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Booting Process

The booting process consists of six phases: BIOS, MBR, GRUB, kernel, init, and run levels. BIOS performs hardware checks and identifies the boot device, while MBR contains the boot strap program and partition table information. GRUB allows selection of kernel images, the kernel mounts the root file system, init is the first process started by the kernel, and run levels define the system state during booting.

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15 views3 pages

Booting Process

The booting process consists of six phases: BIOS, MBR, GRUB, kernel, init, and run levels. BIOS performs hardware checks and identifies the boot device, while MBR contains the boot strap program and partition table information. GRUB allows selection of kernel images, the kernel mounts the root file system, init is the first process started by the kernel, and run levels define the system state during booting.

Uploaded by

gangireddykurapati2
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Booting process

BO
OTING PROCESS

Booting process means what are the steps involve which scripts run and
thers order from turning on the system to till getting on booting process.
A the login prompt is called as

In this booting process we have 6 phases.

1) Bios

2) mbr

3) Grub

4) kernel

5) init

6) Run level

Bios

→Bios stands for basic input output system

→ Bios will execute post test (power on self test)

This post will verify system hardware to make sure every think is working
properly

-It searches for varied boot device based up on the booting sequences.

→ones the bios identify the valid booting device then It will find the
vabled MBR

MBR

1
Booting process
 MBR stands for master boot record.
 MBR Having 512 bytes and 3 components
 1st 446 bytes will maintain boot strap program
 64bytes will maintain the pertain table information
 2 bytes will maintain the validation check some
 In old servers lilo is the boot loader
 Once identy the MBR it will enter in to the GRUP

GRUB :-

 GRUB stands for grand unified boot loader.


 Once grub loaded it will prompt you to multiple kernel images
installed on your system, you can choose which one to be
executed

 GRUB displays the kernel Images , wait for few seconds, if you
don’t enter anything, it loads the default kernel images which is
the GRUB configuration file.
 GRUB configuration file is “/boot/grub/grub.conf”

GRUB has the knowledge of the file system.

 GRUB loads and executes kernel and initrd images.

KERNEL

 Once kernel loaded it will mount the root file system


until the real root file system is mounted
 Kernel will maps the physical device name to logical
device name it will load the all modules which interact
with the hard ware
2
Booting process
 The configuration file is /etc/sysctl.conf

INIT PROCESS

 Init is the first process started by kernel.it is parent to all


process.
 The PID of Init process is always 1. It is responsible for
whole state of system.
 Executes the system to boot into the run level as specified in
/etc/inittab.
 .

RUN LEVELS

 We have 6 run levels in linux booting brocess


 Init 0- runlevel 0 –Power off
 Init 1- runlevel 1 ---single user mode
 Init 2- runlevel 2 multi user mode without nfs
 Init 3 – runlevel 3 multi user mode with nfs
 Inti 4 – runlevel 4 –unused it is for testing
purpose
 Init 5 runlevel 5 (graphical mode)
 Init 6 – reboot

Once all the run level completed it will


give the username and password
This is the Linux booting process

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