Special Issue - 2019 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
NCRACES - 2019 Conference Proceedings

Solar Tree for Utile Applications

Dakshayini M J Mahadeva Prabhu N

Dept. Of Electronics and Communication Engineering Dept. Of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering
Mysuru, India Mysuru, India

Anusha N C Gagana H K
Dept. Of Electronics and Communication Engineering Dept. Of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering
Mysuru, India Mysuru, India

Rohith K
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering
Mysuru, India

Abstract— Renewable energy systems are rapidly becoming number of inhabitants in people is developing rapidly.
more efficient and cheaper and their share of total energy Accordingly, the oxygen levels are falling while the
consumption is increasing. As of 2019 worldwide, more than centralization of carbon dioxide in air is expanding.
two-thirds of all new. Rapid deployment of renewable energy Solar tree designs for lightning purposes do not have to
and energy efficiency technologies is resulting in power such huge consumers in comparison with light bulbs.
significant energy security, climate change mitigation, and
economic benefits. In international public opinion surveys there
Due to this no extra adds are needed in the case of an street
is strong support for promoting renewable sources such as solar lightning solar tree. The basic three components in the design
power and wind power. Now a days with the growing population are: The pillar – trunk, solar panels and light bulbs. Urban
and energy demand we should take a renewable option of location causes the base of a serious construction material
energy source and also we should keep in mind that energy like concrete. The design for lightning purposes looks
should not cause pollution and other natural hazards. In this beautiful, with lots of rare elements like branches are
case the solar energy is the best option. This paper introduces a standard elements set up just at a different pattern which start
new solar technology that emulates how solar trees convert at different angles of array. Light bulbs are attached to solar
sunlight into energy. An Solar Tree which aims at serving the panels from the bottom side so they cover an area according
humanity toward the planet, having an ability to perform
electrolysis of the water and obtain the Hydrogen (for fuel) and
to solar panel calculations.
Oxygen (to be emitted in the air) along with generating Our model is equipped for creating and discharging
electricity from solar energy with the help of PV (Photo-voltaic) unadulterated oxygen in the climate utilizing inexhaustible
panels on the top of the trees. The PV on the top of the tree will assets. Notwithstanding it, hydrogen gas is delivered which is
collect energy from the sun and convert it into electricity. A PV put away and can possibly be utilized as fuel later. We trust
cell is made of a semiconductor material, usually crystalline that such a structure won't just guide in providing
silicon, which absorbs sunlight. The electricity is stored and is unadulterated oxygen to urban condition yet in addition fulfil
used to light the LED’s on the tree, hence making it as a lighting needs of creating and created urban areas.
streetlight. The actual model can also be used to charge the
gadgets like mobile phones and also can run DC motors. Oxygen II. LITERATURE REVIEW
and hydrogen can also be separated in pure water. Oxygen can
be stored and used in medical field. Hydrogen can be hot air Sujitpatil Sun based tree requires exceptionally little space
balloons. than customary sun powered board framework. The sunlight
based boards on sun based tree convert sun powered radiation
Keywords – Solar Panel, Solar Tree, Energy storage, into power, which is utilized for disintegration of water into
Electrolysis etc. oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen is discharged noticeable all
around to inhale and hydrogen is put away as fuel. [1]
I. INTRODUCTION
Jeng-Nan Juang. In this paper, a sun based following
Trees are significant piece of life on earth as they give framework for sustainable power source is structured and
oxygen by devouring carbon dioxide, which is basic for worked to gather free vitality from the sun, store it in the
survival of practically all living life forms on Earth. battery, and convert this vitality to substituting current (AC).
However, these days, people are chopping down billions of This makes the vitality usable in standard-sized homes as a
trees for paper, furniture, building supplies, and different supplemental wellspring of intensity or as an autonomous
purposes. The quantity of trees is diminishing while the power source. [2]

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Special Issue - 2019 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCRACES - 2019 Conference Proceedings

Kalhan Kampasi. The sun based boards convert sunlight into

1. Solar tree
power, which is utilized for deterioration of waste water into
oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen is discharged noticeable all
around to inhale and hydrogen is put away as fuel. Light
Emitting Diode (LED) lights, driven from the created power
are utilized to emanate light amid night. The mechanization
and control for the procedures is given by an incorporated
Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC). [3]
III. METHEDOLOGY
Basic design of the project is shown in the block diagram.
This task comprises of AVR Microcontroller, Light power
sensor, LCD Display, LED load driver1, solar tree, charging
control circuit, battery and oxygen generator. The sun
powered vitality was changed over into electrical vitality by
PV modules. This vitality was utilized to charge the battery-
powered batteries. We utilized one battery of 12V. What’s
more, it send the flag to AVR Microcontroller. Photograph
resistor or Light-subordinate resistor (LDR) or photocell is a Figure 2: Solar Tree
light-controlled variable resistor. LDRs or Light Dependent
Resistors are valuable particularly in light/dull sensor circuits The course of action of sunlight based tree Spiraling
and send the flag to AVR Microcontroller. AVR Phyllataxy method is utilized in structuring of Solar Tree. For
Microcontroller is customized to get the sensors flags and following most extreme power from sun this Technique helps
depending upon conditions happens LED will be controlled the lower boards from the shadow of upper ones. The
through Driver circuit board. LCD show is utilized for proficiency of the plant can likewise be improved by this
showcase a data reason. The oxygen generator is utilized to innovation.
gauge the plant oxygen and the temperature of the The sunlight based vitality was changed over into
environment. electrical vitality by PV modules. This vitality was utilized to
charge the battery-powered batteries.
We utilized one battery of 12V. The diodes were
associated in circuit so that they counteracted the turnaround
stream of vitality, i.e., stream of power from batteries to
sunlight based modules.

2. Light Intensity Sensor

Figure 3: Light Intensity sensor

The main impulsion is to design a high quality solar

tracker. It consists of three main constituents which are the
inputs, controller and the output. Photo resistor or Light-
dependent resistor (LDR) or photocell is a light-controlled
variable resistor. LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very
useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits. Normally the
Figure 1: Block diagram of proposed method resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as
1000000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with light
resistance drops dramatically. LDR‟s have low cost and
simple structure.

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Special Issue - 2019 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCRACES - 2019 Conference Proceedings

3. LED load 6. LCD display

A liquid crystal display (commonly abbreviated LCD) is

a thin, flat display device made up of any number of color or
monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or
reflector. It is often utilized in battery-powered electronic
devices because it uses very small amounts of electric power.
In this project LCD Display is used for monitoring purpose.
Figure 4: LED Load
A LDR was utilized to control the action of LED lights.
LDR gave us the estimation of power of light (lux). At the
point when the perusing of the deliberate esteem fell beneath
the set point esteem, the LED lights sparkled. In any case at
the point when the perusing of estimated esteem surpassed
the set point esteem, the lights remained off. The set point
esteem was kept as 100lux. The set point esteem was fixed or
balanced by programming the Arduino Atmega328
microcontroller. A polarized transfer was utilized for on-off
Figure 5: LCD Display
motivation behind LED lights. We have used 12V, 9W DC
bulb.
7. Battery
4. Oxygen generator
Amid electrolysis, it was noticed that the creation of
hydrogen gas was more than that of oxygen. This was
affirmed by condition 2 (decay of water). Keep in mind that
the utilization of sulphuric corrosive is fundamental for
electrolysis. The unadulterated water disintegrates in all
respects gradually or does not break down by any means.

2 H2O (l) → 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g)……………... (1)

The measure of gas created relies upon the weight and

focuses. It additionally relies on the measure of current
provided to the electrolysis container. Expecting standard
conditions, we determined the measures of oxygen and Figure 6: Battery
hydrogen delivered in one hour on disintegration of water by Battery is a gadget comprising of at least two
a battery when no other part was associated with the battery. electrochemical cells that convert compound vitality into
Electric charge in 12V battery = 7.5Ah. We realize that. A electrical vitality. We utilized battery-powered lead corrosive
thermistor was utilized to detect the temperature of the batteries with ostensible voltage of 12V each and charge limit
environment. It was important to hold the temperature within of 1.2Ampere-hours.
proper limits since high temperatures could be deadly as
electrolysis includes creation of hydrogen gas. When the 8. Relay
deliberate thermistor perusing surpassed the set point esteem,
the electrolysis would close down. The set point esteem was Relay is an electrically worked switch. An electrical
set at 40 thermistor perusing. The on-off control was again contact is a segment found in transfers. Regularly Open (NO)
accomplished with the assistance of hand-off (NO) and contact is a contact that is open or in a non-conductive state
Arduino Atmega328 microcontroller. when it, or gadget working it, is in non-empowered state.
Additionally, Normally Close (NC) contact is in a shut or
5. AVR microcontroller conductive state in non-invigorated state. A sum of three
relays were utilized in the circuit
AVR Microcontroller is heart of the project. Embedded
C language is used to do the programming. The AVR is a 9. Electrodes
modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip
microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The Electrolysis of water is deterioration of water into oxygen
AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on- and hydrogen gas because of an electric ebb and flow being
chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one- gone through water. This procedure was utilized to get
time programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by hydrogen fuel and breathable oxygen. We used a container
other microcontrollers at the time. with two Copper Electrodes for our model.

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Special Issue - 2019 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCRACES - 2019 Conference Proceedings

IV. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT cloudy. The rate does not rely upon level of charge except if
The hardware arrangement of the model along with its the battery is completely released.
working will be discussed under this section. In our model, the electrolysis would stop just at full
release of battery or if the battery voltage fell beneath 10V or
A. Hardware Design And Working surpassed 14V, which was doubtful under typical conditions.
• The sunlight based boards were set on parts of sun
oriented tree. We utilized four branches each conveying
one solar module. The game plan of branches was to such
an extent that sun powered boards could trap maximum
solar vitality as daylight.

• The sun oriented vitality was changed over into

electrical vitality by PV modules. This vitality was .
utilized to charge there chargeable batteries. We utilized a
battery associated in arrangement to give us an all out
voltage of 12V. The diodes were associated Figure 7. Graph of solar panel voltage with different time slots.
• in circuit so that they prevented the invert stream of
energy, i.e., stream of electricity from battery to solar D. Measure of Hydrogen and Oxygen Produced
panels.
Amid electrolysis, it was noticed that the creation of
hydrogen gas was more than that of oxygen. This was
• The recognizable proof of gases created by decomposition affirmed by condition 2 (disintegration of water). Keep in
was done by gathering these gases in two distinctive test mind that the utilization of sulphuric corrosive is fundamental
tubes and lighting each with a matchstick. One test tube for electrolysis. The unadulterated water disintegrates in all
made a pop solid. It was affirmed that this test tube respects gradually or does not deteriorate by any means as
contained hydrogen gas since hydrogen gas is highly shown in equation 1.
combustible. The other test tube contained oxygen.
Oxygen combustion but did not produce a pop sound. The measure of gas created relies upon the weight and
focuses. It additionally relies on the measure of current
provided to the electrolysis container. Accepting standard
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
conditions, we determined the measures of oxygen and
A. Power Output of Solar Panels hydrogen created in one hour on disintegration of water by a
battery when no other segment was associated with the
It was seen that the solar panels retain enough energy to battery. Electric charge in 12V battery = 7.5Ah. We realize
charge the battery. total power of solar panel was determined that,
to be 2.4 watts. The clarification is given beneath.
• Voltage and current yield of single solar panel Charge (C) = Current (A) × Time (s)… … . (3)
=3V/150mA.
• Voltage and current yield of four solar panel associated In this way, from condition 3, plainly in the event that we run
in arrangement = 12V/100mA. 7.5A flow for 60 minutes, we get 27,000C of electrical
• All out voltage and current yield by paralleling two charge.
arrangement mixes = 12V/200mA. Power (W) = Presently, a mole of electrons has a charge of 96,500C, so
Current (A) × Voltage (V) implies 27,000/96,500 = 0.28 moles of electrons will stream.
• Total energy output of solar modules (one hour) = Presently, two electrons need to stream for each water atom
0.2Ah. to be isolated so 0.28 moles of electrons split 0.14 moles of
hydrogen and 0.07 moles of oxygen. Be that as it may, 1 mol
B. Charge Capacity of Solar Panels and Batteries gas = 22.4L of gas. Subsequently, 12V x 7.5A = 90 - watt
hour of power can part 2.7 gram of water into 3.36L of
• The total energy supply of solar modules and batteries hydrogen and 1.18L of oxygen. Note that the Above
was calculated in terms of electric charge (Ampere- figuring’s were done under perfect conditions in which the
hour). anodes draw all the current from battery at 12V. Assume,
• Battery rating of single battery = 12V/1.2Ah. anodes (electrolysis process) draw 1A of current from the
• Total energy output of solar modules (one hour) = batteries; it would imply that the batteries have the ability to
0.2Ah. keep running for term of 7.5 hours.

C. Rate of electrolysis. Table (1) speaks to measure of hydrogen and oxygen gas
delivered for various dimensions of battery charge. The
The rate of electrolysis was seen to be same for the amounts of hydrogen and oxygen delivered were determined
duration of the day whether it was day or night, bright or in Litres. The measure of water deteriorated was determined

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Special Issue - 2019 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCRACES - 2019 Conference Proceedings

in grams. The Battery Charge section demonstrates the level VI. CONCLUSION
of battery charge when the electrolysis begun. Our designed and implemented “artificial tree" produces
oxygen, but without the need for planting, soiling or
watering. Such a design is can be implemented usefully in
cities, where there are insufficient trees and the concentration
of carbon dioxide gas in air is alarmingly high while levels of
oxygen gas are low. In addition, our model also fulfils street
lighting requirements of cities.
The solar panels can successfully produce sufficient
amount of electricity which is stored in the battery and used
to light up LEDs, powering up gadgets, to run dc motor and
carry out electrolysis. The model is environment-friendly,
saves money, is cheap to use and can be installed anywhere.
Table 1. Amount of oxygen and hydrogen gas produced on Although the initial installation will require planning and
decomposition of water by 7.5 Ah battery. resources, we believe the long-term benefits would be totally
worth it.
E. Gadget Charging
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful
completion of any task would be incomplete without the
mention of people who made it possible and whose constant
guidance and encouragement crowned our efforts with
success. We consider our privilege to express the voice of
gratitude and respect to all those who guided us and inspired
us in completion of this project. We express our sincere
thanks to our guide Mr. Rohith K, Assistant Professor, for his
constant co-operation, support and invaluable suggestions.
REFERENCES
F. LCD Display [1] Sujit Patil, RavindraNangare, Rajesh Mane, Suraj Jadhav, Nilesh Patil,
DhananjayGavali, “oxygen, hydrogen and light generation using solar
tree”, International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical
Engineering, ISSN: 2347-6982 Volume-5, Issue-3, Mar.-2017.
[2] Jeng-Nan Juang and R. Radharamanan, “Design of a Solar Tracking
System forRenewable Energy”, Proceedings of 2014 Zone 1
Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE
Zone 1),2014.
[3] KalhanKampasi, Suhas D. Shete, “pic-controlled oxygen and light
generation using renewable resources” International Journal of
Technical Research and Applications, e-ISSN: 2320-8163, Volume 3,
Issue 5, PP. 198-203, (September-October, 2015).
[4] K Vinod Kumar and Carib.j.SciTech, “Analyzing The Results Of
Renewable Energy Source Of Solar Botonic Trees Using Nano Piezo
Electric Elements” Caribbean Journal of Science and Technology,
Vol.2,
424-430, 2014.
LCD screen successfully displayed battery voltage. It can
be extended to utilize for advertisements, can be used to
display time, temperature etc.

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