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Assignment 2

The document outlines an assignment focused on the combustion process in spark-ignition (SI) engines, covering normal and abnormal combustion, including the phenomenon of knocking. It discusses various engine variables affecting knock, fuel rating and octane numbers, and provides calculations related to air-fuel ratios and engine performance. Additionally, it includes practical problems involving carburetor design and engine specifications.

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3 views

Assignment 2

The document outlines an assignment focused on the combustion process in spark-ignition (SI) engines, covering normal and abnormal combustion, including the phenomenon of knocking. It discusses various engine variables affecting knock, fuel rating and octane numbers, and provides calculations related to air-fuel ratios and engine performance. Additionally, it includes practical problems involving carburetor design and engine specifications.

Uploaded by

sc23meb0a10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PMA - ASSIGNMENT- 2

1. How does the “normal combustion” take place in an SI engine? Show the P-θ diagram
with normal combustion. Explain the three stages of combustion.

2. What is meant by “abnormal combustion” in an SI engine? Explain the phenomenon of


knocks in the SI engine with the help of the P-θ diagram.

3. Discuss the effect of the following engine variable on knock in the SI engine:

i Compression ratio

ii The mass of inducted charge

iii Inlet temperature

iv Spark timing

v Coolant temperature

vi Power output

vii Shape of the combustion chamber

4. How are the SI Engine fuels rated? Define octane number. What is the octane number
of the normal petrol? What is the octane number of the high-octane petrol? What is the
advantage of using high-octane petrol for engine performance?

5. Explain the following:

i Rich mixture

ii Stoichiometric ratio

iii Lean mixture

iv Equivalence ratio

6. Derive an expression for air-fuel ratio of a simple carburetor for:

a. Neglecting compressibility of air

b. Considering compressibility of air

7. The venturi of a simple carburetor has a throat diameter of 20 mm and coefficient of


discharge for air flow is 0.8. The fuel orifice has a diameter of 1.14 mm and the
coefficient of discharge for fuel flow is 0.65. The gasoline surface in the float chamber
is 5 mm (Z) below the fuel injector nozzle tip. Calculate the following:

a. The air-fuel ratio for a pressure drop of 0.08 bar (p1 – p2 = Δp), and when the
nozzle tip height (Z) is neglected. [Solution: 15.15:1]

b. The air-fuel ratio when the nozzle tip height (Z) is taken into account and Δp =
0.08 bar [Solution: 15.19:1]

c. The minimum pressure drop (Δp) and the minimum velocity of air or critical air
velocity required to start the fuel flow when the nozzle tip height (Z) is provided
[Solution: 36.79 Pa]

8. A four-cylinder, four-stroke, spark-ignition engine has a bore of 80 mm and stroke of


90 mm. It runs at 4000 rpm and uses a fuel having 84% carbon and 16% hydrogen by
mass. The volumetric efficiency of the engine at that speed is 80%. The ambient
conditions are 1 bar and 25°C. The depression at the venturi throat is 0.06 bar. The
actual quantity of air supplied is 0.95 of the stoichiometric value (i.e. rich mixture).
Calculate the fuel flow rate, the air velocity at the throat and the throat diameter. Take
Rair = 287 J/kg.K, Rfuel vapour = 98 J/kg.K, γair = 1.4

Calculate the fuel jet diameter, if the specific gravity of the fuel is 0.75. Neglect the
nozzle tip height. Consider the compressibility of air. [Solution: 1.5735 mm]

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