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Stress and Adaptation

The document discusses the concept of stress, defining it as a response to changes that require physical, mental, or emotional adjustments. It categorizes stress into positive (eustress) and negative stress, along with different types such as acute, episodic, and chronic stress. Additionally, it outlines the stress cycle, causes of stress, and its manifestations in physical, psychological, and behavioral forms.

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Shikhatirkey
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10 views7 pages

Stress and Adaptation

The document discusses the concept of stress, defining it as a response to changes that require physical, mental, or emotional adjustments. It categorizes stress into positive (eustress) and negative stress, along with different types such as acute, episodic, and chronic stress. Additionally, it outlines the stress cycle, causes of stress, and its manifestations in physical, psychological, and behavioral forms.

Uploaded by

Shikhatirkey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRESS AND ADAPTATION

INTRODUCATION- Stress is a part of life, everyone feels stress at one


time or another and it is effect the human system response or to change in the
environment that is perceive as a challenge ,treat or a danger and can have both
positive and negative effects. Stress effect the whole person in all the human
dimension (physical ,emotional, intellectual , social and spiritual ) the
perception of stress and the response to it are highly individualised not only
from person to person but also from one time to another in the same person ,
each person perception of response to stress are structured in his or her culture,
family, genetic , inheritance and life experience.

ADAPTATION-When a person is a threatening situation ,immediate


response occure ,those response which are often are called coping response.
Adaptation is ongoing process a person strives to maintain balance in his or her
internal and external environment .
2) It is ability to tolerance changing situation and the ability to response to
physical and emotional stressor.

STRESSOR- Stressor may be either internal (illness ,hormonal changes and


fear) or external(loud ,noise or cold temperature ) as with stress the perception
and effect of the stressor are highly individual stressor themselves positive and
negative effect as person response to change.

DEFINITION-Stress is a body response to change that required a physical,


mental, emotional adjustment or response.
2) Stress is the bodys way of resonding to any kind of demand . it can be caused
by good and bad experiences.
3) A physical , mental, and emotional response to events that caused bodily or
mental tension.
4) Stress is a demand made upon the adaptation capacities of the mind body.
- According to David Fontana .
Types of stress-

Stress

Positive stress
Negative stress

POSITIVE STRESS- positive stress to help us achieve at a higher level ,it is


called eustress .It can motivate us to reach goal.

Eg.- Starting a job


Marriage
Buying a car
Taking a vacation
Moving
NEGATIVE STRESS-Negative stress arises because our normal routine is
constantly altered ,and adjusted ,while we try to adapt to new situation and
face to distress.
Example-The death of spouse
Filling for divorse
Losing contact with loves ones
The death of a family members
Hospitalization
Injury or illness
Unemployment
Sleep problems
Money problems
Conflict in interpersonal relationship
Other types of
Stress-
 Acute stress
 Episodic stress
 Chronic stress
1) Acute stress- It is the type of stress .We
experience an a day basis, and it is short stress
and it is disappear quickly
Example- Study of final exam
2) Episodic stress- When a person reraly gets stress
that is called episodic acute stress ,this type of
stress usually goes on for longer period of time
with relief.
3) Chronic stress- It is characterized by as long
term,where there is little hope for relief there as
long term situations and that can exits for weeks
month or in worst care even year.
Eg.-Poverty ,illness etc.
STRESS CYCLE-
 In stress cycle consist of-
1) Stressor
2) Reaction to stress
3) Wear & tear on body & organ system
4) Reduced optimum health
5) Increased sensitivity to stress
stressor

Increased Reaction
sensitivity to
stress to stress

Reduced wear & tear on


optimum body and
health organ system

Stress cycle

1. STRESSOR:- Often stress management begins with the stressor – the thing that cause
the stress, from work deadlines to sick relatives, if only you didn’t have the stressor in your
life.

2. REACTION TO STRESS:- once there is a stressor, the next step is our reaction to it, what is
the major to one person is no long deal to another.

Eg.- many religious seek to give helpful advice to control you reactions from asking god to
help , to understanding how we are all one, spiritual advice tries to reduce the feeling of
helplessness and is bring out of control, feeling protected can make stressful situations
feeling less dangerous. If you feel stressed from the stressor, your body begins a huge
chemical change to prepare yourself to confront the stressor.

3. WEAR & TEAR ON BODY AND ORGAN SYSTEM :- There is a lot of information about
stress and its effect on our body. When you become stressed , if you do not correct the
stressor, the same stress reactions which at first helped you to cope, will now begin to wear
you down.

The chemicals that you release when under stress are not meant to
be in your body long term without rest and emotions will not function well, and set the
stage for disease.
4. REDUCED OPTIMUM HEALTH:- after a sustain period of chronic stress with little or no
relief, your body will wear down . This can invite more serious disease like high blood
pressor, heart problems , diabetes , skin conditions, asthma, arthritis, depression and even
cancer. Many many diseases are associated with the high chronic stress.

5. INCREASED SENSITIVITY TO STRESS:- While your body is wearing down and fighting
disease, and your emotions are worm and exhausted your sensitivity to stress increases.
This is why “people fly off the handle” at very small events, overtime a smaller and smaller
stressor, will initiate the same stress reaction that a big event used to get.

CAUSES OF STRESS
1. Stressor related to personality-
 Type of personality
 Irrational belief
 Poor habbit
 Poor decision making
 Poor time sense
 Non assertion

2. Personal stressor-
 Improper life style
 Loneliness
 Poor physical health
 Loss of property
 Marital conflict
 Language barrier

3. Environmental stressor-
 Pollution
 Noise
 Hygiene
 Extreme hot / cold
 Overcrowding

4. Stressor related to job-


 Poor knowledge of job
 Work overload
 Poor leadership
 Job insecurity
 Shift work

5. Other -
 Injury
 Death of loved one
 Hospitalization
 Fear

MANIFESTATION OF STRESS:-

stress
psychological behavioural
physical stress
stress stress

A) Physical stress:-
1. Peptic ulcer
2. Hypotension
3. Chronic fatigue
4. Hormonal changes
5. Increased heart rate

B) Psychological stress :-
1. Anxiety
2. Depression
3. Hypotension
4. Hopelessness
5. Anger

C) Behavioural stress:-
1. Making mistake
2. Sleeplessness
3. Poor judgement
4. Inability to take decision.

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