. Stratogiannis, Georgios I. Tsiropoulos and Giwrgos Stavrou,

“HANDBOOK ON GREEN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS”
 Smart Grid Features (4)
Advanced Services for Users

• Automated Metering Infrastructure allowing real-time measurements and

•
collection of important data via smart meters

•
• • Dynamic pricing aiming at keeping competent prices in favor of
customers.
•
• • Smart Home Appliances

• • Advanced communication networks and facilities for broadband access

to all users via BPL implementation

Periklis Chatzimisios, Dimitrios G. Stratogiannis, Georgios I. Tsiropoulos and Giwrgos Stavrou,

“HANDBOOK ON GREEN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS”
 Smart Grid Attributes
• Information-based
• Communicating
• Secure
• Self-healing
• Reliable
• Flexible
• Cost-effective
• Dynamically controllable
 Advanced Metering
Infrastructure
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is a core infrastructure
for the implementation of the smart grid and is a main means for
the realization of other smart grid applications to deliver
operational benefits across the utility. AMI is a two-way
communication infrastructure between utilities, smart meters, and
consumers.
Advanced Metering
Infrastructure
Benefits of advanced metering
Infrastructure
 Automated Metering in Energy
Production
Smart meters can measure electricity usage and collect
data for the service provider.

Significant role in the decentralized electricity production

integration of renewable energy production units since they

will measure the part of the generated energy consumed by the
household and the part returned to the main network

Distribution automation abilities in the areas of

protection and switching
Sensing and Measurement
• Enhance power system measurements and enable the
transformation of data into information.
• Evaluat e t he healt h of equipment , t he int egrit y of t he grid,
and support advanced protective relaying.
• Enable consumer choice and demand response, and help
relieve congestion
 Sensing and Measurement
• Health Monitor: Phaser
measurement unit (PMU)
• Measure t he elect rical waves
and det ermine t he healt h of t he
syst em.
• Increase t he reliabilit y by
det ect ing f ault s early, allowing
for isolat ion of operat ive
syst em, and t he prevent ion of
power out ages.
 Sensing and Measurement
• Distributed weather sensing
• Widely dist ribut ed solar irradiance,
wind speed, t emperat ure
measurement syst ems t o im prove t he
predict abilit y of renewable energy.
• The grid cont rol syst ems can
dynamically adj ust t he source of
power supply.
 Smart Meters
• Provide interface between the utilit and '
its customers: bi-direction control
• Advanced functionality '-----
• Real-time electricity pricing
• Accurate load characterization -D-·-77.~·"- -· LI
• Outage detection/restoration

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Integrated Communications and
Security
• High-speed, fully integrated, two-way communication
technologies that make the smart grid a dynamic,
interactive "mega-infrastructure" for real-time
information and power exchange.
• Cyber Security: the new communication mechanism
should consider security, reliability, QoS.
Wireless Sensor Network
• The challenges of wireless sensor network in smart grid
• Harsh environmental conditions.
• Reliability and latency requirements
• Packet errors and variable link capacity
• Resource constraints.
• The interference will severely affect the quality of wireless
sensor network.
Energy Components and
Subsystems
• These power system devices apply the latest research in
materials, superconductivity, energy storage, power
electronics, and microelectronics
• Produce higher power densities, greater reliability and
power quality, enhanced electrical
Energy Components and
Subsystems
• Advanced Energy Storage
• New BatteryTechnologies
• Sodium Sulfur (NaS)
• Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
• Grid-to-Vehicle(G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G)
• Peak load leveling
 Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V)
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 Control Methods and Topologies

• Traditional power system problems:

• Centralized
• No local supervisory control unit
• No fault isolation
• Relied entirely on electricity from the grid
 APS: Autonomous Power System
• A localized group of electricity sources and loads
• Locally utilizing natural gas or renewable energy
• Reducing the waste during transmission
• Using Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
 Multi-Agent Control System
• Intelligent Distributed Autonomous Power
Systems(IDAPS) management agent
• Monitor the health of the system and perform fault isolation
• Intelligent control

• Distributed Generator (DG) agent

• Monitor and control the DG power
• Provide information, such as availability and prices

• User agent
• Provide the interface for the end users
 IDAPS Agent Technology
A
NTERFACE LAYER
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Database

".........................................-----""
« Com»munication between users, data base. DG, devices and agents
Communication among agents within the same APS through LAN

DG distributed generation; SW switche s; CB circuit breakers;

transformer; DB database
 IDAPS Agent Technology

• Securing critic
loads

.
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•
Database

....................................------"
« Com»munication between users, data base. DG, devices and agents
Communication among agents within the same APS through LAN

DG distributed generation; SW switche s; CB circuit breakers;

transformer; DB
database
 IDAPS Agent Technology

• Demand-side
management
.
., .
; 4

/
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•
Database

....................................------"
« Com»munication between users, data base. DG, devices and agents
Communication among agents within the same APS through LAN

DG distributed generation; SW switche s; CB circuit breakers;

transformer; DB
database
Quantifying Necessary Generation to
Secure Critical Loads

• Non-linear optimization model

• Minimize the total annual levelized capital and operating costs of the
candidate generators
• Subject to
• Reliability constraints
• Maximum size of each technology
• Maximum number of units to be installed
• The annual emission caps for CO,, NO,, and SO,
Diverse Ener Sources
Tomorrow's Choices

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in 'Ell
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Load as a
Resource
Fig. 1. The IEEE's version of the Smart Grid involves distributed generation, information network . d system g
slid
o

Think as engineer,why you will

use smart grid ?

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

References

S. Massoud Amin and Bruce F. Wollenberg, "Toward a

Smart Grid," IEEE Power and Energy Magazine,
September/October 2005.
M. Pip at t anaso m po rn and S. Rahm an, "I nt elligent
Dist ribut ed Aut onomous Power Sy st ems (IDAPS) and their
Impact on Critical Elect rical Loads," IEEE IW CIP 2005.
R. Li, J. Li, G. Poulton, and G. James, "Agent-Based
Optimization Systems for Electrical Load Management,"
OPTMAS 2008.
J. Li, G. Poulton, and G. James, "Agent-based distributed
energy management," In Pro~. 2oth Australian Joint
Conf~rence on Artificial Intelligence, pages 569-578. Gold
Coast, Australia, 2007.
http://www.smartgrid.gov/, November 2010.
References (Cont.)
6. "Multi-Agent Systems in a Distributed Smart Grid:
Design and Implementation"
7. "Broadband Over Power Lines A White Paper"
8. "V&R Energy Systems Research"
9. "Emissions and Energy Efficiency Assessment of
Baseload Wind Energy Systems"
10. "Microgrid Energy Management System"
11. "Opportunities and Challenges of Wireless Sensor
Networks in Smart Grid"
12. P.Vyt elingum and S. D. Ramchurn, "Trading Agentsfo r
the Smart Electricity Grid," AAMA S 20 1 0 .