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Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

The document provides an overview of the basics of Information Technology, defining data as raw information and information as processed data. It emphasizes the importance of information for decision-making in organizations and describes the functional units of a computer system, including the input unit, Central Processing Unit (CPU), and memory unit. The CPU is further explained through its components: Arithmetic and Logic Unit, Control Unit, and Memory Unit.

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Babasaheb Gaikwad
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39 views10 pages

Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology

The document provides an overview of the basics of Information Technology, defining data as raw information and information as processed data. It emphasizes the importance of information for decision-making in organizations and describes the functional units of a computer system, including the input unit, Central Processing Unit (CPU), and memory unit. The CPU is further explained through its components: Arithmetic and Logic Unit, Control Unit, and Memory Unit.

Uploaded by

Babasaheb Gaikwad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Information Technology

Chapter 1: Basics of Information


Technology

( 11th Science & Commerce )


What is Data and Information?

• Data: Information in raw or unorganized form


such as alphabets, numbers, or symbols that
refer to, represent, condition, ideas, or
objects. Data is limitless and present
processed by a computer, for output as usable
information.
• Information: Processed data is known as
information. It is formatted in a manner that
allows it to be utilized to persons in a
significant way. When the data is interpreted,
organized and formatted one can collect
proper information.
• Give examples of data and information.
• SOLUTION
• Example of Data : Umbar, 1234, Xyz, MG Road,
Calcutta, 9111111111, 84084
• Example of Information : Xyz, 1234, MG Road,
Umbar 84084, Calcutta, 9111111111
Need of information
• Information is required to take short term and
long term decisions and also to make strategic
decisions in an organization.
• Since we live in the “Information age”,
Information Technology has become a part of
our everyday life.
Various concepts used under IT
• Computer :
An electronic device which accepts input from
the user, processes it according to the
instructions given to it and gives the required
result in the form of output, is a computer.
Explain functional units of a computer
system.
• SOLUTION
• Computer system has following three basic
components:
• Input unit
• As input device is any hardware device that sends data
to a computer, allowing you to interacts with and
controls it. Data can be in the form of words, symbols,
number etc. The function of the input device is to
direct commands and data into computer.
• For example keyboard, mouse, scanners, digital
cameras, joysticks, and microphones.
Block Diagram of Computer: Input Unit, Control Unit, Memory Unit
• Central Processing Unit
After receiving data and commands from the
user, a computer system has to process the
instructions provided using Central Processing
Unit (CPU). It has three elements:
• (a) Arithmetic and Logic Unit:
An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a major
component of the-central processing unit of a
computer system. It does all processes related
to arithmetic and logic operations like add,
subtract, multiply etc.
• (b) Control Unit: The control unit (CU) is a
component of a computer's central processing
unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the
processor. It tells the computer’s memory,
arithmetic and logic unit and input and output
devices how to respond to the instructions
that have been sent to the processor.
• (c) Memory Unit: Memory unit is the amount
of data that can be stored in the storage unit.
Once the data has been entered using input
devices, the system stores the data in the
memory unit.

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