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Physics Chapter 5 Basic Definitions (Notes) (2)

The document provides class notes on circular motion, focusing on key concepts such as angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration. It defines these terms, explains their relationships, and describes how to determine their directions using the right-hand rule. The notes also differentiate between average and instantaneous values for angular velocity and acceleration.

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Sharjeel Khan
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2 views

Physics Chapter 5 Basic Definitions (Notes) (2)

The document provides class notes on circular motion, focusing on key concepts such as angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration. It defines these terms, explains their relationships, and describes how to determine their directions using the right-hand rule. The notes also differentiate between average and instantaneous values for angular velocity and acceleration.

Uploaded by

Sharjeel Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter Name: Circular

Physics Part 1 Class Notes Chapter No 5


Motion
Topic: Basic Definitions Page no 100 to 104 Page 1

Q1.Define and explain the term angular displacement?


Answer: Definition

The angle subtended at the center of circle by an arc along which it moves in a given
time is known as angular displacement. The SI unit of angular displacement is radian.
The other units of angular displacement are degrees and revolution.

Explanation

Consider the motion of a particle P in a circular path of radius. Suppose this motion is
taking place by attaching a particle P at the end of a massless rigid rod of length r
whose other end is pivoted at the center O of the circular path as shown in Fig. (a).

As the particle is moving on the circular path, the rod OP rotates in plane of the circle.
The axis of rotation passes through pivot O and is normal to the plane of rotation. In Fig
(b), the z-axis is taken as axis of rotation.

When OP is rotating, suppose at any instant t, its position is OP 1, making an angle θ with
x-axis. At later time t+∆ t, its position be OP2 making an angle θ +∆ θ with x-axis

Result

“Angle ∆ θ defines the angular displacement of OP during the time interval ∆ t,


for very small values of∆ θ , the angular displacement is a vector quantity.”

Q2. What is the relationship between arc length and corresponding angular
displacement for an object moving in a circle?
Answer: If a body moves in a circle of radius r, then the angular displacement θ covered
by the object is given by

Chapter Name: Circular


Physics Part 1 Class Notes Chapter No 5
Motion
Topic: Basic Definitions Page no 100 to 104 Page 2
Q3.How can we determine the direction of angular displacement?
Answer: The direction of angular displacement is along the axis of rotation and is given
by
right hand rule as shown in figure.

So according to right hand rule we can write

“Grasp the axis of rotation in right hand with figure curling in the direction of rotation,
then the erected thumb points in the direction of angular displacement”.

Q4. Define the following terms corresponding to the circular motion


1. Angular Velocity
2. Average Angular Velocity
3. Instantaneous Angular Velocity
Answer:

1. Angular Velocity

The rate of change of angular displacement is called the angular velocity. It determines
how fast or slow a body is rotating. It is denoted by ω .

The angular velocity is a vector quantity.

S.I Units

SI unit is (radian / second). The other units of angular velocity are revolution per second
and degree per second.

Chapter Name: Circular


Physics Part 1 Class Notes Chapter No 5
Motion
Topic: Basic Definitions Page no 100 to 104 Page 3

Dimensions

[LT-1]
Direction

The direction of angular velocity can be found using right hand rule

“Grasp the axis of rotation in right hand with figure curling in the direction of rotation,
then the erected thumb points in the direction of angular velocity”.

2. Average Angular Velocity

The ratio of total angular displacement to total interval of time during circular motion is
called average angular velocity.

Let ∆ θ is the angular displacement during the time interval ∆ t , the average angular
velocity during this interval is given by

∆θ
ω av =
∆t

3. Instantaneous Angular Velocity

The angular velocity of the object at any instant of time is called instantaneous angular
velocity. OR The limiting value of angular average velocity as the time interval
approaches to zero is called instantaneous angular velocity.

If ∆ θ is the angular displacement during the time interval ∆ t , then its instantaneous
angular
velocity is described by the relation

In the limit when ∆ t approaches zero, the angular displacement will be infinitesimally
small. So it will be a vector quantity. Its direction will be along axis of rotation and is
given by right hand rule.

Chapter Name: Circular


Physics Part 1 Class Notes Chapter No 5
Motion
Topic: Basic Definitions Page no 100 to 104 Page 4

Q5. Define the following terms corresponding to the circular motion


1. Angular Acceleration
2. Average Angular Acceleration
3. Instantaneous Angular Acceleration
Answer:

1. Angular Acceleration
The time rate of change of angular velocity is called angular acceleration. It is denoted
by “α ”.
It is a vector quantity and its direction is along the axis of rotation.

The SI unit of angular acceleration is (rads -2) .Other units are (revs-2) and (rev min-2).

Dimensions

[LT-2]

2. Average Angular Acceleration

The ratio of the total change in angular velocity to the total interval of time is called
average angular acceleration.
Let ω i and are ω f the angular velocities at instants t i and tf, respectively. The average
angular
acceleration during interval is given by

3. Instantaneous Angular Acceleration

The angular acceleration of the body at any instant of time is called instantaneous
angular
acceleration. Or the limiting value of angular average acceleration as the time interval
approaches to zero is called instantaneous angular acceleration.

If Δ ωis the angular velocity during the time interval Δ t , as Δ t approaches to zero, then
the instantaneous angular acceleration is given by

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