BITS Pilani

Pilani Campus

BITS F111
Chapter 3: Energy Equation and 1st Law of Thermodynamics
Imp Problems: 3.31, 3.33, 3.34, 3.39, 3.61, 3.69, 3.71, 3.73, 3.76, 3.78, 3.82, 3.93, 3.96,

3.100, 3.107, 3.116, 3.129, 3.138, 3.143, 3.147

 3.31. A 400-L tank A, contains argon gas at 250 kPa and 30°C. Cylinder B, having
a frictionless piston of such mass that a pressure of 150 kPa will float it, is initially
empty. The valve is opened, and argon flows into B and eventually reaches a
uniform state of 150 kPa and 30°C throughout. What is the work done by the
argon? Represent the process on P-v diagram.

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.31. A 400-L tank A, contains argon gas at 250 kPa and 30°C. Cylinder B, having
a frictionless piston of such mass that a pressure of 150 kPa will float it, is initially
empty. The valve is opened, and argon flows into B and eventually reaches a
uniform state of 150 kPa and 30°C throughout. What is the work done by the
argon? Represent the process on P-v diagram.

Solution
VA
• Work s done against the external pressure Po
• Mass and Temperature remains constant in both the states
• Volume occupied by Argon when valve was closed, VA
• Volume occupied by Argon when valve was closed, VA+VB

VA
VB

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.34. A piston-cylinder assembly contains 1 kg of liquid water at 20°C and
300 kPa, as shown in Figure. There is a linear spring mounted on the
piston such that when the water is heated, the pressure reaches 3 MPa
with a volume of 0.1 m3.

(a) Find the final temperature

(b) Plot the process in a P-v diagram
(c) Find the work in the process

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.34. A piston-cylinder assembly contains 1 kg of liquid water at 20°C and
300 kPa, as shown in Figure. There is a linear spring mounted on the
piston such that when the water is heated, the pressure reaches 3 MPa
with a volume of 0.1 m3.

Solution

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.39. Helium gas expands from 125 kPa, 350 K and 0.25 m3 to 100 kPa in
a polytropic process with n = 1.667. How much work does it give out?

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.39. Helium gas expands from 125 kPa, 350 K and 0.25 m3 to 100 kPa in
a polytropic process with n = 1.667. How much work does it give out?

Solution

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.60. A closed steel bottle contains CO2 at −20°C, quality 20% and the
volume is 0.05 m3. It has a safety valve that opens at a pressure of 6 MPa.
By accident, the bottle is heated until the safety valve opens. Find the
temperature and heat transfer when the valve first opens. Represent
these points on P-v diagram.

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.60. A closed steel bottle contains CO2 at −20°C, quality 20% and the
volume is 0.05 m3. It has a safety valve that opens at a pressure of 6 MPa.
By accident, the bottle is heated until the safety valve opens. Find the
temperature and heat transfer when the valve first opens. Represent
these points on P-v diagram.

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.65. Water in a 150 L closed, rigid tank is at 100 °C and 90% quality. The
tank is then cooled to −10°C. Calculate the heat transfer during the
process. Represent the process on the P-v and T-v diagram.

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.65. Water in a 150 L closed, rigid tank is at 100°C and 90% quality. The
tank is then cooled to −10°C. Calculate the heat transfer during the
process. Represent the process on the P-v and T-v diagram.

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.69. A piston/cylinder arrangement has the piston loaded with outside atmospheric
pressure and the piston mass to a pressure of 150 kPa, shown in Fig. P3.69. It
contains water at −2°C, which is then heated until the water becomes saturated
vapour. Find the final temperature and specific work and heat transfer for the
process. Represent the process on P-v and T-v diagram.

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.69. A piston/cylinder arrangement has the piston loaded with outside atmospheric
pressure and the piston mass to a pressure of 150 kPa, shown in Figure. It
contains water at −2°C, which is then heated until the water becomes saturated
vapour. Find the final temperature and specific work and heat transfer for the
process. Represent the process on P-v and T-v diagram.
Solution

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.73. The piston/cylinder in Figure contains 0.1 kg water at 500°C, 1000 kPa. The
piston has a stop at half of the original volume. The water now cools to a room
temperature of 25°C

1. Find the final pressure and volume

2. Find the heat transfer and work in the process
3. Represent the process on a P–v diagram

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.73. The piston/cylinder in Figure contains 0.1 kg water at 500°C, 1000 kPa. The
piston has a stop at half of the original volume. The water now cools to a room
temperature of 25°C

1. Find the final pressure and volume

2. Find the heat transfer and work in the process
3. Represent the process on a P–v diagram

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
 Imp Problems: 3.31, 3.33, 3.34, 3.39, 3.61,
3.69, 3.71, 3.73, 3.76, 3.78, 3.82, 3.93,
3.96, 3.100, 3.107, 3.116, 3.129, 3.138,
3.143, 3.147

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.61. Water in a tank A is at 250 kPa with a quality of 10% and mass 0.5 kg. It is
connected through a valve to a piston/cylinder holding constant pressure of 200
kPa initially with 0.5 kg of water at 400 °C in the cylinder. The valve is opened,
and enough heat transfer takes place for the water to reach a final uniform
temperature of 150 °C. Find the final P and V, the process work and the process
heat transfer. Represent the process on P-v diagram.

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 18/9/2023

3.28. A constant-pressure piston/cylinder assembly contains 5 kg of water

as saturated vapor at 200 kPa. It is now cooled so that the water occupies
half of the original volume. Find the work done in the process. Represent
the process on P-v and T-v diagram

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 18/9/2023

3.30. A piston/cylinder contains air at 600 kPa, 290 K and a volume of 0.01
m3. A constant pressure process gives 54 kJ of work out. Find the final
volume and temperature of the air.

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 18/9/2023

3.32. A piston/cylinder contains 1.5 kg water at 200 kPa, 150°C. It is now

heated in a process where pressure is linearly related to volume to a state
of 600 kPa, 350°C. Find the final volume and the work in the process.
Represent the process on the P-v diagram.

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 25/9/2023

3.35. Air in a spring-loaded piston/cylinder setup has a pressure that is

linear with volume, P = A + BV. With an initial P = 150 kPa, V = 1 L and
a final = 800 kPa, V = 1.5 L, as shown in Fig. P3.34. Find the
work done by the air. Represent the process on the P-v and T-v diagram.

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 25/9/2023

3.35. Air in a spring-loaded piston/cylinder setup has a pressure that is

linear with volume, P = A + BV. With an initial P = 150 kPa, V = 1 L and
a final = 800 kPa, V = 1.5 L, as shown in Fig. P3.34. Find the
work done by the air. Represent the process on the P-v and T-v diagram.

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 3.39. Helium gas expands from 125 kPa, 350 K and 0.25 m3 to 100 kPa in
a polytropic process with n = 1.667. How much work does it give out?

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 25/9/2023

3.60. A closed steel bottle contains CO2 at −20°C, quality 20% and the
volume is 0.05 m3. It has a safety valve that opens at a pressure of 6 MPa.
By accident, the bottle is heated until the safety valve opens. Find the
temperature and heat transfer when the valve first opens. Represent
these points on P-v diagram.

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 25/9/2023

3.65. Water in a 150 L closed, rigid tank is at 100 °C and 90% quality. The
tank is then cooled to −10°C. Calculate the heat transfer during the
process. Represent the process on the P-v and T-v diagram.

Dr Faizan Mohammad Rashid, PhD, IIT-Madras BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus