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Machine Lab Exam Question

The document presents a series of problems related to the operation and optimization of synchronous motors and generators in industrial settings. Each problem outlines specific scenarios involving power factor adjustments, reactive power management, and performance analysis, along with questions aimed at determining the necessary measurements and methods for resolving these issues. Additionally, it addresses the procedures for paralleling generators, including synchronization techniques and safety precautions.

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Nihal Shahriare
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14 views9 pages

Machine Lab Exam Question

The document presents a series of problems related to the operation and optimization of synchronous motors and generators in industrial settings. Each problem outlines specific scenarios involving power factor adjustments, reactive power management, and performance analysis, along with questions aimed at determining the necessary measurements and methods for resolving these issues. Additionally, it addresses the procedures for paralleling generators, including synchronization techniques and safety precautions.

Uploaded by

Nihal Shahriare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem 1:

In a factory, multiple inductive machines are running, causing the


overall system power factor to lag. To optimize energy efficiency,
the manager decides to adjust the operating conditions of a
synchronous motor in the system.

●​ Question: What parameters of the motor will you adjust to


correct the power factor? How will you measure these
parameters and determine if the power factor reaches
unity?

Problem 2:

In a processing plant, the system’s reactive power demand is high


during peak operations. An engineer suggests using an existing
motor to supply reactive power and stabilize the voltage. However,
it’s unclear how much reactive power needs to be supplied and how
to achieve the required conditions.

●​ Question: What steps will you follow to determine the


motor’s capability to supply reactive power? What key
variables will you monitor?

Problem 3:
A motor in an industrial setup consistently runs at the same speed
regardless of changes in load or adjustments to its excitation.
However, there are variations in armature current and power
factor as the excitation is varied. The engineer needs to analyze
these changes to optimize motor performance.

●​ Question: How will you analyze the effect of field current on


the armature current and power factor? What observations
will indicate a balanced operating condition?

Problem 4:

In a manufacturing unit, a motor is observed to consume excessive


reactive power, causing voltage dips in the power system. The
technician suggests varying the motor’s excitation to reduce
reactive power consumption or potentially supply reactive power to
the system.

●​ Question: How will you identify the excitation level at which


the motor shifts from consuming reactive power to supplying
reactive power?

Problem 5:

A conveyor belt system powered by a motor is experiencing


fluctuating power factor and armature current when the motor's
field excitation is adjusted. The plant supervisor asks you to
provide a detailed analysis to determine the zones of lagging,
leading, and unity power factor.

●​ Question: How will you conduct this analysis, and what type
of graph will help you identify the different power factor
zones?

Problem 6:

During an emergency in a chemical plant, the DC field supply to a


motor is accidentally disconnected. Surprisingly, the motor
continues to run for a while before eventually losing its
synchronization.

●​ Question: Why does the motor continue to run initially?


What steps can you take to prevent such a failure in the
future?

Problem 7:

In an industrial setting, a synchronous motor is used to drive


heavy machinery. The power system operator notices that by
varying the motor’s excitation, the reactive power drawn or
supplied by the motor changes. They want to understand how the
motor’s operation affects the system's power factor.
●​ Question: What measurements will you take to analyze the
relationship between the field current, reactive power, and
power factor?

Problem 8:

In a workshop, an engineer reports that the overall power factor


of the system is leading during some operations and lagging during
others, depending on the load conditions. They suspect that the
synchronous motor in the system is operating outside its optimal
excitation range.

●​ Question: How will you investigate the issue and determine


the optimal excitation level for the motor?

Experiment 7

Problem 1:

In a power plant, a synchronous generator is running, but its exact


electrical model parameters (synchronous reactance and armature
resistance) are unknown. The plant manager wants to determine
these parameters to improve performance analysis.

●​ Question: How will you experimentally determine the


synchronous reactance () and armature resistance () of the
generator?
Problem 2:

An engineer is testing a 3-phase synchronous generator to obtain


its open-circuit characteristics (O.C.C). During the test, the
stator terminals are disconnected, and the field current is varied.

●​ Question: Explain how you will conduct the open-circuit test,


measure the required values, and plot the vs graph.

Problem 3:

During a generator test, the stator terminals are shorted, and the
field current is gradually increased. The observed armature
current () is plotted against the field current ().

●​ Question: What is the significance of the short-circuit test,


and how will you calculate synchronous reactance () using the
data obtained?

Problem 4:

An experiment requires measuring the synchronous generator’s


armature resistance () and synchronous reactance () to model its
equivalent circuit. However, you’re limited to performing only
open-circuit and short-circuit tests.

●​ Question: Describe how you can determine and from the test
results without directly measuring resistance.
Problem 5:

During the O.C.C. and S.C.C. tests of a synchronous generator, you


observe that does not remain constant as increases.

●​ Question: Why does the value of vary with field current?


What factors influence this behavior?

Problem 6:

You are given the task of experimentally plotting the


voltage-current relationship for a synchronous generator. For the
open-circuit test, is plotted against , while for the short-circuit
test, is plotted against .

●​ Question: Explain why the relationship in the O.C. test is


nonlinear while the relationship in the S.C. test is linear.

Problem 7:

While analyzing test results, you notice that during the


short-circuit test, the armature current () shows a linear
relationship with the field current ().

●​ Question: What is the reason for this linearity, and how does
it help determine the synchronous reactance ()?
Problem 8:

A generator is operating at rated speed, and its prime mover is


mechanically coupled with a DC motor. During the tests, both
open-circuit and short-circuit data are recorded.

●​ Question: How will you use the vs (O.C.C) and vs (S.C.C)


graphs to evaluate the synchronous impedance () of the
generator?

Problem 9:

While conducting a synchronous generator test, you notice that a


higher field current () is needed to produce the same terminal
voltage () as the load increases.

●​ Question: How is this observation related to the synchronous


reactance () of the generator?

1.​ What are the necessary conditions for paralleling


generators in a power system?
2.​Explain the "Two Bright and One Dark" method used in
this experiment for paralleling generators. What does the
sequence of the lamps indicate?
3.​What is the role of the synchronizing lamp in paralleling
generators?
4.​How do you ensure that the terminal voltage of the
incoming generator matches the bus bar voltage during
synchronization?
5.​What would happen if the frequency of the incoming
generator does not match the frequency of the bus bar
during synchronization?
6.​Describe the process for adjusting the prime mover speed
to ensure proper synchronization between the generator
and the bus bar.
7.​Why is it important to keep the prime mover speed
constant throughout the experiment?
8.​What does the sequential lighting of the synchronizing
lamps indicate about the frequency difference between
the generator and the bus bar?
9.​What would happen if all three lamps in the synchronizing
module light up at the same time? How would you fix this
issue?
10.​ Why is it essential to carefully adjust the speed of the
prime mover when preparing the generator to be
paralleled with the bus bar?
11.​What safety precautions should be taken while paralleling
a generator with the bus bar in this experiment?
12.​ What are the potential consequences if the field
excitation of the incoming generator fails during
synchronization?
13.​ Explain the importance of matching the phase sequence
of the incoming generator to that of the bus bar in the
paralleling process.
14.​ What are the steps to adjust the terminal voltage of
the 3-phase synchronous generator during the
experiment?
15.​ What could go wrong if the paralleling switch is turned
ON too quickly without ensuring the generator is properly
synchronized with the bus bar?

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