STEEL

Credits: Ar. Kunal engineer, Ar.Krupali

 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
METAL
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)

▪ Metal is an element, compound or alloy that is a good conductor of

MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE
both electricity and heat.
PROPERTIES
TYPES

APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS

USES

JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD

EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
DEFINATION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
➢ Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that is widely used in
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE construction and other applications because of its hardness and
tensile strength.
PROPERTIES
TYPES
➢ Steel is a Malleable Alloy of Iron and
Metals
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS Carbon (not over 2%) with substantial
Ferrous Non-
USES
quantities of Manganese. Ferrous

➢ Steel used in construction is mild steel. Iron Copper &

JOINTING
FORMS
Alloys
METHOD
Pig iron
Aluminium
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS
Cast iron
Zinc
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV Wrought
iron
DISADVANTAGE Tin
FORMS
S Steel

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
Cobalt
 ❑ HISTORY OF STEEL IN BUILDING
➢ Steel Buildings – Symbol of Modern
CONSTRUCTION Architecture
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Steel is crucial in development of Mill at Derby- 1793
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
By William Strut, wooden beams sheeted in iron
economy and is considered as backbone
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE of human civilization.

1780-1840 Cast Iron

PROPERTIES
TYPES
Arched shaped bridges up to 30 m
span
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
1840-1890 Wrought Iron
Span up to 100 m
USES Dithering Flax Mill-1797 first fully integrated iron-
framed building, oldest iron framed building in the world,
1870-1920 Bessemer Converter by Charles Bage
JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD
Intro. Carbon Steel

EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS
1920- To Third most popular material
Date after Concrete and Timber

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE ➢ Important milestones in Architecture

FORMS
S was development of iron and steel in
construction.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION 4
 ADVANTAGES OF USING STEEL IN STRUCTURES
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
➢ High strength
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE
➢ The high ratio of strength to weight (the strength per unit weight)
➢ Excellent ductility and seismic resistance
PROPERTIES
TYPES ➢ Elasticity, uniformity of material
➢ The specific strength is a material's strength (force per unit area at
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
failure) divided by its density. It is also known as the strength-to-
USES
weight ratio or strength/weight ratio. In fiber or textile applications

JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD

EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 WHAT ARE STEEL STRUCTURES ?
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
➢ A structure which is made from organised combination of structural
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE STEEL members designed to carry loads and provide adequate rigidity
➢ Steel structures involve a sub-structure or members in a building made
PROPERTIES
TYPES
from structural steel.
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS SOME FAMOUS STEEL STRUCTURES ARE

USES
WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL,US TYNE BRIDGE,UK HOWRAH BRIDGE,INDIA

JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD

EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 COAL
IRON VOLATILE COAL &
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION DUST
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL) COMPONENTS

MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE MAGNETIC
SEPRATOR CO2 AND
PROPERTIES
TYPES
WASTE CO AND
GASES OTHER
MULTI HEARTH FURNACES
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
GASES

USES
RPCC

JOINTING
DE VOLATILE COAL
FORMS
METHOD & PC
KILN SLAG
IMPURITIES
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV
ELECTRIC
MELTER
LIMESTONE
DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

Steel Making Process

CONCLUSION MOLTEN IRON
CONCLUSION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjWWcsocnJk&t=13s
 STEEL MAKING PROCESS
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)

MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE

PROPERTIES
TYPES

APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS

USES

JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD

EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 TYPES OF STEEL
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
1. Mild steel or carbon steel :
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE This type of steel accounts for around 90% of total steel production. Most of the steel we find all
around is made from this grade of steel because of its strong and durable nature. Carbon Steel
contains less than 2% carbon without any purposeful alloying additions. Depending on the
PROPERTIES
TYPES
amount of carbon present, Carbon Steel is categorized into three main classes. They are

APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS Low Carbon Steel or Mild Steel: This grade of steel is the least expensive type and quite common in
use. Low Carbon Steel or Mild Steel contains up to 0.3% carbon. It possesses very good
formability and finds wide structural application. Medium Carbon Steel: This type of carbon steel
USES
contains 0.31% to 0.6% carbon and 0.31% to 1.60% magnesium.

JOINTING
FORMS Medium carbon steels are stronger than mild steel, but with an increase in carbon content, the
METHOD
formability reduces. They can be found in applications like gears, railroad tracks, cranks,
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS
machinery parts, pressure structures, etc. The properties of medium carbon steel lie in between
mild steel and high carbon steel.

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV
High Carbon Steel: High carbon steel grades contain more than 0.6% carbon and 0.31 % to 0.9%
magnesium. This type of steel has the maximum strength and hardness with the lowest ductility
DISADVANTAGE
FORMS and formability. High carbon steels find their application in bars, plates, spring steel, knives, taps,
S
wire drawing dies, cutters, etc.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 TYPES OF STEEL
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL) 2. ALLOY STEEL
Alloy steels contain one or more alloying elements (nickel, manganese, titanium, copper,
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE silicon, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, and aluminum) in varying
proportions. Purposeful addition of these alloying elements is done to manipulate the
steel’s properties as required for different applications. Specific properties like
PROPERTIES
TYPES
hardenability, corrosion resistance, strength, formability, weldability, or ductility can be
improved on alloy steels based on applications. Alloy steels are widely available, costlier
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS than common carbon steels, and finds their applications in pipelines, transformers, power
generators, auto parts, and electric motors. Depending upon the combination of alloying
additions, different grades of alloy steels are available. The most widely used alloy steel
USES
types are provided below:

JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD • Tungsten Steel for high heat resistance
• Nickel Steel for toughness.
• Manganese Steel for excellent wear resistance and work hardening
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS
• Vanadium Steel for high shock and vibration resistance.
• Chromium Steel for corrosion and wear resistance.
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV • Chromium-Vanadium Steel for high tensile strength along with ductility.
• Silicon Steel for producing permanent magnets.
DISADVANTAGE
FORMS • Molybdenum Steel for good corrosion resistance, weldability, and toughness.
S
• Cobalt Steel for tremendous corrosion resistance, wear resistance, hightemperature strength, and magnetic
properties.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
• Aluminum Steel for low weight along with high strength
 TYPES OF STEEL
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL) 3. STAINLESS STEEL
Stainless steels are made of 10 to 20% chromium as the main alloying element. This
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE grade of steel is highly popular due to its appearance and high corrosion resistance.
Stainless steels with more than 11% chromium is approximately 200 times more resistant
PROPERTIES
TYPES to corrosion as compared to carbon steel. They are expensive and widely used in the
form of plates, sheets, bars, tubes, and wires. Depending on the crystalline structure and
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS composition of stainless steels, this type of steel is sub-divided into five categories as
provided below:
USES
Austenitic Stainless Steel:
JOINTING Austenitic stainless steels are non-magnetic and non-heat-treatable, and generally
FORMS
METHOD
contain 18% chromium, 8% nickel, and less than 0.8% carbon. They form the largest
portion of the global stainless steel market and are widely used in food processing
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS
equipment, kitchen utensils, and piping.

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV
Ferritic Stainless Steel:
Ferritic steels contain trace amounts of nickel, 12-17% of chromium, less than 0.1%
DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S carbon, and molybdenum, aluminum, or titanium in small quantities. They are tough,
strong, and magnetic and can be further strengthened by cold working. They are used
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
To manufacture domestic hardware, kitchen sinks etc
 TYPES OF STEEL
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL) 3. STAINLESS STEEL

MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE Martensitic Stainless Steel:
Martensitic stainless steels contain 11-17% chromium, less than 0.4% nickel, and up to
PROPERTIES
TYPES 1.2% carbon. These magnetic and heat-treatable steels are used in knives and cutting
tools, as well as dental and surgical equipment.
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS

USES Duplex Stainless Steels:

This type of stainless contains a combination of ferritic and austenitic structures in their
JOINTING crystal structure. DSS materials are weld able, corrosion-resistant, and possess high
FORMS
METHOD
strength.

EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 TYPES OF STEEL
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL) 2. TOOL STEEL

MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE Tool Steels are a variety of abrasion-resistant, high-hardness steel types that make them
suitable for use as manufacturing tools. Tool steels are available in form of round, square,
PROPERTIES
TYPES or flat bars and used to make hammers, dies, molds, cutting tools, etc. Common alloying
elements of tool steels are molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, and cobalt, which makes
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS them heat-resistant, durable, and strong. Six grades of tool steels are widely used in
industries. They are
USES

JOINTING Air-hardening tool steels

FORMS
METHOD
Water-hardening
High Speed
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS
Hot-working
Shock-resisting types
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV
Oil-hardening

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
Magnetic properties of steel
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE • Following are the properties of various elements in steel for making it to achieve better
magnetic properties:
PROPERTIES
TYPES 1. Carbon: desirable to keep carbon content as low as
possible and it should not exceed 0.10%
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS

2. Silicon: presence of silicon results in considerable

USES
increase of electrical losses and hence it is highly
JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD
undesirable
3. Sulphur and phosphorous: if combined content of
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS
sulphur and phosphorous exceeds about 0.30%,
the magnetic properties of steel are greatly
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV
affected
DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S
4. Manganese: if content of manganese exceeds
about 0.30%, it proves to be injurious to the
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
magnetic properties of steel
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL) CHARACTERISTICS
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE
– High Strength
PROPERTIES
TYPES
– Uniformity
– Elasticity
APPLICATIONS
–
CHARACTERISTICS
Ductility
USES – Toughness
JOINTING
– Brittle Fracture
FORMS
METHOD

EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
USES OF STEEL
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
NAME OF STEEL CARBON CONTENT USES
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE
MILD STEEL UPTO 0.10% Motor body ,sheet metal ,tin plate etc.
PROPERTIES
TYPES
UPTO 0.25% Boiler plats ,structural sheets etc.
UPTO 0.45% Rails ,tyres etc.
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
UPTO 0.60% Hammers ,large stamping ,pressing dies etc.
USES HARD STEEL UPTO 0.75% Sledge hammer ,springs ,stamping dies etc.
UPTO 0.90% Miner’s drills ,smith’s tools ,stone mason’s tools etc.
JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD
UPTO 1.00% Chisels ,hammers ,saws ,wood working tools etc.
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS UPTO 1.10% Axes ,cutlery ,drills ,knives ,picks ,punches etc.

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

• It is also required for the existence of the heavy and light engineering
DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S industries, for ship building, railways and rolling stock, automobiles,
sheet metal industries, power generation, electrical industries, etc.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
USES OF STEEL
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)

MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE

PROPERTIES
TYPES

APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS

USES
Architectural cladding Handrails and balustrading Roofing
JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD

EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
Drainage and rainwater supplies Wall support products
 ➢ Different from double-grazing concept, façade STEEL IN FACADES
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
design using louver was investigated for adapting climates,
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL) effective to renew the design of the building
➢ Particularly well suited for the facades of buildings, steel is a
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE functional, practical, and long lasting material with a universal
aesthetic appeal.
PROPERTIES
TYPES SUN SHADING

APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS

USES

JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD

EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION M.Arch- J.M.I. New Delhi 18
EXTERIOR FACADES
 LANDSCAPE FURNITURE

VERTICAL Columns

Because of its exceptional properties, It has

been chosen for a variety of applications.
M.Arch- J.M.I. New Delhi 19
• PARKS & RECREATION ART & SCULPTURES
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
JOINTING METHODS OF STEEL
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)

Temporary methods:
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE
1. Bolting
PROPERTIES
TYPES
Permanent structure:
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
1. Welding
2. Riveting
USES

JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD
The selection of a particular jointing method is based on many
criteria:
EVALUTIONS
• Economic consideration
DEFECTS

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV • Fabricators preference
DISADVANTAGE
• Code requirements
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
BOLTING
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)

• It is mainly used for temporary steel structures for example

MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE
exhibition panels.
PROPERTIES
TYPES • Sometimes during assembly of fabricated components for
example columns they are temporarily bolted to check
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
weather it works or not.
USES

THREAD
JOINTING SHANK
FORMS
METHOD

EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS NUT

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV BOLT

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS Washer(helps in distribution of
S
load)

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION RIVETING
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
TYPES OF RIVETING:- -
RIVET: - • Rivets are metal pins
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE HEAD
that are used for
FULL BUTTON permanently joining
PROPERTIES
TYPES HEAD
two or more
SHANK
structural steel
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS FLATTENED
HEAD members.

USES
COUNTER SUNK

JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD -Butt joint
COUNTER SUNK
FLUSHED HEAD
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S - Lap joint

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
DEFECTS IN STEEL
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
Defects Information Image
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE
Cavities & Blow- •There are formed when GAS is
holes CONFINED or IMPRISONED in the
PROPERTIES
TYPES molten of metal.
•Confined GAS produces bubbles or
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
blow-holes on solidification of metal.

USES

JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD
Cold Shortness •The steel, having cracks when being
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS
worked in cold state.
•Due to the presence of excess
amount of phosphorus.
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Defects Information Image
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
Red Shortness •The steel having cracks
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE
when being worked in hot
state.
•Due to the presence of
PROPERTIES
TYPES
excess amount of Sulphur.

APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS

USES

JOINTING Segregation •Some Component of steel

FORMS
METHOD solidify at an early stage
and they come out from
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS the main mass.
•It is prominent on the top
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV surface of the ingots or
castings.
DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 ADVANTAGE DIS-ADVANTAGE
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
▪ Steel Is A Predominate Material For The ▪ Steel Has All This Advantages As
Construction Of Bridges, Buildings, Towers Structural Material, It Also Has Many
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE
And Other Structures. Disadvantages That Make Reinforced
Concrete As A Replacement For
PROPERTIES
TYPES
Construction Purposes.
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
▪ Steel Exhibit Desirable Physical ▪ The Disadvantages Of Steel Can Be
USES
Properties That Make It One Of The Most Summarized As Follow:
Versatile Structural Material In Use. ▪Maintenance Cost
JOINTING
FORMS
▪Fireproofing Cost
METHOD
▪Susceptibility To Bulking
▪Fatigue
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV ▪ Its Great Strength, Uniformity, Light
Weight, Ease Of Use And Many Other
DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S
Desirable Properties Make It The Material
Of The Choice For Numerous Structures
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION Such As Steel Bridges, High Rise Buildings,
Tower And Other Structures.
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
MARKET FORMS OF STEEL
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
Following are the standard shapes in which the rolled steel
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE
sections are available in the market;
PROPERTIES
TYPES
• Angle sections • Round bars
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS • Channel sections • Square bars
USES
• Corrugated sheets • Flat bars
JOINTING
• Expanded metal • Ribbed mild steel bars
FORMS
METHOD
• T-sections • TMT bars
EVALUTIONS
• •
DEFECTS
I-sections CTD bars
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV
• Plates • Welded wire fabrics
DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S • Ribbed (HYSD) bars
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 MARKET FORMS OF STEEL
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
• Built in section are made using different standard section
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE mentioned above.
• These are used to stand heavier load.
PROPERTIES
TYPES

APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS

USES

JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD

EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 Market forms of steel Information Image
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
Angle section
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE

PROPERTIES
TYPES

(i) Equal section •Available Sizes Are

20mm*20mm*3mm TO
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
200mm*200mm*25mm.
•Uses
USES •In parking shades
•In trusses
JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD

EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS

(ii) Unequal section •Are Available In

30mm*20mm*3mm TO
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV
200mm*150mm*25mm
•Uses
DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S •In Staircase.

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 Market Information Image
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
forms of
steel
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE

Corrugated •These Are Form Ed By Passing Steel Sheets Through

PROPERTIES
TYPES
Grooves.
sheet
•Corrugated sheets are usually galvanized and are
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS referred to as G.I. sheets
•Widely used for roof covering

USES

JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD
Expanded •These Form Of Steel Available In Different Shape And
Size.
metal
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS •It Is Prepared From Sheets Of Mild Steel.
•Used For R.C.C. Foundations , bridges , roads Etc..
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV •Also used in protection

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 Market Information Images
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION forms of
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
steel
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE T-section • Available sizes are 20mm*20mm*3mm to
150mm*150mm*10mmm.
• Widely used as member of steel roof
PROPERTIES
TYPES
trusses and to built-up sections

APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS

USES

JOINTING
FORMS I-section •Also Known As The Rolled Steel Joists Or
METHOD
Beams.
•Available Sizes Are 75mm*50mm To
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS
600mm*210mm.
•The Bureau Of Indian Standard Has
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV Classified The I-section Into Junior Beams
And Light Beam.
DISADVANTAGE
•Suitable for floor beams, lintels, columns,
FORMS
S etc.

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 Market Information Image
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
forms of
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
steel
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE
Plates • Available in different sizes with thickness
varying from 5mm to 50mm.
• Uses
PROPERTIES
TYPES •To connect steel beams for extension of
the length
•To serve as tension members of steel
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
roof truss

USES

JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD

Channel Section •It Consist Of A Web With Two Equal

EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS Flanges.
•Available In Size From 100mm*45mm To
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV
400mm*100mm.
•Used as the structural members of the
steel framed structures
DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 Market Information Image
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL) forms of
steel
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE
Round bars •Available in circular cross-section with
diameters varying from 5mm to 250mm
PROPERTIES
TYPES •Used as reinforcement in concrete
structure, construction of steel grill-
work,beam etc.
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS

USES

JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD
Square Bars •Available in square cross-section with
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS sides varying from 5mm to 250 mm.
•Used in the construction of steel grill-
work, for windows, gates etc.
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION Market Information Image
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
forms of
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE steel
Flat Bars •Available sizes are from 10mm to 400 mm
PROPERTIES
TYPES with thickness varying from 3mm to 40mm.
•Widely used in the construction of steel
grillwork for windows & gates.
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS

USES

JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD
Ribbed Mild •These are the hot rolled steel bars but during
rolling steel rods, ribs are produced on them.
Steel Bars
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS •These ribs increase the bond strength of the
bars.
•These bars are weaker than Ribbed bars.
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION Market Information Image
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)
forms of
MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE steel
Thermo- •Sudden quenching of red hot steel
PROPERTIES
TYPES
mechanically bars by a spray of water can produce
treated bars steel bars with high strength at the
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS surface with a core of mild steel
(TMT BARS)
•As the core of the wire is still hot,
USES
the heat inside helps in tempering
the surface.
JOINTING
•More corrosion resistance then cold
FORMS
METHOD twisted bars.
Cold Twisted •1st high strength steel bars in India.
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS
Deformed •Cold twisting introduces residual
Bars stresses in the steel. Hence, these
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV bars corrode much faster then other
(CTD BARS)
steel bars and not used in many
DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S
advanced country.

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 Market forms of steel Information Image

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)

Ribbed bars •High Strength Steel.

MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE •They have ribs or projection on their
surface.
•Their surface twisted individually.
PROPERTIES
TYPES
•Available sizes are from 6mm*50mm
diameter.
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS •Uses
•As reinforcement in concrete
structure
USES

JOINTING
FORMS Welded Wire Fabrics •It is fabricated from a series of wires
METHOD
arranged at right angles to each other
(WWF)
and electrically welded at all
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS
intersection.
•It is mostly used for floor slabs on
ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV well-composed ground

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
CONCLUSION
(ALUMINIUM)
(STEEL)

MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURE
• Strong internal demand and emphasis on developing infrastructure can
be expected to remain the foundation of Economic growth.
PROPERTIES
TYPES • Industry and infrastructure segments can be expected, the key demand
drivers for steel structures in India over the next 5 years.
APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS • Presently, structural steel industry employs the on-site model of
fabrication for industry and infrastructure segments.
USES • Overall, there is good potential for steel structures in India owing to
robust economic growth, increased government spending on
JOINTING
FORMS
METHOD infrastructure and change in mindset with regards to use of structural
steel in building.
EVALUTIONS
DEFECTS

ADVANTAGES
ADV/ DISADV

DISADVANTAGE
FORMS
S

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION 36