mysqli_connect_error();

Explanation:

In PHP, when using the mysqli extension to connect to a MySQL database, you can check if
the connection is successful by verifying the result of mysqli_connect() or new mysqli()
and using mysqli_connect_error() to retrieve the error message if the connection fails.
Here's an example:

php

CopyEdit

●​ $connection = mysqli_connect("hostname", "username", "password",

"database");
●​
●​ if (!$connection) {
●​ die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
●​ }
●​ echo "Connected successfully!";

Why not the others?

●​ mysql_status_check();: This function does not exist in PHP.

●​ connection_test();: This function also does not exist in PHP.
●​ is_connected();: This function does not exist in PHP.

Only mysqli_connect_error() is valid and provides the error message when a connection
attempt fails.

4o

You said:

How do you execute an SQL query in PHP? 1 mysqli_query($connection, $query); 2

query($connection, $query); 3 sql_execute($query); 4 mysql_execute($connection,
$query);

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT
The correct answer is:

1. mysqli_query($connection, $query);

Explanation:

In PHP, you execute an SQL query using the mysqli_query() function when working with the
mysqli extension. It takes two parameters:

1.​ $connection: The MySQL connection object or link identifier.

2.​ $query: The SQL query string to be executed.

Example:

php

CopyEdit

●​ $connection = mysqli_connect("hostname", "username", "password",

"database");
●​
●​ if (!$connection) {
●​ die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
●​ }
●​
●​ $query = "SELECT * FROM users";
●​ $result = mysqli_query($connection, $query);
●​
●​ if ($result) {
●​ while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
●​ echo "User ID: " . $row['id'] . ", Name: " . $row['name']
. "<br>";
●​ }
●​ } else {
●​ echo "Error: " . mysqli_error($connection);
●​ }
●​
●​ mysqli_close($connection);
 Why not the others?

●​ query($connection, $query);: This is not a valid PHP function.

●​ sql_execute($query);: This is not a valid PHP function.
●​ mysql_execute($connection, $query);: This is not a valid function in either the
mysql or mysqli extension. Note that the mysql_* functions are deprecated and
removed in PHP 7+.

The correct way is to use mysqli_query().

4o

You said:

Which PHP function is used to fetch a single row as an associative array from a result set? 1
mysqli_fetch_assoc($result); 2 mysqli_fetch_array($result); 3 mysqli_fetch_row($result);
4 fetch_single_row($result);

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

The correct answer is:

1. mysqli_fetch_assoc($result);

Explanation:

In PHP, the function mysqli_fetch_assoc() is used to fetch a single row from the result set
as an associative array. The keys of the array are the column names, and the values are the
corresponding data for that row.

Example:

php

CopyEdit

●​ $connection = mysqli_connect("hostname", "username", "password",

"database");
●​
●​ if (!$connection) {
●​ die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
●​ }
 ●​
●​ $query = "SELECT * FROM users";
●​ $result = mysqli_query($connection, $query);
●​
●​ if ($result) {
●​ $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result); // Fetch a single row as
an associative array
●​ echo "User ID: " . $row['id'] . ", Name: " . $row['name'] .
"<br>";
●​ } else {
●​ echo "Error: " . mysqli_error($connection);
●​ }
●​
●​ mysqli_close($connection);

Why not the others?

●​ mysqli_fetch_array($result);: This function fetches a row as both an

associative and numeric array, but it does not return only an associative array.
●​ mysqli_fetch_row($result);: This function fetches a row as a numeric array,
where each field is represented by its position in the row (e.g., $row[0] for the first
field).
●​ fetch_single_row($result);: This is not a valid PHP function.

Therefore, mysqli_fetch_assoc($result) is the correct choice.

4o mini

You said:

6 How can you limit the number of results returned in a SQL query using PHP? 1 Add LIMIT
in the query: $query = "SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT 5"; 2 Use $result->limit(5);
in PHP. 3 Add LIMIT 5 inside PHP code, not in SQL. 4 Limit the results in the database
settings.

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

The correct answer is:

1. Add LIMIT in the query: $query = "SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT 5";

Explanation:

To limit the number of results returned by a SQL query in PHP, you use the LIMIT clause
directly in your SQL query. The LIMIT clause specifies the maximum number of rows to return.

Example:

php

CopyEdit

●​ $connection = mysqli_connect("hostname", "username", "password",

"database");
●​
●​ if (!$connection) {
●​ die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
●​ }
●​
●​ $query = "SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 5"; // Limit to 5 rows
●​ $result = mysqli_query($connection, $query);
●​
●​ if ($result) {
●​ while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
●​ echo "User ID: " . $row['id'] . ", Name: " . $row['name']
. "<br>";
●​ }
●​ } else {
●​ echo "Error: " . mysqli_error($connection);
●​ }
●​
●​ mysqli_close($connection);

Why not the others?

●​ Use $result->limit(5); in PHP.: This is not a valid PHP function. The LIMIT
clause should be part of the SQL query itself.
 ●​ Add LIMIT 5 inside PHP code, not in SQL.: Limiting results must be done in
the SQL query, not in the PHP code.
●​ Limit the results in the database settings.: This is not a standard
approach. Limiting results is typically done in the SQL query itself.

The correct method is to use the LIMIT clause in the SQL query as shown in option 1.

4o mini

You said:

Which SQL function can be used to calculate the total sum of a column? 1
SUM(column_name) 2 COUNT(column_name) 3 AVG(column_name) 4
TOTAL(column_name)

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

The correct answer is:

1. SUM(column_name)

Explanation:

The SUM() function in SQL is used to calculate the total sum of a column. It adds up all the
values in the specified column and returns the total.

Example:

sql

CopyEdit

●​ SELECT SUM(salary) AS total_salary FROM employees;

This query would calculate the total sum of all the salaries from the salary column in the
employees table.

Why not the others?

●​ COUNT(column_name): This function counts the number of rows in a column, not the
sum of values.
 ●​ AVG(column_name): This function calculates the average (mean) of a column, not the
total sum.
●​ TOTAL(column_name): This is not a valid SQL function.

Therefore, SUM(column_name) is the correct function to calculate the total sum of a column.

4o mini

You said:

How do you define a foreign key constraint in a MySQL table? 1 FOREIGN KEY
(column_name) REFERENCES table_name(column_name); 2 FOREIGN
(column_name) LINK table_name(column_name); 3 SET FOREIGN KEY
(column_name) = table_name(column_name); 4 CONSTRAINT FOREIGN LINK
column_name IN table_name(column_name);

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

The correct answer is:

1. FOREIGN KEY (column_name) REFERENCES table_name(column_name);

Explanation:

To define a foreign key constraint in MySQL, you use the FOREIGN KEY keyword followed by
the column name that references another table and the REFERENCES keyword with the name of
the referenced table and column.

Example:

sql

CopyEdit

●​ CREATE TABLE orders (

●​ order_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
●​ customer_id INT,
●​ FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customers(customer_id)
●​ );
In this example, the customer_id column in the orders table is a foreign key that references
the customer_id column in the customers table.

Why not the others?

●​ FOREIGN (column_name) LINK table_name(column_name);: This is not valid

SQL syntax for defining foreign keys.
●​ SET FOREIGN KEY (column_name) = table_name(column_name);: This is not
valid SQL syntax for defining foreign keys.
●​ CONSTRAINT FOREIGN LINK column_name IN table_name(column_name);:
This is not valid SQL syntax for defining foreign keys.

The correct way to define a foreign key constraint is FOREIGN KEY (column_name)
REFERENCES table_name(column_name); as shown in option 1.

4o mini

You said:

What is the purpose of Postman in API development? 1 To test and validate API endpoints 2
To manage database connections. 3 To automate PHP code generation. 4 To store SQL
queries.

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

The correct answer is:

1. To test and validate API endpoints

Explanation:

Postman is a popular API testing tool that allows developers to create, test, and validate API
requests. It provides a user-friendly interface to send HTTP requests (GET, POST, PUT,
DELETE, etc.) to API endpoints, view responses, and analyze data. It's particularly useful for
ensuring that APIs work as expected during development.

Key features of Postman:

●​ Send requests to API endpoints with various HTTP methods.

●​ Set request parameters, headers, and body content.
●​ View response status, headers, and data.
●​ Automate testing and validate API functionality.
●​ Group API requests into collections for organization and sharing.
 Why not the others?

●​ To manage database connections.: Postman does not manage database

connections. It's focused on API testing, not database management.
●​ To automate PHP code generation.: Postman does not generate PHP code. It's
used for testing and interacting with APIs, not code generation.
●​ To store SQL queries.: Postman is not designed to store SQL queries. It's for
testing APIs, not for managing databases or SQL code.

Thus, Postman is primarily used for testing and validating API endpoints.

●​