ECE CHEAT SHEET

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department wise.
This Cheat Sheet is exclusively for I years 1st sem of ECE Semester Students. We will be
discussing only the conceptual subjects over here, not the laboratory subjects.

1. MATRICES AND CALCULUS

Syllabus:
UNIT-I: Rank of a matrix by Echelon form and Normal form, Inverse of
Nonsingular matrices by GaussJordan method, System of linear equations: Solving
system of Homogeneous and Non-Homogeneous equations by Gauss elimination
method, Gauss Seidel Iteration Method.

UNIT-II: Linear Transformation and Orthogonal Transformation: Eigenvalues,

Eigenvectors and their properties, Diagonalization of a matrix, Cayley-Hamilton
Theorem (without proof), finding inverse and power of a matrix by
Cayley-Hamilton Theorem, Quadratic forms and Nature of the Quadratic Forms,
Reduction of Quadratic form to canonical forms by Orthogonal Transformation.

UNIT-III: Mean value theorems: Rolle’s theorem, Lagrange’s Mean value theorem
with their Geometrical Interpretation and applications, Cauchy’s Mean value
Theorem, Taylor’s Series. Applications of definite integrals to evaluate surface
areas and volumes of revolutions of curves (Only in Cartesian coordinates),
Definition of Improper Integral: Beta and Gamma functions and their applications.

UNIT-IV: Definitions of Limit and continuity. Partial Differentiation: Euler’s

Theorem, Total derivative, Jacobian, Functional dependence & independence.
Applications: Maxima and minima of functions of two variables and three
variables using method of Lagrange multipliers.

UNIT-V: Evaluation of Double Integrals (Cartesian and polar coordinates), change

of order of integration (only Cartesian form), Evaluation of Triple Integrals:
Change of variables (Cartesian to polar) for double and (Cartesian to Spherical and
Cylindrical polar coordinates) for triple integrals. Applications: Areas (by double
integrals) and volumes (by double integrals and triple integrals).
Notes:
● We are providing 2 different types of student notes for M1 Subject
● Most of them are lecture notes and you have unit wise summaries with
examples for these topics
● These notes help you in preparing for your mid semester exam and final
semester exams too

M1 notes- 1
M1 notes- 2

● Last year question Papers:

Previous QP- 1
Previous QP- 2
Important Topics:
● UNIT I: Matrices
○ Rank of a matrix
○ Gauss elimination method
○ Gauss Seidel Iteration Method

● UNIT II: Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

○ Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors and their properties
○ Cayley-Hamilton Theorem
○ Quadratic forms and Nature of the Quadratic Forms

● UNIT III : Calculus

○ Lagrange’s Mean value theorem
○ Cauchy’s Mean value Theorem
○ Applications of definite integrals

● UNIT IV: : Multivariable Calculus (Partial Differentiation and

applications)
○ Definitions of Limit and continuity
○ Euler’s Theorem
○ Applications using method of Lagrange multipliers
 ● UNIT V: Multivariable Calculus (Integration)
○ Evaluation of Double Integrals
○ Evaluation of Triple Integrals
○ Areas and volumes

2. APPLIED PHYSICS
Syllabus:
UNIT - I: Quantum Mechanics: Introduction to quantum physics, blackbody
radiation – Stefan-Boltzmann’s law, Wiens and Rayleigh-Jeans law, Planck’s
radiation law - photoelectric effect - Davisson and Germer experiment
–Heisenberg uncertainty principle - Born interpretation of the wave function –
time independent Schrodinger wave equation - particle in one dimensional
potential box. Solids: Symmetry in solids, free electron theory (Drude & Lorentz,
Sommerfeld) - Fermi-Dirac distribution - Bloch’s theorem -Kronig-Penney
model – E-K diagram- effective mass of electron-origin of energy bands-
classification of solids.

UNIT - II: Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors – Hall effect - direct and indirect
band gap semiconductors - construction, principle of operation and
characteristics of P-N Junction diode, Zener diode and bipolar junction transistor
(BJT)–LED, PIN diode, avalanche photodiode (APD) and solar cells, their structure,
materials, working principle and characteristics.

UNIT - III:Dielectric Materials: Basic definitions- types of polarizations

(qualitative) - ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric materials –
applications – liquid crystal displays (LCD) and crystal oscillators. Magnetic
Materials: Hysteresis - soft and hard magnetic materials - magnetostriction,
magnetoresistance - applications - bubble memory devices, magnetic field
sensors and multiferroics. Energy Materials: Conductivity of liquid and solid
electrolytes- superionic conductors - materials and electrolytes for
supercapacitors - rechargeable ion batteries, solid fuel cells.

UNIT - IV: Nanoscale, quantum confinement, surface to volume ratio, bottom-up

fabrication: sol-gel, precipitation, combustion methods – top-down fabrication:
ball milling - physical vapor deposition(PVD) - chemical vapor deposition (CVD) -
characterization techniques - XRD, SEM & TEM - applications of nanomaterials.

UNIT - V: Lasers: Laser beam characteristics-three quantum processes-Einstein

coefficients and their relations- lasing action - pumping methods- ruby laser,
He-Ne laser , CO2 laser, Argon ion Laser, Nd:YAG laser- semiconductor
laser-applications of laser. Fiber Optics: Introduction to optical fiber- advantages
of optical Fibers - total internal reflection construction of optical fiber -
acceptance angle - numerical aperture- classification of optical fiber losses in
optical fiber - optical fiber for communication system - applications

Notes:
● We are providing 1 whole Applied Physics notes and 5 Unit wise notes for the
Applied Physics Subject
● Most of them are lecture notes and you have unit wise summaries with
examples for these topics
● These notes help you in preparing for your mid semester exam and final
semester exams too

Applied Physics notes-1

Quantum Physics
Semiconductors
Dielectric: Unit- 3
Nanotechnology
Laser and Fibre Optics

● Last year question Papers:

Previous QP-1
Previous QP-2
Important Topics:
● UNIT I: QUANTUM PHYSICS AND SOLIDS
○ Blackbody radiation laws
○ time independent Schrodinger wave equation
○ free electron theory
 ● UNIT II: SEMICONDUCTORS AND DEVICES
○ principle of operation and characteristics of P-N Junction diode
○ Zener diode and bipolar junction transistor (BJT)–LED
○ PIN diode, avalanche photodiode (APD) and solar cells

● UNIT III : DIELECTRIC, MAGNETIC AND ENERGY MATERIALS

○ Types of polarizations
○ Hysteresis
○ Conductivity of liquid and solid electrolytes- superionic
conductors

● UNIT IV: NANOTECHNOLOGY

○ bottom-up fabrication
○ top-down fabrication
○ characterization techniques

● UNIT V: LASER AND FIBER OPTICS

○ ruby laser, He-Ne laser
○ total internal reflection
○ classification and losses of optical fibers

3. C PROGRAMMING FOR ENGINEERS

Syllabus:
UNIT - I:Introduction to Computer Algorithms and Programming Components of
a computer system: Memory, processor, I/O devices, storage, operating system,
the concept of assembler, compiler, interpreter, loader, and linker. From
algorithm to program: Representation of an algorithm, flowchart, Pseudocode
with examples, converting algorithms to programs. Programming Basics:
Structure of C program, writing and executing the first C program, Syntax and
logical errors in compilation, object, and executable code. Components of C
language, standard I/O in C, data types, variables and constants, memory storage,
and storage classes.

UNIT – II:Expressions and Statements Expressions and their evaluation: Operands

and Operators, formation of expressions using arithmetic, relational, logical, and
bitwise operators, precedence and associativity rules, mixed operands, type
conversion, and evaluation of expressions. Statements: Simple and compound
statements, Conditional Branching: if and switch statements, nested if-else,
dangling else problem, use of break and default with switch. Iteration and loops:
use of while, do-while and for loops, nested loops, use of break and continue
statements.

UNIT - III: Functions and Arrays Designing Structured Programs: Introduction to

functions, advantages of modularizing a program into functions, types of
functions, passing parameters to functions: call by value, call by reference, passing
arrays to functions, recursion with example programs. Arrays: Array notation and
representation, manipulating array elements, using multi-dimensional arrays,
character arrays, C strings, string input/output functions, Array of strings, string
manipulation functions with example programs.

UNIT – IV: Pointers and File handling Pointers: Introduction, declaration,

applications, dynamic memory allocation (malloc, calloc, realloc, free), use of
pointers in self-referential structures. File handling: File I/O functions, standard C
pre-processors, defining and calling macros, command line arguments.

UNIT – V: Derived types And Basic Algorithms: Structures, Union, Enums and
Bit-fields: Defining, declaring, and usage of structures, unions, and their arrays,
passing structures, and unions to functions, introduction to enums and bit-fields.
Basic Algorithms: Searching and Sorting Algorithms (Bubble, Insertion, and
Selection), finding roots of equations, notion of order of complexity through
example programs
Notes:
 ● We are providing 1 whole Applied Physics notes and 5 Unit wise notes for the
Applied Physics Subject
● Most of them are lecture notes and you have unit wise summaries with
examples for these topics
● These notes help you in preparing for your mid semester exam and final
semester exams too
C programming notes 1
C Programming notes 2
Previous Years Question Papers
Previous QP- 1
Previous QP- 2
Important Topics:
● UNIT I:
○ Programming Components of a computer system
○ Types of Representation of an algorithm
○ Components of C language, standard I/O in C, data types,
variables and constants, memory storage, and storage classes.

● UNIT II:
○ formation of expressions using arithmetic, relational, logical, and
bitwise operators
○ Conditional Branching: if and switch statements, nested if-else
○ Iteration and loops; use of break and continue statements.

● UNIT III :
○ advantages of modularizing a program into functions, types of
functions, passing parameters to functions
○ manipulating array elements, using multi-dimensional arrays,
character arrays
○ string input/output functions, Array of strings

● UNIT IV:
○ declaration, applications
○ dynamic memory allocation (malloc, calloc, realloc, free)
○ File I/O functions, standard C preprocessors
 ● UNIT V:
○ unions, and their arrays, passing structures
○ Searching and Sorting Algorithms (Bubble, Insertion, and
Selection)
○ introduction to enums and bit-fields.

4.ENGINEERING WORKSHOP:
Syllabus:
1. TRADES FOR EXERCISES: At least two exercises from each trade:
I. Carpentry – (T-Lap Joint, Dovetail Joint, Mortise & Tenon Joint)
II. Fitting – (V-Fit, Dovetail Fit & Semi-circular fit)
III. Tin-Smithy – (Square Tin, Rectangular Tray & Conical Funnel)
IV. Foundry – (Preparation of Green Sand Mould using Single Piece and Split
Pattern)
V. Welding Practice – (Arc Welding & Gas Welding)
VI. House-wiring – (Parallel & Series, Two-way Switch and Tube Light)
VII. Black Smithy – (Round to Square, Fan Hook and S-Hook)
2. TRADES FOR DEMONSTRATION & EXPOSURE: Plumbing, Machine Shop, Metal
Cutting (Water Plasma), Power tools in construction and Wood working

Topic wise explanations:

So, As for the Engineering workshop we have listed some rules and
regulations to follow which can be helpful to you either in the workshop or
during your final semester exam.
The rules are:
● Keep the safety gear with you every time you enter the
workshop(Shoes and Apron)
● Most of the tools have sharp edges, so be careful while using the tools
● Despite learning the procedure of every exercises listed, understand
the use of tools
● So, when they give a diagram to make it, you will get a grasp of which
tool to use and how you can make the best out of it.
● Try new exercises other that what taught, then you will excel in the
subject
● So, now you think of just passing in the subject or Lab, learn each and
every tool name and how to use it.
● Carpentry:
○ Learn how to make effective joints
○ Using of tools with Patience is needed in this category
● Fitting:
○ Fitting needs heavy strength to make the required shape
○ It gets error in millimeters, So be careful while taking out the
unwanted part
● Tin-Smithy:
○ This is one of dangerous in category with thin plates with sharp
edges
○ Because of the thinness, you need to be very careful while
performing tin-smith, or else you will end up breaking the
sheet
● Foundry:
○ This deals with heat and fire
○ So, you need an at most care for this exercise
○ And it is recommended to perform this exercise in front of
professionals
● Welding:
○ Welding is a daily scene every student see on the road
○ We need to careful of the sparkles and heat produced thus
● House wiring:
○ This is also a exercise which needs a professional guidance
○ Connecting wires in series and parallel is helpful in day to day
household activities
● Blacksmithy:
○ This exercise needs strength and power withstanding huge
reflections from big hammer
○ Be aware of the fire and heated metal
○ Do not touch it with bare hands
 ● All these are some of the precautions that are asked during the Viva of
the practicals
● So, learn about the tools and precautions, that will help you in these
exercises

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