I

A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE POEM “SALT” BY ANAMIKA

A Quantitative Research Study Presented to the Faculty of Senior High

School Department Colegio de San Antonio de Padua, Inc. Supervised by the

Lasallian Schools Supervision Office

Guinsay, Danao City

A Discourse Analysis Project

By:

Sean Ronald B. Derecho

Rodel G. Landero

Riza Jane L. Bejoc

Thea Nichole A. Lao

Janine S. Ragmac

Ashley Mae M. Rojo

JENNY M. PEREZ

Research Mentor

2024
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APPROVAL SHEET A

This research study titled, “A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE POEM

“SALT” BY ANAMIKA” prepared by Derecho, Sean Ronald B.; Landero,

Rodel G.; Bejoc, Riza Jane L.; Lao, Thea Nichole A.; Ragmac, Janine S.; and

Rojo, Ashley Mae M., hereby submitted to the Research Mentor for the

evaluation as partial fulfillment for the requirements of the course Practical

Research 1 – Qualitative Research and is recommended for the acceptance

and approval for oral examination.

JENNY M. PEREZ

Research Mentor
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APPROVAL SHEET B

This research study titled, “A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE POEM “SALT”

BY ANAMIKA” prepared by Derecho, Sean Ronald B.; Landero, Rodel G.;

Bejoc, Riza Jane L.; Lao, Thea Nichole A.; Ragmac, Janine S.; and Rojo, Ashley

Mae M., hereby submitted to the Research Mentor for the evaluation as

partial fulfillment for the requirements of the course Practical Research 1 –

Quanlitative Research and is recommended for the acceptance and approval

for oral examination.

PRE-ORAL DEFENSE COMMITTEE

ROSEMARIE MONERA

Chairman

JAYNNE J. BUTAC MS.ROSE JANE GONZALES

Member, HUMSS Coordinator Member

JENNY M. PEREZ

Research Mentor, English & Research Coordinator

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FINAL ORAL DEFENSE COMMITTEE

ROSEMARIE MONERA

Chairman

JAYNNE J. BUTAC MS.ROSE JANE GONZALES

Member, HUMSS Coordinator Member

JENNY M. PEREZ

Research Mentor, English & Research Coordinator

The Research Committee has accepted this research study in partial

fulfillment of the requirements of the course Practical Research 1: Qualitative

Research with the grade of________ during the Oral Defense.

April 25,2024 DR. NERISSA S. REMARCA

Date of Oral Defense Senior High School, Principal

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research project represents the culmination of collaborative

efforts, and we are grateful to those who played a significant role in its

success.

First and foremost, we express our deepest gratitude to God, for His

guidance and blessings throughout this journey.

We are also incredibly thankful for the guidance and support of our

research mentor, Ms. Jenny M. Perez. Her valuable advice, constructive

criticism, and unwavering encouragement throughout the research process

were instrumental in shaping this project.

We extend our sincere appreciation to the Research Committee for

providing permission and offering constructive comments that greatly

contributed to the quality of our research.

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To eachmember of our group, we express our immense gratitude

for your complete cooperation, commitment, patience, and expertise. Your

dedication made this research journey not only productive but also a

valuable learning experience for all of us.

We are also thankful for the unwavering support of our parents,

whose love, understanding, and (financial/emotional) support played a

pivotal role in allowing us to focus on this research.

Finally, we would like to acknowledge our classmates and friends for

their inspiration, knowledge, and assistance throughout this project.

By acknowledging these individuals and their contributions, we

recognize the importance of their support in bringing this research to

fruition.

The Researchers
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DEDICATION

This exploration of Anamika's poem "Salt" through the lens of content

analysis is a testament to the unwavering support and inspiration we

received throughout our academic journey. This dedication captures the

essence of your original sample while focusing on your specific research

project. It also maintains a concise and structured format.

With deep appreciation, we dedicate this research to:

Research Committee

Research Mentor

Every Member

Almighty God

Participants

Classmates

Parents

Friends
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page

Approval Sheet A ii

Approval Sheet B iii

Acknowledgement

iv

Dedication

vii

Table of Contents viii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Rationale 1

Theoretical Background 3

Conceptuall Framework 6

Statement of the Problem 8

Significance of the Study 9

Definition of Terms 10
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Scope and Limitations 12

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

Related Studies

14

Related Literature

27

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

34

Research Instrument

35

Verbal-Data Generating process

37

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3
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Phase 4

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1 41

Table 2 51

Table 3 65

Table 4 68

BIBLIOGRAPHY

72

CURRICULUM VITAE

77
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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter will present the background of the problem, the

identification of the problem, the limitation of the problem, the questions of

the research, the aims of the research, and the use of the research.

Rationale

Discover the true essence of Anamika's poem "Salt" as we break down

its content piece by piece for you to explore!

This study aims to conduct a content analysis of the poem titled "Salt”.

This study examines the content analysis of the poem "Salt" by Anamika.

Content analysis is a method for analyzing the content of a variety of data,

such as visual and verbal data. It enables the reduction of phenomena or

events into defined categories to better analyze and interpret them

(Hardwood et.al 2003). Content analysis takes a lot of information and

organizes it in a way that makes it easier to understand. In this study, we

researcher will discuss how the meaning of the words are revealed in the

poem “Salt” by Anamika in terms of (1) denotative and (2) connotative, how
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is the quality of the word presented in the poem in terms of its (1) readability

and (2) structure and

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what is the general theme that can be derived from the poem. By

using a systematic approach to textual material study, content analysis

makes it possible to find underlying messages, themes, and patterns.

By using this approach to analyze the poem "Salt" by Anamika we

hope to reveal the subtlety of the poem's language and ideas, revealing the

poet's intentions and the general theme.

Content analysis can help us researchers quantify and analyze the

presence, meanings, and relationships of such words, themes, or concepts.

The first question delves into the semantic dimensions of the poem,

examining how the meaning of words is conveyed both literally (denotative)

and through associated connotations. Through meticulous analysis, we seek

to unravel the layers of meaning embedded within the text, clarifying the

poet's choice of language and its impact on the reader. By examining the

connotative and denotative meaning of the poem it helps to convey the

explicit meaning of a word. Moving on, the second question studies the

quality of the word in terms of readability and structural elements.

Readability encompasses factors such as coherence, flow, and accessibility,

which influence the reader's engagement with the text. Meanwhile, the

structural integrity of the poem encompasses considerations of form, syntax,

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and rhythm, which contribute to its aesthetic appeal and communicative

effectiveness. The third question focuses on identifying the overarching

theme or themes that emerge from the poem. Themes serve as the thematic

backbone of a literary work and give a summary of its central ideas,

emotions, and insights into the human condition. By discerning the dominant

themes of "Salt," we aim to clarify the deeper significance of the poem and

its relevance to broader literary discourse.

Theoretical Background

This research study will incorporate a mulch-theoretical framework that

consists of semiotics, linguistics, stylistics, discourse analysis, reader-

response theory, hermeneutics, cultural studies, and post colonial theory

with the end goal of conducting an In-depth analysis of the diverse layers of

meaning, metaphors, and themes that have been employed in Anamika’s

poem entitled “Salt.”

Semiotics is a highly developed field that was founded by, work and

serves as a basis for investigating the denotative literal and connotative

implied meanings through the interpretation of signs and symbols utilized in

language and visual representation. According to (Saussure’s, 1916) the

concept of the linguistic sign, consisting of the signifier the form that the sign
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takes, and the signified concept it represents laid the foundation for

exploring how language constructs meaning. (Peirce’s, 1958) triadic model of

the sign, comprising the representamen the form in which the sign takes the

interpretant the sense made of the sign, and the object to which the sign

refers offers a systematic approach to understanding the process of

signification.

There are linguistic theories, that help analyze the grammatical structure

and style of the poem which in effect impact the poem’s authenticity and its

value in the field of poetry. (Halliday’s,2007) The systemic functional

linguistics SFL framework considers language as a social semiotic system,

emphasizing the functional relationship between text and context. (Hasan’s

1976) research on cohesion and coherence explores the linguistic devices

that create texture and facilitate the interpretation of a text. Additionally,

according to (Chomsky, 1965) generative grammar provides a framework for

analyzing the structural aspects of language, focusing on the innate

principles and parameters that govern the production of grammatical

sentences.

To mean that Wolfgang Iser and Stanley Fish defend reader response

theory in that it places the reader’s role as supreme in meaning, theme, and
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many more beyond the textual cues while the interpretative philosophers,

(Iser’s,1978) concept of the “implied reader” and (Fish,1980) notion of

“interpretive communities” highlight the dynamic interaction between text

and reader. (Gadamer,1977) Philosophical hermeneutics emphasizes the

fusion of horizons between the text and the interpreter,

The fact that ( Hall, 1983) was the famous promoter of the cultural studies

concept and ( Bhabha,1994)is well known as one of the postcolonial theory

representatives signifies a very good direction for Anamika’s representing

national culture issue.

By bringing together these heterogeneous theoretical optics, the analysis

will unearth connotations that the writer may have wanted to weave in the

language he deniably used. The semantical approach will bring the reader

close to the literal and implicated meanings, while the linguistic and stylistic

frameworks will reveal how the structural elements contribute to both the

comprehension and fullness of reading.

To do this, creating an integrative interdisciplinary synthesis of reader-

response theory and hermeneutics will make possible the discovery of

themes that the readers can connect acceptably and thus, will create a bond
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between the text and their own experiences and interpretations. The

integration of critical thought with cultural studies and thoughts on post-

colonialism will enable students to tackle issues such as identity, belonging,

and hybridity, which importantly shape the essence of the literature.

This interdisciplinary, theory-informed approach seeks to expand the

insight of “Salt” a poem by Anamika, and enlarge awareness about literary

analysis by considering the complexities of the texts and developing a better

interpretation of their word which is emotionally driven and also challenging

the assumptions about experiences.

Conceptual Framework

Word choice is the conscious selection of words made by the poet

(Anamika). It’s a deliberate tool used to create effects and deliver meaning.

Theme: The overarching theme that emerges from the poem “Salt”

centers on the complex qualities of salt that serve as a metaphor for the

human condition. It looks at issues of adversity, resiliency, power

relationships, and the essential nature of existence. The poem explores the

bitter and fundamental parts of life through the imagery of salt, highlighting
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the necessity of struggle and the perseverance needed to face obstacles in

life. The poem also looks at the oppressive forces at work in society, which

are represented by the government building as a saltshaker, and it

emphasizes the fortitude and resiliency of oppressed groups, especially

women. In the end, “Salt” acknowledges the universality of struggle and the

tenacity of the human spirit while also promoting tenacity and resilience in

the face of misfortune.

Anamika’s word choice throughout the poem would be building blocks

to establish this central message. For instance, if the poem is about loss, she

might use words like “aching,” “empty,” or “desolate.”

Meaning of Words: The poem “Salt” intricately weaves the metaphor

of salt to convey profound insights into the human condition and the nature

of existence. Salt serves as a poignant symbol, embodying both the

bitterness and essential flavor of life. Through its various manifestations –

from brackish water to the burdensome weight on women’s faces – salt

encapsulates the trials and tribulations of existence. The metaphor extends

to encompass power dynamics, with the government building likened to a

saltshaker, symbolizing the sophisticated dissemination of oppression. Yet,

amidst the struggles, salt also represents resilience and determination, as

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seen in historical figures like Gandhi and the revolutionaries who understood

its worth. Ultimately, salt becomes a universal force, connecting the tears of

God and the sweat of man, balancing the earth and reminding us of the

enduring presence of hardship and perseverance in the human experience.

Quality of Words: The quality of words used in the poem “Salt” is rich

and evocative, employing vivid imagery and metaphorical language to

convey deep insights into the human experience. The poet skillfully crafts

each word to carry multiple layers of meaning, allowing for nuanced

interpretations and profound reflections on themes such as resilience,

oppression, and the fundamental essence of life. The use of metaphors, such

as comparing women’s faces to salt and government buildings to

saltshakers, adds depth and complexity to the poem’s exploration of power

dynamics and societal burdens. Additionally, the poem’s rhythmic structure

and carefully chosen language create a compelling and immersive reading

experience, further enhancing its impact. Overall, the quality of words in the

poem is exemplary, contributing to its effectiveness in conveying thought-

provoking ideas and emotions.

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Statement of the Problem

This study will analyze the content of the poem "Salt" by Anamika to

explore the underlying themes and messages.

Specifically, it answers the following questions:

1. How is the meaning of the words revealed in the poem “Salt” in

terms of

1.1 denotative

1.2 connotative

2. How is the quality of the words presented in the poem in terms of

its:

2.1 readability

2.2 structure

3. What is the general theme can be derived from the poem?

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Significance of the Study

The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the

content in the poem “Salt” by Anamika and to also learn how the words in

terms of denotative and connotative are used, how the words in terms of

readability and structure are presented, and what general theme can be

derived from the poem.

The study "Content Analysis of the Poem “Salt” by Anamika" will be

beneficial to the following entities:

1. School - Collaborative analysis of poems promotes a classroom

environment conducive to discussion, debate, and collaborative learning.

Through group activities and peer review, students can collaboratively

construct meaning, share ideas, and develop a deeper understanding of text.

2. Teachers - The study results can inform teachers about effective

strategies for teaching poetry analysis, reading assessment, and structural

analysis, addressing different learning styles and skill levels.

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3. Students - By dissecting the denotative and connotative meanings

of words, students can improve their language skills, enhancing their ability

to understand and communicate effectively.

4. Researchers - This study would give them knowledge about the

Content Analysis of the poem “Salt” by Anamika. Their questions and

curiosity will give them satisfaction in what they want to seek in conducting

research.

5. Future Researchers - This study can serve as a reference for

future researchers as they will be researching in relevance to this study.

They can gain valuable information that can help them to make their

separate works which could lead to further findings about the Content

Analysis of the poem “Salt” by Anamika.

Definition of Terms

Salt - In literature, salt takes on a multidimensional role that goes

beyond its culinary use. It can be used as a symbol, metaphor, or literary

technique, adding levels of meaning to stories. Its presence frequently goes

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beyond the tangible, evoking ideals like purity, preservation, and the

essence of life.

Connotative - The definition of connotative meaning is that it explains

the “extra”, associated, implied, or secondary meaning of a word.

Denotative - The denotative meaning of a word is its main meaning,

not including the feelings and ideas that people may connect with that word:

Although words have both denotative and connotative meanings, there has

been little research on a child's acquisition of connotations.

Readability - Readability is a measure of how easy a piece of text is

to read. The level of complexity of the text, its familiarity, legibility, and

typography all contribute to how accurate your text is. Readability is a key

factor in user experience. Accessible content builds trust with your audience.

Theme - the main subject that is being discussed or described in a

piece of writing, a movie, etc. It is also a central idea of a written text, poem,

movie, etc.
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Structure of a poem - refers to how the text is set out to the reader.

This includes things like line spacing, line length, and paragraph size. In

poetry, the main elements we refer to when we talk about structure are

meter, rhyme, stanza, verse, and scheme.

Scope and Limitation

This research mainly focuses in analyzing the Content of the poem

"Salt" by Anamika. The poem "Salt" is known for its depth and layered

meaning, it uses the metaphor of salt to connect challenging ideas and

feelings. Anamika frequently explores issues related to women's lives and

femininity. Salt can represent a variety of ideas for men, including stability

and life's essentials, which portray their traditional duties as providers and

guardians. When it comes to the Earth, salt may stand for vitality and the

basic food that the earth offers.

On the other hand, this study won't focus in the complicated patterns,

such as variations in meter, rhyme, line length, and stanza structure of the

poem .
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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents related studies and literature that are

relevant to conducting this study. These related studies and literature help to

fully understand the concept of the study. It scientifically explained the

process and the connection of ideas to the development of this research.

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Related Studies

Content analysis is a widely used qualitative research technique. Rather

than being a single method, current applications of content analysis show

three distinct approaches: conventional, directed, or summative. All three

approaches are used to interpret meaning from the content of text data and,

hence, adhere to the naturalistic paradigm(Shannon ET AL 2005). This

statement emphasizes the fundamentals of qualitative content analysis,

providing a clear framework for conducting this type of analysis. They

provide a clear methodology and guidelines for qualitative content analysis,

which can be applied to analyze the thematic content, symbolism, and

linguistic elements present in Anamika's poem "Salt."

In Hsieh and Shannon's study, our study on the poem "Salt" also

employs qualitative content analysis to systematically examine the textual

content and uncover underlying meanings, themes, and symbols within the

poem.

When using content analysis, the aim was to build a model to describe

the phenomenon in a conceptual form. Both inductive and deductive analysis

processes are represented as three main phases: preparation, organizing,

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and reporting. The preparation phase is similar in both approaches. The

concepts are derived from the data in inductive content analysis. Deductive

content analysis is used when the structure of the analysis is operationalized

based on previous knowledge (Elo et.al 2008). They discuss the

methodological considerations and practical challenges involved in using this

approach, providing insights into how researchers can navigate these issues

effectively. This statement is similar to our study “Content analysis of the

poem “Salt” by Anamika” Qualitative content analysis would involve

examining the text of the poem to uncover underlying themes, meanings,

and emotions conveyed by the poet.

Our study also addresses practical challenges associated with qualitative

content analysis. Elo and Kyngäs discuss issues such as ensuring the

reliability and validity of findings, managing large volumes of textual data,

and interpreting subjective aspects of the content. Likewise, in analyzing the

poem "Salt," we may encounter challenges related to interpreting the

symbolism, connotations, and metaphors employed by the poet. Navigating

these challenges effectively requires careful attention to methodological

rigor, reflexivity, and transparency in the analytical process.

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Qualitative content analysis defines itself within this framework as an

approach of empirical, methodological controlled analysis of texts within

their context of communication, following content analytical rules and step-

by-step models, without rash quantification (Mayring 2000). This Presented a

comprehensive framework for qualitative content analysis, outlining steps for

data coding and interpretation, and discussing its application across various

disciplines. In this study, Mayring's framework for qualitative content

analysis could be employed on our study as a methodological approach to

analyze the poem's content.

The study could utilize Mayring's framework by following the steps

outlined for data coding and interpretation. Throughout the analysis, the

researcher would maintain reflexivity, acknowledging their own biases and

assumptions that may influence their interpretation of the poem.

Qualitative content analysis as described in published literature shows

conflicting opinions and unsolved issues regarding the meaning and use of

concepts, procedures, and interpretation (Lundman, B. 2004). This statement

Developed a method for qualitative content analysis specifically tailored to

analyzing interview data in nursing research, emphasizing the importance of

rigor and transparency in the process.

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By utilizing their method, we could ensure rigor and transparency

throughout the analysis process, which is crucial for maintaining the validity

and reliability of the findings. This approach would involve systematically

identifying and interpreting the various elements of the poem, such as

imagery, symbolism, and language use, to uncover deeper insights into its

content and implications. Ultimately, applying Graneheim and Lundman's

method would enhance the rigor and credibility of the content analysis

conducted on "Salt" by Anamika, enabling a more thorough understanding of

its themes and nuances within the context of nursing research.

Content analysis is a set of qualitative and quantitative methods for

collecting and analyzing data from verbal, print, or electronic communication

with numerous applications in nutrition education research (Kondracki, N. L.,

et al. 2002). This study examined the use of qualitative content analysis in

health science research, discussing its strengths in capturing nuanced

meanings within textual data from interviews and documents.

The strengths highlighted by Kondracki et al., particularly in capturing

nuanced meanings within textual data from interviews and documents, can

be applied to analyzing the intricate layers of meaning present in "Salt."

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According to Vaismoradi, M., et.al. (2013), Qualitative content analysis

and thematic analysis are two commonly used approaches in data analysis of

nursing research, but boundaries between the two have not been specified.

In other words, they are being used interchangeably and it seems difficult for

the researcher to choose between them. They Explored the application of

qualitative content analysis in thematic analysis, discussing its role in

identifying patterns and themes across textual data in healthcare and social

sciences. In this statement, it could provide valuable methodological insights

and framework.

According to Bengtsson, M. (2016) ”The purpose of content analysis is

to organize and elicit meaning from the data collected and to draw realistic

conclusions from it. The researcher must choose whether the analysis should

be of a broad surface structure (a manifest analysis) or a deep structure (a

latent analysis)”. It Investigated the use of qualitative content analysis in

empirical research, discussing its flexibility and adaptability to different

research questions and contexts in fields such as education and sociology.

Knowing this can help us researchers to determine and be knowledgeable

about the purpose of Content Analysis, which helps us to analyze the poem

“Salt” by Anamika.
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Neuendorf, K. A. (2002) study provides a comprehensive overview of

content analysis methods, including qualitative approaches, and discusses

their application in communication research. By considering any adaptations

or modifications of Neuendorf's methods it effectively analyzes poetic texts

like "Salt." This could involve integrating literary analysis techniques

alongside content analysis methodologies to capture the aesthetic

dimensions and poetic devices employed by the author.

Grbich, C. (2013) study explored the use of qualitative content analysis

in health research, emphasizing its role in uncovering subjective experiences

and perspectives, particularly in areas like patient narratives and healthcare

communication.

This study is related to the current study as it can emphasize the shared

focus on uncovering subjective experiences and perspectives. Grbich's

exploration of qualitative content analysis highlights its effectiveness in

revealing subjective experiences and perspectives, particularly in fields such

as patient narratives and healthcare communication. Similarly, in analyzing

the poem "Salt" by Anamika, content analysis could aim to uncover the

subjective meanings, emotions, and perspectives embedded within the text.

By employing qualitative content analysis techniques, researchers can delve

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into the nuances of the poem, exploring how its themes, language, and

imagery reflect the author's subjective experiences and perspectives. Just as

Grbich suggests qualitative content analysis can illuminate the complexities

of human experiences in health research, it can also shed light on the

intricate layers of meaning within literary works like "Salt."

Sandelowski, M. (2000) Discussed the role of qualitative content

analysis in synthesizing findings from multiple qualitative studies,

highlighting its potential for meta-analysis and evidence synthesis.

Sandelowski highlights the potential of qualitative content analysis for meta-

analysis and evidence synthesis. In the context of our study on "Salt," this

could involve comparing our findings with existing analyses of the poem,

exploring how different interpretations converge or diverge, and identifying

overarching patterns or insights that emerge from this comparative analysis.

Content analysis is a research method that uses a set of procedures to

make valid inferences from text(Weber, R. P. 1990). This study Introduced a

method for qualitative content analysis focused on identifying latent

meanings within textual data, emphasizing the importance of context and

interpretation in social science research.

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The method introduced by Weber, R. P. in 1990 for qualitative content

analysis could be applied to identify latent meanings within the textual data

of the poem. This method emphasizes the significance of context and

interpretation in social science research, which aligns well with the task of

analyzing a literary work like a poem.

By utilizing Weber's method, we can delve into the layers of meaning

within the poem "Salt" by Anamika, considering not only the explicit content

but also the implicit messages, themes, and nuances conveyed by the text.

Elliott, H., et al. (1999) Explored the use of qualitative content analysis

in organizational research, discussing its application in analyzing documents

and textual artifacts in fields such as management and sociology. It is

connected to our study as it could serve as a foundational reference for the

methodological approach. Their exploration of qualitative content analysis in

organizational research, particularly its application in analyzing textual

artifacts, provides a framework for understanding how to delve into the

poem "Salt" by Anamika.

The Content analysis of the poem “Salt” by Anamika examined themes,

language use, or stylistic elements within the poem. The study of Riffe, D.,
 24

Lacy, S., & Fico, F. G. (2014) has focused on identifying recurring themes or

patterns in news articles, and we could apply similar techniques to poetry.

Furthermore, if their study offers insights into the interpretation of

textual data or the implications of content analysis findings, we could discuss

how those insights relate to our understanding of "salt" by Anamika.

According to Kridalaksana (2008) in Suwandi (2008), connotative

meaning is an aspect of meaning in a group of words based on the feelings

or thoughts that are generated by the speech (writer) and listener (reader). It

means, that the aspect that is conceived by connotative is based on feelings,

so connotative meaning is not based on reality as denotative, and the

meaning is dissimilar from time to time. In our study, we give an in-depth

explanation of the connotative meaning behind the words of the poem

“Salt”. This statement emphasizes that connotative meaning is implicit, and

must be understood well to understand what the poet is trying to deliver in

her poem.

According to Palmer (1976), denotative and connotative meanings could

be discovered by relating the language composition in a sentence with an

experience of the real world. It shows that denotative meaning explicates a

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literal meaning of the word and it contains a revealed meaning of the

sentence structure, whereas connotative meaning has concealed meaning of

the word. Palmer's (1976) perspective on denotative and connotative

meanings could offer valuable insights into the interpretation of the poem's

language and imagery.

When analyzing the poem, we might explore how certain words or

phrases carry both literal (denotative) meanings and additional layers of

implied (connotative) meanings. For instance, the word "salt" might denote

its literal meaning of a mineral substance, but it could also connote themes

of preservation, flavor, or symbolism associated with salt in cultural or

literary contexts.

The structure of a poem implies the way all creative elements whether

or not formal ones are implemented to build a formed literary creation.

Structure involves enforcing principles such as meter, rhythm, rhyme, and

other set forms that help determine the flow of the poem

As shown, meter and rhythm will serve as a regular measure of time

that will be a fundamental pillar of the structure of almost all poetic forms.

The etude of poetic meters when taking into account the organizing of
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stressed and unstressed syllables has a lengthy heritage, going back to

classical works such as Aristotle’s Poetics.

According to Randall Jarrellet,(1996) in his essay “Levels and Opposites:

Structure in poetry “asserted that whilst the notion of meter and other

quantifiable structural devices is overemphasized by critics, underling this

surface pattern are other levels of structure in lyric poetry. An investigator’s

perspective comes from Moore’s (1984) essay “A Prose Poem in Moore

comparing that of a poem structure to an element of career transitions as a

tool for overviewing the progress of university administrative careers as

these career development paths progress.

Moore basically skips analyzing the poetic structure but how he frames

his narrative has a relevant bearing on the organization of a poem by other

writers. It may represent the unforeseeable flow of the leadership roles,

which may be occupied by new leaders from time to time. Misinforming

opposing view that a poem's structure affects the literature quality or the

way a poem is read. Through this, he alludes to how the superficial metrical

patterns are only a part of a poem’s primary architectural scaffolding.

A solid underlying structure can be considered as the major

pictographic feature that through the layers of the sonic, symbolic, and
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thematic patterning enriches the memorability, clarity, and resonance of the

poetic language Miall &Dissanayake ( 2003). Although too much attachment

to varied forms like rhyme or meter can be a restrictive factor for vocabulary

and readability, a perfect blend of both given forms and free verse can have

a catchy and rich effect on the poem.

The article by Gopal et al. might seem distant from understanding

Anamika's poem "Salt" at first glance, but it's quite relevant. The article

discusses using readability formulas to assess how difficult a text is to

understand. This concept can be applied to poems as well.

By analyzing "Salt" with readability formulas, we can get an idea of its

complexity based on factors like sentence length and vocabulary. This helps

us understand if the poem's structure and word choices might pose

challenges for readers. However, it's important to remember that formulas

have limitations. They focus on the mechanics of writing, not the deeper

meaning or the use of poetic devices like metaphors or symbolism.

Additionally, the article talks about readability for younger students, while

Anamika's poem might be intended for a different audience.

 28

In conclusion, readability formulas from this article can be a starting

point, but for a full grasp of "Salt's" readability, we'd need to analyze the

poem's language, content, and literary devices about its intended audience.

Several postmodern poems were harshly and hilariously criticized by

poet and critic Joan Houlihan several years ago for treating words as

meaningless (or, perhaps, rendering them meaningless) (Sherri Irvin 2015).

This article by Sherri Irvin helps us understand a poem like "Salt" by

Anamika, especially if it uses unconventional language. The article argues

against the idea that such poems are meaningless just because the wording

is strange. Irvin explains that even in unconventional poems, the poet's

choice of words matters. By analyzing the connections and deeper meanings

(implications) of those words, readers can arrive at a reasonable

interpretation of the poem's content. So, when you read "Salt," instead of

assuming the poem is obscure because of its language, this article suggests

you should focus on how the specific words the poet chose contribute to the

overall meaning.

The length of individual words in a passage, the structure of sentences,

the quantity of subordinate clauses, prepositional phrases, modifiers, and

other elements have all been used to measure readability. (Oscar M Haugh

2021). This article by Oscar M. Haugh offers valuable insights into

understanding the readability of Anamika's poem "Salt." It explains how

 29

factors like word length, sentence structure, and vocabulary complexity

influence how easy a text is to read. Analyzing "Salt" through this lens can

help identify potential challenges readers might face due to the poem's

language. The article also explores readability formulas, like the Dale-Chall

method which considers unfamiliar words. This can be helpful if "Salt" uses

uncommon vocabulary. However, the article also cautions that formulas have

limitations. They might not capture the poem's style, figurative language, or

cultural references, which all play a role in readability. Overall, this article

equips you to analyze "Salt" for readability by considering both its technical

aspects and the influence of its broader literary elements.

Related Literature

Content analysis has been defined as a systematic, replicable technique

for compressing many words of text into fewer content categories based on

explicit rules of coding (Berelson, 1952; GAO, 1996; Krippendorff, 1980; and

Weber, 1990). This outlines the essence of content analysis, emphasizing its

systematic and replicable nature in condensing textual data into meaningful

categories based on predefined rules.

When applying this methodology to the poem "Salt" by Anamika, one

could utilize these principles to dissect the poem's content into distinct
 30

categories. For instance, thematic elements, emotional tones, literary

devices, and symbolic representations could be identified and categorized

systematically. By doing so, analysts can gain deeper insights into the

poem's underlying messages, artistic choices, and the poet's intentions. This

approach enables a structured examination of the poem's content,

facilitating a comprehensive understanding of its nuances and complexities.

According to Holsti (1969) who offers a broad explanation of content

analysis as "any technique for making inferences by objectively and

systematically identifying specified characteristics of messages" (p. 14).

Holsti's definition of content analysis provides a solid framework for

examining the poem "Salt" by Anamika. Applying Holsti's approach, one can

systematically identify and analyze specific characteristics of the poem's

messages

For example, themes, imagery, symbolism, and linguistic methods that

Anamika employed to express her message could all be investigated. We

researchers can deduce information about the poem's content, emotional

impact, and wider cultural or societal importance by objectively analyzing

these features. With a thorough content examination of "Salt," Holsti's

 31

definition thus provides a framework that helps uncover the subtleties and

creative intentions of the poem.

Content analysis enables researchers to sift through large volumes of

data with relative ease in a systematic fashion (GAO, 1996). Content analysis

allows researchers to identify recurring themes, analyze the use of literary

devices, and uncover underlying themes within the poem. Through this

method, they can uncover nuances, interpret underlying meanings, and gain

deeper insights into the artistic and emotional resonance of Anamika's work.

By applying content analysis to "Salt," we researchers can methodically

examine the language, symbolism, and narrative structure employed by

Anamika. This approach enables a systematic exploration of how the poem

conveys its message, explores emotions, and engages with its audience.

Content analysis is also useful for examining trends and patterns in

documents. For example, Stemler and Bebell (1998) conducted a content

analysis of school mission statements to make some inferences about what

schools hold as their primary reasons for existence. One of the major

research questions was whether the criteria being used to measure program

effectiveness (e.g., academic test scores) were aligned with the overall

program objectives or reason for existence (Steve Stemler 2001). Our study
 32

“Content analysis of the poem "Salt" by Anamika” also involves systematic

examination of textual data to discern underlying themes, patterns, and

meanings.

In Stemler and Bebell's study, they employed content analysis to

scrutinize school mission statements, aiming to identify the primary

motivations and objectives of educational institutions. By analyzing the

language and content of these statements, they sought to understand

whether the criteria used to measure program effectiveness aligned with the

stated goals and missions of the schools. This approach allowed them to

draw inferences about the overarching purposes and priorities of the

educational establishments.

Similarly, in the content analysis of the poem "Salt" by Anamika, we

researchers likely employed a similar methodical approach to dissect the

text and uncover its underlying themes, motifs, and messages. By

systematically examining the language, imagery, and structure of the poem,

we researchers could discern the poet's intended meanings, explore

recurring patterns, and interpret the deeper significance of the work.

The study by West, Janet B. (2019) about “Gender Bias and Stereotypes

in Young Adult Literature: A Content Analysis of Novels for Middle School

 33

Students Public Deposited”, West's study likely examines how gender biases

and stereotypes are portrayed and perpetuated in literature targeting middle

school students.

The study of West, Janet B. (2019) is connected to our study because

Analyzing "Salt" in light of West's research may involve examining the

portrayal of gender roles, stereotypes, and representations of femininity and

masculinity within the poem. Does "Salt" subvert traditional gender norms,

offering alternative perspectives, or does align with prevalent stereotypes

found in young adult literature. Additionally, considering how characters in

the poem interact and whether they conform to or challenge gender

expectations can enrich the analysis.

According to the study of Ward, Latia (2019) which intitled “A Content

Analysis of Major Themes in Young Adult and Middle Grades Novels Published

Between 2006 to 2015 That Feature Young Undocumented Immigrants as

Protagonists” in which Ward conducts a content analysis of these novels to

identify major themes.

This analysis may involve examining character traits, plotlines, settings,

conflicts, and resolutions related to the experiences of young undocumented

 34

immigrants.In this statement,it is related to our study by conducting a

content analysis to identify major themes present in the poem. Similar to

Ward's method, our analysis could involve examining various elements such

as the language used, imagery, symbolism, and narrative structure to

uncover themes related to immigration experiences or any other relevant

topics addressed in the poem. This comparative approach allows us to apply

established methodologies from related literature to our own study,

enhancing the rigor and depth of our analysis.

Content analysis is a widely used research method in social work and in

allied disciplines and professions. As of march 2015,the social work abstracts

data base showed 551 publications in which “content analysis” was used as

a specific research method (drisko j. et al 2016) . This emphasizes what

Drisko et al. (2016) noted the widespread use of content analysis as a

research method, with 551 publications listed in the Social Work Abstracts

database as of March 2015. This demonstrates the method's versatility and

effectiveness in analyzing diverse forms of textual content, such as literary

works like poems.

In this statement employing content analysis techniques, we can

systematically examine the themes, symbols, and linguistic elements

 35

present in "Salt," thereby deepening our understanding of its significance

and implications.

Content analysis is a method for analyzing the content of a variety of

data, such as visual and verbal data. It enables the reduction of phenomena

or events into defined categories so as to better analyse and interpret

them(Hardwood T., et al 2003). By employing content analysis, we can

systematically examine the verbal data presented in the poem, breaking it

down into defined categories or themes.

This approach allows us to gain deeper insights into the underlying

messages, emotions, and themes within the poem. Through content analysis,

we can uncover patterns, symbols, and motifs used by the poet, facilitating a

more comprehensive understanding and interpretation of "Salt" by Anamika.

"In the context of our study on Anamika's poem 'Salt,' applying this

methodology involves systematically analyzing the text of the poem to

identify recurring words, themes, or concepts. Content analysis, as

envisioned in the 1960s, focuses on the frequency with which words or

concepts appear in or across texts and on the development of scales of

meaning to enable comparison of content (Carley, K. 1990). This method

 36

allows for a detailed examination of the language used in the poem,

shedding light on patterns and repetitions that may signify underlying

themes or motifs. By employing content analysis, you can gain insights into

the deeper layers of meaning within the poem, understanding how Anamika

crafts her narrative through the selection and arrangement of words. This

structured approach provides a framework for objective analysis, facilitating

a thorough exploration of how language and imagery contribute to the

poem's overall message or theme."

In analyzing Anamika's poem, adopting a quantitative approach allows us

to apply rigorous standards of objectivity, intersubjectivity, reliability,

authenticity, and generalizability. Quantitative content analysis tends to follow

the principles of the scientific method, including attention to standards of

objectivity/intersubjectivity, reliability, validity, and conceptuality (Neuendorf, K.

and Kumar, A.2015). By systematically quantifying the frequency of words,

themes, and linguistic patterns in the poem, we aim to ensure objectivity in our

interpretation and analysis. Additionally, by adhering to standards of reliability

and validity, we strive to produce consistent and accurate results, thereby

enhancing the credibility of our research. Moreover, by paying attention to

intersubjectivity, we recognize the importance of transparency and

reproducibility in our analysis, thereby allowing other researchers to compare

and interpret in a meaningful way.

 37

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 38

This section presents the research methods used, the sources of the

data, and the data-gathering procedure.

Research Design

This is a qualitative study employing discourse analysis of Anamika’s'

poem titled "Salt". Discourse analysis aims not only to examine the language

used within a text, but also to consider how that language contributes to the

broader social, cultural, and literary context. This inquiry involves gathering

information and interpreting the data to address key questions within the

discussions.

It aims to critically analyze the poem's meaning through its denotative

and connotative aspects, its presentation in terms of readability and

structure, and the general theme. Denotative and connotative meanings

provide insight into the literal and associative meanings of words and

phrases, revealing the author's intent and the emotional resonance of the

language used. Readability and structure play an important role in how a

poem is conveyed and experienced by the reader, influencing the flow of

ideas and the effectiveness of communication. Additionally, identifying

general themes can help you better understand the central message or

commentary the poet is conveying.These aspects are important in content

 39

analysis because they provide a framework for understanding the layers of

meaning within a poem.

The main purpose of this study is to delve into the deeper layers of the

poem's meaning and the literary techniques used, rather than simply

paraphrasing its content. To explain and understand the collected data,

tables are utilized to provide clear visual representations. All the information

and details in the table are explained in detail, focusing on concepts such as

denotative and connotative meaning, readability, structure, and general

theme of the poem.

Research Instrument

This study attempted to decipher the context of Anamika's poem

"Salt." The Poem explicates such way is a useful methodical technique to

satisfy a purpose of identifying and assessing the evolving ideas, patterns of

word usage, and deep-seated statements found in genre of a text. "Salt" has

been chosen because of its thrilling details and suggestion of more to be

revealed around the themes, symbols, and language of it.

 40

Taking a deep dive into the human experiences, emotions, and societal

dynamics, the poem "Salt" by Anamika reveals what appears to be the most

rustic, yet best of human capabilities. By this content analysis, we wish to

discover the meaning under the given signs, consisting of motifs such as

resilience, character, and being humans. Through exegesis of the language,

figures, and the structure of the poem we will try to fathom out a holistic

understanding which includes both author’s message and its consequences.

Systematic analysis will be used to analyze the poem "Salt" by

Anamika. There is an expression which says, "In order to choose, you must

sample". The text will be divided into mince-able bites for exhaustive

scrutiny, with each bit being the stand-alone part of segment or

stanza.Women and men as the main character cannot succeed until enters

his/her inner journey and a process of inner growth. Thematic coding would

then be used to summarize motifs and recurring themes and linguistic

analysis focuses on the use of language, imagination, and literary devices.

The research instrument implies a structured framework to a poem

content analysis of Anamika's poem "Salty". Having used systematic analytic

methods, its pursuits to unveil the intricate meaning of the text and
 41

identifying what the poet intended the audience to get from the text

regarding the surrounding socio-cultural context.

Verbal Data-Generating Process

To undergo fertile assessment of the poem "Salt" by Anamika, this

study refers to gathering and analyzing the poem's elements to recognize

the poem's deeper ideas, meanings, and patterns. This could serve as an

element of a content analysis strategy, which analyzes words, phrases, and

concepts in the content in an organized way to settle its effect, style, and

meanings. To achieve the goal of this examination, the following phrases are

employed:

Phase 1: Analyzing the meaning of the words revealed in the

poem "Salt" in terms of denotative andconnotative.

In this first phase, the poem “salt” is carefully observed through the

denotation and connotation of the words. A concise examination is made on

how the words are generated and analyzed in the text. This includes how the

word “salt” and “earth” is used in the poem. Furthermore, it seeks to find out

on the meaning of the words in poem and gain deeper understanding using

the denotative language and connotative language and to further

understand the meaning behind the words of the poem.

 42

Phase 2: The quality of the word presented in the poem in terms

of its readability and structure.

In this phase, the quality of the poem is revealed. The readability and

structure of the text in the poem are discovered. The ways that the poem is

organized and understanding what the poet is trying to say is presented. The

rhyme scheme, rhythm, meter, and stanza of the poem is explored to

identify the structure that is being used and the difficulty to understand the

poem’s text is discussed. This phase inspects the quality of the poem in

terms of readability and structure of the poem “salt” through critical

observation on how the author formulate the text in the poem.

Phase 3: The General Theme that can be Derive from

the Poem
 43

In this phase, general theme is derived by analyzing the poem to

understand the message the author is trying to communicate.Discovering

the central theme of the poem,“Salt” by Anamika, involves careful analysis.

We look for clues in the author’s message. We pay close attention to how it

explores the concept of salt itself. This can be both literal, focusing on its

physical properties, and symbolic, delving into its deeper meanings like

preservation or scarcity. The poem might also explore the cultural

significance of salt in different societies or how it evokes sensory

experiences through taste, smell, or texture. By examining these elements

and their interactions within the poem, we can arrive at a central theme that

captures the poet’s overall message.

Phase 4: Interpreting the statement of the problem

In this phase,the interpretation of the questions are discussed. This study

is analyzing the content of the poem "salt" by Anamika. Specifically, it is

looking to address the following questions: How is the meaning of the words

revealed in the poem "salt" in terms of denotation and connotation?;How is

the quality of the words presented in the poem in terms of readability and

structure? ;What is the general theme that can be derived from the poem? In
 44

other words, this study is looking at what the words in the poem mean(both

literally and figuratively), how easy they are to read and what is the overall

message of the poem. Content analysis is a method of research that involves

systematically analyzing the content of a text or body of text. It is often used

to identify patterns, trends, or themes in the text. In the case of this study,

we are using content analysis to analyze the poem "salt" by Anamika. We

are looking at the meaning of the words in the poem, the quality of the

writing, and the overall theme of the poem.

 45

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

In this chapter the results of the study are presented and discussed with

reference to the aim of the study, which was to analyze the content analysis

of the poem “salt” by anamika.This will help the researchers in formulating

better findings and conclusion of this research study on contextual analysis.

Table 1: The meaning of words in the poem "salt" by Anamika in

terms of Denotative and Connotative.

The words found in the poem “Salt” by Anamika needs to be defined by its

denotative and connotative meaning to understand the meaning of the word

being used in the poem.

 46

Words/phrases Denotative Connotative Meaning

Meaning

1.Salt A mineral substance The word salt from the

primarily composed poem symbolizes various

of sodium chloride, aspects of life, including

often used to sorrow and resilience .

enhance the flavor

of food.

2.Earth The planet we Symbolizestrength,repres

inhabit; soil or enting the foundational

ground. aspects of life and

existence.
 47

3.Brackish water Slightly salty, as a describe the earths

mixture of seawater structure or composition

and freshwater in and its connection to salt.

estuaries.

4.Weak is salt’s The muscular organ symbol

Heart in humans and ofemotions,perhaps

other animals that representing love,longing

pumps blood or passion. The phrase

through the “Weak is salt’s heart”

circulatory system. suggests that the salt is

fragile.

5.Melts Changes from a the dissolution or a

solid to a liquid transformation. It

state typically due symbolizes the breaking

to heating. down of barriers or

softening somethings

rigid.
 48

6.Building A structure with a the process of

roof and walls, such constructing or creating

as a house, school, something.

or office,

constructed to

provide shelter or

accommodation.

7.Women Adult human The women is describe by

females. their resilience where

women are often

portrayed as enduring and

persevering through

challenges, much like how

a salt preserves flavors

and enhances it despite in

any conditions. ‘Women

are also described by their

nurturance such as

sustaining life, whether

through childbirth,care

giving, or emotional
 49

support.

8.Faces The front part of a a range of emotions and

person's head from experiences associated

the forehead to the with human interaction

chin, including the and identity.

eyes, nose, and

mouth.

9.Seas Large bodies of “seas” representng the

saltwater that cover depths of human

much of the Earth's experience,emotion,or the

surface and subconscious mind.

surround its

continents.
 50

10.Tears The watery Tears in the poem

secretion of the represent the

lacrimal glands, pain,healing,and

expressing emotion emotional release.

or produced as a

result of eye

irritation.

11.Sweat Moisture exuded hard work and effort

through the skin, which often symbolizes

typically in physical exertion and

response to heat or labor.

physical exertion.
 51

12.Balances Keeps in "Balances" represents

equilibrium; harmony between

maintains stability conflicting emotions or

or harmony. aspects of the self,

highlighting the

importance of integrating

different facets of one's

identity to achieve a sense

of wholeness and

contentment.

13.Sorrow A feeling of deep feelings of bitterness,

distress caused by longing, and a sense of

loss, heaviness that weighs

disappointment, or down the speaker's soul.

other misfortune.
 52

14.Taste The sensation The taste of salt

perceived by the symbolize the bitter and

tongue when a painful experiences in life,

substance is in the as well as the moments of

mouth, or the ability joy and intensity.

to discern flavors.

15.Mountain A large natural represent inner strength,

elevation of the resilience, and the ability

earth's surface to overcome obstacles,

rising abruptly from echoing the themes

the surrounding present in the work.

level; a large steep

hill.

16.Shame A painful feeling of Feeling of disgrace or

humiliation or embarrassment

distress caused by associated with one's

the consciousness cultural or personal

of wrong or foolish history.

behavior.

17.Strength The quality or state Resilience, endurance,

 53

of being physically and the ability to

strong; the capacity withstand challenges or

to exert force or adversity.

withstand force or

pressure.

18.Sophistication The quality of The complexity and depth

being sophisticated; inherent in the human

the refinement or condition.

complexity of

something,

especially in style or

design.

19.Saline Containing or The context of faces,

impregnated with might imply tears or a

salt; salty. sense of sadness or

sorrow.

20.Betray To be disloyal to; to Breach of trust, a

reveal or disclose in profound disloyalty, or an

violation of act of abandonment.

 54

confidence.

Masters: People

who have authority,

control, or

ownership over

others or

something.

21.Girl-guava-sellers It likely refers to The Value and

girls who sell Worth,which Salt has

guavas, a type of historically been valuable.

fruit.

The table 1 shows the denotative and the connotative meaning of the

words/phrases found in the poem “Salt”. These meanings help the

researchers to understand the true meaning of what Anamika is trying to

emphasize in her poem. The denotative and the connotative meaning of

each words and phrases unlocks the difficulties of an individual on how these

words and phrases being used in the poem. The denotative and the
 55

connotative meaning are essential to avoid misunderstanding in

comprehending the text

Table 2: The quality of the word presented in the

poem in terms of its readability and

structure.

The poem “Salt” by Anamika has a deep meaning behind its phrases. The

poem “salt” are being anayzed on how quality of words and phrases are

defined according to its readability and structure.

Phrases Readability Structure

“Like a drop in the This line is simple on The line “Like a drop

the in
ocean, a tear in the

eye.” surface, but it hints at the ocean, a tear in

a the

larger theme of eye” is built to create

a
insignificance or

feeling specific effect. It uses

a
lost in a vast world.
 56

This simile, comparing a

might require some tear to a drop in the

reflection for the ocean with the word

reader
“like.” But it goes a

to grasp the full step

meaning
further with

parallelism. The

sentence structure

mirrors each other: “a

+ noun + in +

prepositional phrase”

(“a drop in the ocean”

and “a tear in the

eye”). This similarity

emphasizes the

comparison and
 57

makes

the line flow smoothly.

Finally, the use of

mostly simple words

makes the meaning

clear. Overall, this

structure reinforces

the

feeling of

insignificance. The

vastness of the ocean

reflects the depth of

the speaker’s

emotions, suggesting

single tear is lost in a

58

much bigger world

 59

“A government This imagery might be The lines about the

building- a
government building

/ like a salt shaker- / bit cryptic for

use several tricks to
someone
shakes with much
pack a punch.
unfamiliar with the
sophistication, Running

sprinkles / poem’s critique of

the lines together
power
salt in my wound.”
(enjambment)
structures. The

connects the building

“sophistication” might

be to the salt shaker. The

interpreted as a simile itself is

facade
surprising, making the

for harsh actions

government seem

represented by
small and ordinary.
sprinkling
Adding
salt (causing pain).
“sophistication”

creates bitter irony –

the government may

 60

appear polished, but

its

actions sting like salt

in

a wound.
 61

“The weaver’s This line provides a The lines about the

calloused vivid
government building

hands / are white with image, but it doesn’t

use several tricks to

salt.” explicitly explain the

pack a punch.

connection between Running

the
the lines together

weaver’s hands and

(enjambment)
salt.

connects the building

Understanding the

to the salt shaker. The

harshness of the

weaver’s simile itself is

work and the potential surprising, making the

symbolism of salt as government seem

sweat or hardship small and ordinary.

might
Adding

require some “sophistication”

inference.
creates bitter irony –

the government may

 62

appear polished, but

its

actions sting like salt

in

a wound.
 63

“The heart’s wound This line uses a These lines use a

metaphor
never heals, / mirrored structure.

becomes a (“reservoir of salt”)

Each line starts with
that
reservoir of salt.”
the subject (“weaver’s
connects the pain of a

hands” / “heart’s
wound with the

wound”) followed by a
preserving qualities of

verb (“are” /
salt. However, the

depth “becomes”) and a

of this connection descriptive phrase

might
(“white with salt” /

not be immediately
“reservoir of salt”).
clear
This parallelism
for all readers.
creates

a rhythm and

emphasizes the

imagery. But more

 64

importantly, “salt”

acts

as a metaphor. In the

first line, it describes

the weaver’s hands,

likely from working

with salty materials. In

the second line, it

represents the

lingering pain of an

emotional wound.
 65

“Where the sea meets This line is beautiful This two-line snippet

the sky, / a white bird imagery, but its uses vivid imagery

symbolic and
circles endlessly.”

meaning isn’t spelled a technique called

out.
enjambment to create

The white bird could

its structure. The first

represent hope,
line paints a vast
freedom,
scene with the sea

or a restless spirit, meeting

depending on the
the sky. Enjambment,

reader’s
the lack of
interpretation.
punctuation

at the line break,

forces

us to read on to the

second line where a

white bird appears,

 66

adding a touch of

movement and life.

This structure builds a

clear image in just a

few words.
 67

“Those who have This line references a The structure of this

drunk
shared experience, snippet relies on two

from the same well, /

possibly suffering or main features:

their tears too are

hardship. parallelism and
salty.”
Understanding
metaphor.

the significance of the

Parallelism: The line is

well as a source of this

divided into two parts

shared experience
with a similar
might

structure. Both parts

be necessary to grasp

the start with a relative

full meaning. clause ("Those who

have drunk..."/"their

tears..."). This

repetition creates a

sense of rhythm and

emphasizes the
 68

connection being

drawn between those

who have shared a

common experience.

Metaphor: "Salty

tears"

is a metaphor. Tears

are

typically not salty, but

by using this

comparison, the poem

suggests a shared

experience or

hardship

that leaves a lasting

emotional impact,

similar to how drinking

 69

salty water might

leave

a physical trace.

Together, these

elements create a

concise andpowerful

statement about

shared experiences

and

their lingering effects.

While "Salt" by Anamika might appear readable on the surface due to

potentially simple vocabulary and structure, its true depth might lie

elsewhere. The poem's readability hinges on understanding any figurative

language used, as metaphors and similes can add layers of meaning that go

beyond the literal words. Additionally, the poem's structure, though

potentially consistent, could hold deeper significance through shifts in rhyme

or rhythm that signal thematic changes. The real challenge likely lies in the

poem's content itself. The theme and imagery Anamika employs might

require additional knowledge or analysis to fully grasp the cultural references

 70

or symbolic meaning behind the words. In essence, understanding "Salt"

goes beyond just reading the lines; it involves unraveling the layers woven

by the poet's language choices.

Table 3: The General Theme that can be Derive from the Poem

The poems “Salt”by Anamika needs to be defined by its general themes to

understand what is the message of an author wants us to communicate

through the piece.

Themes Discussion
 71

Resilience The poem explains how salt

survives even after it is constantly

dissolved in water. This resilience

could be interpreted as a

metaphor for the human spirit in

the face of trials, suffering, and

difficulties.

Home Life and Everyday Life The poem deals with daily home

life, frequently focus on how

routine tasks and common objects

(like salt) carry deeper emotional

and lifestyle importance.

Transformation Salt changes when it dissolves in

water, yet it doesn't lose its basic

qualities. This subject of transition

means that people can grow and

change while remaining loyal to

themselves, especially in

challenging situations.

Sacrifice Besides to being strongly

 72

connected to ideas of domestic

duties and feminine

characteristics, salt can also

represent sacrifice—the unseen,

regular sacrifices that people

make, especially women, and how

these help to maintain and sustain

family and social relations.

Feminism The author frequently discusses

gender issues and the social

expectations that are set for

women. The mention of salt may

bring to mind the hard work and

frequently disregarded roles that

women do in keeping the home as

well as ways of life.

The topics of Anamika's poem "Salt," which examines both the everyday and

deeper aspects of being alive, have a very personal yet widely applicable

background. The poem's examination of these themes is probably going to

hit an emotional connection with readers on a personal as well as a social

 73

level since it views deeper social problems through the perspective of

confidential everyday things and experiences.

Table 4: Interpreting the Statement of the Problem from the poem

“Salt”

The statement of the problem from the poem “Salt” needs to be interpreted

for understanding, identifying key information, clarifying ambiguities,

formulating a solution approach, and avoiding misdirection.

Questions of SOP Discussion

 74

1. How is the meaning of the By providing readers with an

words revealed in the poem “Salt” unique and real framework, an

in terms of understanding of the denotative

meanings of the poem “Salt”

1.1 denotative
improves its accessibility and

1.2 connotative connection. With the connotative

meaning put over these basic

definitions, readers can then go

deeper, more symbolic, and

topically into the interpretations

that Anamika may have in mind.

The connotative meanings in

“Salt” enhance the text, providing

a multi-layered reading

experience where individual and

group interpretations connect,

showing deeper realities about

cultural backgrounds, human

experience, and the specific

power of language.

2. The quality of the word Anamika’s poems “Salt” is

 75

presented in the poem in terms of evaluated on how well those

its: elements work together to make a

2.1 Readability poem that speaks to readers

2.2 Structure clearly and makes it easy for

them to understand and interpret

the poem’s themes and aesthetic

characteristics. Anamika uses the

form and structure of her poem to

enhance the presentation and

impact of her words, ultimately

affecting how the poem

communicates with and moves its

audience.

3. The General Theme that Some general concepts in

can be Derive from the Poem Anamika’s “Salt” could be change,

resilience, purification, and the

process of time. The poem

explores how salt connects with

water, seasons, and human

experiences by using salts as a

metaphor for these issues on

many different occasions.

 76

Anamika’s poem “Salt” must be interpreted by examining it from multiple

perspectives, including its readability, structure, denotative and connotative

meanings, and the main ideas it addresses. The poem “Salt” probably uses

the substance of its title as a mirror through which to examine more general

human circumstances. It does this by creating a complex structure of both

literal and metaphorical connotations that encourage readers to consider

what is basically essential to their own lives and to society.

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SEAN RONALD B. DERECHO

 82

Juan Luna St. Looc Danao City, Cebu

[email protected]

0948-473-5371

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth : September 01, 2004

Place of Birth : Danao City Provincial Hospital

Citizenship : Filipino

Gender : Male

Age : 19

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s Name : Ronald M. Derecho

Mother’s Name : Annaley Marie B. Derecho

II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Senior High School : Colegio de San Antonio de Padua

Danao City, Cebu

present

Junior High School : Bibiana Mercado Integrated School

2019-2023

Elementary : Danao City Central School

Catmon, Cebu

2012-2018

RODEL G. LANDERO

Mantiha, Danao City, Cebu

 83

[email protected]

0970-210-8756

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth : August 25,2007

Place of Birth : Mantija, Danao City

Citizenship : Filipino

Gender : Male

Age : 16

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s Name : Elberato Landero

Mother’s Name : Edna Landero

II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Senior High School : Colegio de San Antonio de Padua

Danao City, Cebu

present

Junior High School : B. Enriquez Integrated School

Mantijao ,Danao City

2018-2023

Elementary : B. Enriquez Integrated School

Mantijao ,Danao

2013-2016

RIZA JANE BEJOC

Upper Natimao-an, Carmen, Cebu

[email protected]
 84

0926-343-8564

I.PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth : November 9,2007

Place of Birth : Upper Natimao-an, Carmen, Cebu

Citizenship : Filipino

Gender : Female

Age : 16

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s Name : Roque L. Bejoc

Mother’s Name : Marejoy L. Bejoc

II.EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Senior High School : Colegio de San Antonio de Padua

Danao City, Cebu

present

Junior High Schoo : Cantumog National High School

Cantumog, Carmen, Cebu

2019-2023

Elementary : Natimao-an Elementary School

Upper Natimao-an ,Carmen,Cebu

2013-2019

THEA NICHOLE A. LAO

Dunggoan Danao City, Cebu

[email protected]
 85

0991-239-9406

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth : April 5,2006

Place of Birth : Danao District Hospital

Citizenship : Filipino

Gender : Female

Age : 18

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s Name : Federick V. Lao

Mother’s Name : Haidee A. Lao

II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Senior High School : Colegio de San Antonio de Padua

Danao City, Cebu

present

Junior High School : Ramon M. Durano Senior Foundation- Science and

Technology Education Center

Guinsay Banaba, Danao City

2019-2023

Elementary : Northeastern Cebu Colleges

Almendras St, Danao City

2018-2019

Maternelle Academy French-Filipino School

Abellana St, Mandaue City

2016-2018
 86

San Narciso School of Consolacion

Consolacion, Cebu

2013-2016

JANINE S. RAGMAC

Cotcot, Liloan, Cebu

[email protected]

0991-498- 2463

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
 87

Date of Birth : April 24,2007

Place of Birth : Mandaue City

Citizenship : Filipino

Gender : Female

Age : 17

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s Name : Roldan L. Ragmac

Mother’s Name : Adeli S. Ragmac

II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Senior High School : Colegio de San Antonio de Padua

Danao City, Cebu

present

Junior High School : Liloan National High School Extension Don Bosco

Cotcot,Liloan, Cebu

2019-2023

Elementary : Tiltilon Elementary School

2012-2019

ASHLEY MAE M. ROJO

Binongkalan, Catmon, Cebu

[email protected]

0947-435- 8941

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
 88

Date of Birth : February 11,2007

Place of Birth : Mandaue City

Citizenship : Filipino

Gender : Female

Age : 17

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s Name : Bonifacio C. Rojo

Mother’s Name : Charlyn M. Mepieza

II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Senior High School : Colegio de San Antonio de Padua

Danao City, Cebu

present

Junior High School : Carmen National High School

Carmen, Cebu

2019-2023

Elementary : Binongkalan Elementary School

2012-2018