Digital Factory

Data Flow Model Concept and Construction

Module II: Digital Factory Modeling: How to formulate a virtual world

Professor Athakorn Kengpol, PhD, DSc

Curriculum Development
of Master’s Degree Program in
Industrial Engineering for Thailand Sustainable Smart Industry
 Content

• Learning Outcomes
• Introduction of Data Flow Diagram
• DFD Constructing
• DFD Example
• Case Study
• Lab Sheet
• Program for DFD Constructing

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 Course Learning Outcomes

Formulate a data model representing data streamlining in a production line of

an existing traditional factory using a data flow diagram (Develop, Module II)

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Introduction of Data Flow Diagram

“Cyber Physical System is a coordination

between data operations in the form of
cloud computing and physical device.
When businesses want to develop into
intelligent system, it is necessary to have
step-by-step data flow management by
using Data Flow Diagram”

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 Introduction of Data Flow Diagram

System development life cycle (SDCL) is an essential process uses during the development of any system

SDLC consists of four main phases. They are

planning, analysis, design and
implementation.

Data-flow diagrams (DFDs) model a

perspective of the system that is most
readily understood by users

Maintenance Division
DFD with material Flow (www.Yourdon.com)
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 Introduction of Data Flow Diagram

The benefit of Data-Flow Diagram

• The system scope and boundaries are clearly indicated on the diagrams.
• The technique of decomposition of high level data-flow diagrams to set of more detailed
diagrams, provides and overall view of complete system, as well as a more detail breakdown and
description of individual activities, when this is appropriate, for clarification and understanding.

The motivation of formalizing the rules of data flow diagrams is because DFD has been used
in a widely basis for modeling any system but still lacking a precise understanding. Therefore,
by formalizing the DFD rules, we can get a formal model of DFD rules. This formal model can
be used to ensure that the diagrams drawn are correct and they are consistent with each other.

Rosziati, I., & Siow, Y.’ Y. (2010). Formalization of The Data Flow
Diagram Rules for Consistency Check. International Journal of Software
Engineering & Application (IJSEA), Vol. 1, No.4, October 2010.
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 Introduction of Data Flow Diagram

The system can be physical or logical, manual or computer based.

Data flow diagram symbols consist of four symbols which are processes, data flows, data stores
and external entities.

Name D1 Name Name

Name

Process Data Flow Data Store External Entity

Symbols of DFD Elements

Rosziati, I., & Siow, Y.’ Y. (2010). Formalization of The Data Flow
Diagram Rules for Consistency Check. International Journal of Software
Engineering & Application (IJSEA), Vol. 1, No.4, October 2010.
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 Introduction of Data Flow Diagram

The different kinds (and levels) of data-flow diagrams

Although all data-flow diagrams are composed of the same types of symbols, and the validation rules
are the same for all DFDs, there are three main types of data-flow diagram:

• Context diagrams — context diagram DFDs are diagrams that present an overview of the system and
its interaction .
• Level 1 data-flow diagrams — Level 1 DFDs present a more detailed view of the system than
context diagrams, by showing the main sub-processes and stores of data that make up the system as a
whole.
• Level 2 (and lower) data-flow diagrams — a major advantage of the data-flow modelling technique
is that, through a technique called “levelling”, the detailed complexity of real world systems can be
managed and modeled in a hierarchy of abstractions. Certain elements of any dataflow diagram can be
decomposed (“exploded”) into a more detailed model a level lower in the hierarchy.

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 Introduction of Data Flow Diagram

Context diagram
(Level 0 DFD)
Box represent whole
System boundary DFD Constructing
• Identify the system boundaries
Level 1 DFD • Follow inputs
• Follow event
• Fill in gaps
• Repeat
• Explain to level 1, 2, …, n DFD

Level 2 DFD

Goodland M., Slater C., SSADM - A Practical Approch, McGraw Hill, 1995.
Kendall., K., Kendall J., System Analysis and Design, Prentice Hall, 1998
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Introduction of Data Flow Diagram

“MyDraw is a useful program, which

makes it easy to create various types of diagram
including flowcharts, organizational charts,
mind maps, network diagrams, floor plans,
family tree diagrams, business model diagram,
flyers, certificates and many more.”

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DFD Constructing

This is a context level

data flow diagram of a video
rental system. The example
illustrates the flow of information
between the system of interest
(Video Rental system) and the
Expand to Level 1 DFD
external entities connected to it
(the Customers and the Supplier).

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 DFD Constructing

Expand to Level 2 DFD This is a level 1 Data Flow

Diagram illustrating a video rental
system. This level of DFD describes in
a greater detail the kind of data
flowing between the main processes of
the system.

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DFD Constructing

This is a level 2 Data Flow

Diagram illustrating a video rental system.
This level of DFD concentrates in a greater
detail of one of the system’s processes and
the kind of data flowing between its main
sub-processes and the external entities it is
directly connected to.

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 DFD Example

The case study of Manufacture and assembly of electrical wiring for car
“From company case study, the product design department has a collection of product data
including a lot of technical data. Causing delay in searching for the desired information and data-
loss problem, therefore DFD must be created for the systematic overview to identify further
problem”

The product of case study company

T. Pornthip, “Management system development database for product
development parts of product design agency case study the company
products and assembles the wiring harness,” M.S. thesis, Department of
Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, KMUTNB, 2015.
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 DFD Example: Traditional DFD

A -DWG. Part for Development

-Material Property
-Functional of part
B -Production DWG. (Sign)
-Customer DWG. (Sign)
-Test Report (Sign)
-Material Property (Sign)
C -Simulation Report
-Concept Design
-3D CAD Model
-Inspection Data
-Standard Test
-Training Data Support
-Result Test Mechanical
Property of material.

T. Pornthip, “Management system development database for product

development parts of product design agency case study the company
products and assembles the wiring harness,” M.S. thesis, Department of
Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, KMUTNB, 2015. 15/29
 DFD Example: Developed DFD

A -DWG. Part for Development

-Material Property
-Functional of part
B -Production DWG. (Sign)
-Customer DWG. (Sign)
-Test Report (Sign)
-Material Property (Sign)
C -Simulation Report/ Concept Design
-3D CAD Model/ 2D DWG.
-Inspection Data/ Test Report
-Standard Test/ Material Property
-Training Data Support
-Result Test Mechanical Property of
material.
-Help
-Cost Save Part Report

T. Pornthip, “Management system development database for product

development parts of product design agency case study the company
products and assembles the wiring harness,” M.S. thesis, Department of
Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, KMUTNB, 2015. 16/29
 DFD Example: Developed DFD

The case study of Manufacture and assembly of electrical wiring for car

“After the database improvement by using DFD

together with Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 and The Development of
Microsoft SQL Server 2012 program*, it was Database Management System
found that it reduced the time needed to find the
document 92.92%, reduce the time to search the
files 91.92% and the document is no longer
lost”

*This programs are used to manage information

and documents, which is convenient to use.

T. Pornthip, “Management system development database for product

development parts of product design agency case study the company
products and assembles the wiring harness,” M.S. thesis, Department of
Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, KMUTNB, 2015. 17/29
Case Study: Furniture Company

The case study company is an integrated

furniture manufacturing company. By the
process starting form accepting customers’
needs to designing the furniture, the price
evaluating and producing according to the
design, Until deliver to customers.

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Case Study: Furniture Company

Responding to the Industrial 4.0, the case study

factory needs to be transformed into a digital
factory to increase production potential. For
this purpose, a group of students in the Digital
Factory subject (KMUTNB) have studied the
production process of the factory in order to
find ideas to develop each production lines
according to the digital factory guidelines.

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Case Study: Furniture Company

This case, production

process is focused on
development. Then, it
is expanded to level 2
DFD.

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Case Study: Furniture Company
Boundary of Interest

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 Case Study: Furniture Company

Transform to the Digital Factory

Cloud Computing AR Technology

Traditional Factory PLY AGV

Robotics

MetraSCAN

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Case Study: Furniture Company

How will we know if

the system improvement plan
can be implemented?

“SIMULATION”

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 Lab Sheet: DFD Constructing #1
Estate Agency case study
Clients wishing to put their property on the market visit the estate agent, who will take details of
their house, flat or bungalow and enter them on a card which is filed according to the area, price range and
type of property.
Potential buyers complete a similar type of card which is filed by buyer name in an A4 binder.
Weekly, the estate agent matches the potential buyer's requirements with the available properties
and sends them the details of selected properties.
When a sale is completed, the buyer confirms that the contracts have been exchanged, client
details are removed from the property file, and an invoice is sent to the client. The client receives the top
copy of a three part set, with the other two copies being filed.
On receipt of the payment the invoice copies are stamped and archived. Invoices are checked on
a monthly basis and for those accounts not settled within two months a reminder (the third copy of the
invoice) is sent to the client.
Try to create the context DFD & Level 1 DFD

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 Lab Sheet: DFD Constructing #2

Estate Agency case study

The Estate Agency needed to improve data management by using a matching application
between the client’s properties and the potential buyer demanding in order to matching reduce the
complexity and waste time for increasing customer satisfaction to the Estate Agency.

Try to create the DFD again

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DFD Constructing Program

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DFD Constructing Program

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 Course Learning Outcomes

Formulate a data model representing data streamlining in a production line of

an existing traditional factory using a data flow diagram (Develop, Module II)

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Thank you

Curriculum Development
of Master’s Degree Program in
Industrial Engineering for Thailand Sustainable Smart Industry