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Chapter 4 Solved Problem

The document contains solved examples related to vaporization and distillation processes involving benzene and toluene mixtures. It includes calculations for heat added during vaporization, the number of ideal plates and feed plate location in a continuous fractionating column, and the theoretical plates required for distillation of a saturated liquid mixture. Key results include 300 kJ heat added per mole of vapor product, 169.492 kmol/hr overhead product, and 11 theoretical plates needed for distillation.

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9 views6 pages

Chapter 4 Solved Problem

The document contains solved examples related to vaporization and distillation processes involving benzene and toluene mixtures. It includes calculations for heat added during vaporization, the number of ideal plates and feed plate location in a continuous fractionating column, and the theoretical plates required for distillation of a saturated liquid mixture. Key results include 300 kJ heat added per mole of vapor product, 169.492 kmol/hr overhead product, and 11 theoretical plates needed for distillation.

Uploaded by

abra ham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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(Worksheet ) solved examples ch-4

1. To vaporize 60% of the feed, a liquid combination containing 50% of each of benzene and
toluene at 40°C has to be constantly flash vaporized. Three-quarters( 0.35)of the leftover
liquid product is made up of benzene. If the liquid product and the vapor product have
enthalpies of 2, 5 and 30 kJ/mole, respectively.

Determine the amount of heat added (in kJ) for each mole of vapor product.

Data:

Basis: 100 mole of feed

Feed composition, mole fraction of more volatile component (zF) = 0.5

Feed (F) = 100 mole

Since 60% of the feed is vaporized,

Vapor (D) = 60 mole

Liquid (W) = 40 mole

Mole fraction of more volatile component in the liquid (xW) = 0.35

Formulae:

F=D+W →1

FxF = DxD + WxW →2

FHF + Q = DHD + WHW →3

Calculations:

From equations, 1 and 2

1
100 x 0.5 = 60xD + 40 x 0.35

Therefore, xD = 0.6

From equation 3,

100 x 2 + Q = 60 x 30 + 40 x 5

Therefore, Q = 1800 kJ

Heat to be added per mole of vapor product = Q/D = 1800/60 = 300 kJ

2. 10,000 kg of a liquid combination comprising 40 mole percent methanol and 60 mole percent
water has to be separated into an overhead product with 97 mole percent methanol and a bottom
product with 98 mole percent water per hour using a continuous fractionating column. Three moles
of reflux ratio are being used. Determine the following: (i) the number of ideal plates and the feed
plate's location if the feed is at its bubble point; (ii) the moles of overhead product collected per
hour.

Equilibrium data:

x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

y 0.417 0.579 0.669 0.729 0.78 0.825 0.871 0.915 0.959

Where x = mole fraction of methanol in liquid

And y = mole fraction of methanol in vapor

Data:

Feed rate = 10,000 kg/hr

2
xF = 0.4

xD = 0.97

xW = 0.02

R=3

Calculations:

(i) Moles of overhead product:

Average molecular weight of feed = 0.4 x 32 + 0.6 x 18 = 23.6

Molal flow rate of feed = 10000/23.6 = 423.73 kmol/hr

Material balance equations:

F=D+W

F xF = D xD + W xW

Where F = feed; D = distillate; W = residue

Substituting for the known quantities,

423.73 = D + W

423.73 x 0.4 = 0.97 D + 0.02 W

0.97 D - 0.02 D = 169.492 - 8.4746

D = 169.492 kmol/hr

Overhead product obtained = 169.492 kmol/hr

(ii) Number of ideal plates:

3
Slope of 'q - line' = ∞

R = L/D = 3

Number of theoretical plates are estimated from the McCabe-Thiele graphical construction
method and found to be equal to 6.8

And the location of feed plate is 5th plate (counting from the top)

3. A saturated liquid combination with 60% benzene and 40% toluene has to be continually
distilled to produce a distillate product with 90% benzene and a bottom product with 5%
benzene. Operating pressure for the fractional distillation column will be roughly constant
at 1 atm. Reflux to ratio is two. If the feed is inserted into the eighth plate, how many
theoretical plates does the column need to have? The following are equilibrium data:

4
x 0 0.017 0.075 0.13 0.211 0.288 0.37 0.411 0.581 0.78 1

y 0 0.039 0.161 0.261 0.393 0.496 0.591 0.632 0.777 0.9 1

Data:

zF = 0.6

xD = 0.9

xW = 0.05

R=2

xD/(R + 1) = 0.9/(2 + 1) = 0.3

Feed is saturated liquid

Calculations:

For saturated liquid feed, slope of 'q-line' is ∞.

The equilibrium data are plotted and by McCabe-Thiele method, number of theoretical plates is
found to be = 11 for feed introduced at 8th plate.

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