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Name of Learner: ____________________________________________________

Last Name, Given Name MI.

Grade & Section: _________________ Date (mm-dd-yyyy):_____________

General Instructions
How to use this material?
You are provided with this learning activty sheet (LAS) for your ICT subject,
an elective/add-on subject of the curriculum. Carefully read the instructions
below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this LAS.
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions or directions indicated on
every activity of this LAS.
2. Write in your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons.
Writing enhances learning, which is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in this LAS.
4. Let your parent/guardian and your teacher-facilitator assist you in your
learning.
5. Let your parent/guardian and your teacher-facilitator assess your outputs.
6. After the completion of the required tasks, the submission of your output may
either be through online or through drop off point per municipality (depending
on the chosen mode of learning).
7. Practice health protocols at all times.

Background Information for Learners

Objectives:

 to categorize a computer component into hardware and software; and

 to identify various parts of a computer and state their functions

DEFINITIONS
A computer system consists of two major elements: hardware and software.
Computer hardware is the collection of all the parts you can physically touch.
Computer software, on the other hand, is not something you can touch. Software is
a set of instructions for a computer to perform specific operations. You need both
hardware and software for a computer system to work.

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Computer hardware is any physical device used in or with your machine, whereas
software is a collection of code installed onto your computer's hard drive. For example,
the computer monitor you are using to read this text and the mouse you are using to
navigate this web page is computer hardware. The Internet browser that allowed you to
visit this page and the operating system that the browser is running on is considered
software.

HOW DO HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE WORK TOGETHER?

Computer hardware and computer software depend upon each other. Anyhow, we
can run computer hardware without computer software but we can’t run computer
software without computer hardware. For example, if you have a video game in the
form of computer software, you can’t operate it without computer hardware. Its
reason is that for the operation of the computer software there requires memory,
processors, video cards and sound cards etc.

HADWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

Component Concept Info

1. Processor (CPU) The Central Processing Unit A processor’s speed is measured
(CPU), also called a in Megahertz (MHZ), or Gigahertz
processor, is like the brain of (GHZ). Higher the hertz, the
the computer. It executes faster the process in of
instructions in response to instructions.
commands. • The CPU is generally a 2 inch
ceramic square with a silicon chip
located inside. The chip is usually
about the size of a thumbnail.
2. Main memory • Random Access Memory • RAM is measured in megabytes
(RAM) is also called main (MB) or gigabytes (GB). A bit is
memory. RAM is used to store the smallest unit of data in
data and instructions that are computer processing. It
currently being processed by a represents a digit in the binary
computer’s CPU. system. So a bit can have either a
• Data is temporarily stored in value 0 or value 1. A byte is a

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the RAM till it is saved to the group of eight bits.

hard disk. The data in RAM is • A Kilobyte (KB) is 2^10 bytes or
erased when power is switch approximately 1024 bytes. A
off. Megabyte (MB) is about one
million bytes. A gigabyte (GB) is
1,024 megabytes.
• The more RAM a computer has,
the more things a computer can
access at the same time. So more
the RAM, the faster a computer
performs tasks.
3. Secondary • Secondary storage is where • Secondary storage is where the
Storage (Hard the information is stored information is stored permanently
disk) permanently till explicitly till explicitly deleted. Information is
deleted. Information is moved moved between main memory
between main memory and and secondary memory as and
secondary memory as and when needed.
when needed. • On power off of a computer,
• On power off of a computer, data on hard disk and other
data on hard disk and other secondary storage devices is not
secondary storage devices is erased.
not erased.
4. Input/output (I/O) • An input device converts data • Keyboard, mouse, scanner,
devices and instructions entered using webcam are examples of input
the device into a pattern of devices.
electrical signals. These • Monitor, printer, speakers are
signals correspond to binary examples of output devices.
code that can be processed by • Some devices can handle both
a digital computer. A user input and output. The network
inputs data and instructions device (called network card) in a
(Example: using a keyboard), computer is both input and output
initiates a task (Example: device.
using a mouse), transfers
images (example: using a web
camera), using the input
devices.
• An output device reverses
the process, translating the
digitized signals into a form
intelligible to the user. The
computer displays processed
information (example: a print
out of the information or audio,
video) through the output
devices.
5. Connection Ports • A port is an interface At the back of a desktop
between the computer and computer various connection
other computers or peripheral ports are available to connect the
devices. It provides a signal external devices and power. On a
transfer between devices. laptop these are available on the

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left and right side edges. Some

common ports and their details
are as follows:
1.PS/2 Port: Used to connect the
mouse and keyboard.
2.Ethernet Port: Used to connect
the network cable.
3.Audio In/Audio Out: Connect
various devices, including
speakers, microphones,
headsets, and more Audio.
4.VGA Port: Monitor is connected
to this port.
5.USB Port: The Universal Serial
Bus port is one of the most useful.
These USB ports let you attach a
variety of devices such as mouse,
printers, keyboards, web
cameras, USB/flash drives, and
digital cameras to the computer
quickly. Most peripherals have a
USB version.
6. Power supply The power supply unit in a • The power supply unit sends
computer converts the power power through the cables to the
from the wall outlet to the type motherboard and other
of power needed by the components. The power cable
computer. from a wall outlet is connected to
a socket in this unit.
• The power On button for a
computer is usually available on
the front panel on a desktop.
7. Motherboard • Motherboard connects • The motherboard is the
directly or indirectly to every computer’s main circuit board. It’s
part of the computer. The a thin plate that holds the CPU
motherboard’s main job is to (Central Processing Unit),
hold the computer’s memory, connectors for the hard
microprocessor chip and let drive and optical drives, as well
everything else connect to it. as various external ports and
• Everything that runs the peripherals.
computer or enhances its • A port is connected from inside
performance is either part of to expansion cards which are
the motherboard or plugs into plugged into the motherboard and
it via a slot or port. are connected to other
components by cables which are
long, flat bands that contain
electrical wiring. The ports are
controlled through the expansion
cards.
8. BIOS software • Basic input output system BIOS are usually stored on a
and booting (BIOS) is the first software that Flash memory, an electronic chip

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runs on a computer when on the motherboard. Flash

power. memory provides fast, permanent
• First task of BIOS is to storage and can be easily
initialize and identify devices updated. Some of the other
such as the display card, devices where is used are digital
keyboard, mouse, hard disk, cameras, gaming devices.
CD/DVD drive and other
hardware. Next task of the
BIOS is to find the operating
system software that is
provided on a hard disk or a
CD and load the operating
system. BIOS then gives
control of the computer to the
OS. This process is known as
booting.
9. Operating • The operating system is • Operating system is software
System software responsible for managing the that is installed on the hard disk.
computer’s hardware and There are many operating
software resources. It controls systems available. Example:
the memory needed for Linux (Ubuntu, Redhat, Debian),
computer processes, manages Windows (Vista, XP) and MAC
disk space, controls peripheral OS.
devices, and manages user • The operating system loads at
communication with the the end of booting process. From
computer. this point, the operating system
• The difference between BIOS begins to control the way in which
and Operating system is that the computer functions.
BIOS has very limited
instructions. At the end of the
booting process it hands over
the control to OS. Starting
from user management to
application execution, input,
output, processing, controlling
devices all are handled by the
OS.
10. Application Applications are software There are many types of
software written using a programming applications like a browser
language. Applications are application, a word processing
programmed to perform application, a game playing
specific tasks. application, an application to paint
or build an animation, an email
application and so on. New
applications can be installed on a
computer as and when needed.
These applications reside on the
hard disk.
11. Monitor • A monitor is one of the output • Currently LCD technology is
devices of a computer. The commonly being used for

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display sharpness depends on monitors. There are many sizes of

the size and resolution of the monitors. Popular screen sizes
monitor. are 15, 17, 19 and 21 inches.
• A monitor has a number of • The resolution of screens varies.
individual dots known as Example: 800x600 pixels to
pixels. Resolution refers to the 1200x1024.
number of rows of dots and • For professional applications,
the number of columns of dots. such as medical imaging or public
• The size of display depends information displays, monitors as
on two factors: large as 40 inches or larger, with
• The aspect ratio (the ration of higher resolutions, are being
width to the height of the used.
screen)
• The screen size (measure
from one corner to the other
corner diagonally opposite).

Activities

After reading the lecture, do the following:

A. Classify the following as hardware or software. Write H if it is hardware and
write S if it is software.

_____ 1. Microphone
_____ 2. BIOS
_____ 3. CPU
_____ 4. Web cam
_____ 5. Scanner
_____ 6. RAM
_____ 7. Word Processor
_____ 8. Printer
_____ 9. Mouse
_____ 10. PowerPoint
_____ 11. Internet Browser
_____ 12. Hard disk
_____ 13. Motherboard
_____ 14. Monitor
_____ 15. Windows

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B. Complete the table. Name the given pictures and briefly describe their
functions.

Name Function
1.

_IN___S

2.

P_I__E_

3.

_OR_
P__C_S_O_

4.

_ O T_ _ R _ _ A _
D

5.

___ER
S_P__Y

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C. Complete the crossword by filling in the word that fits each clue.

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D. Write a short dialogue where the different components (hardware and

software) of a computer talk to each other and explain how they work
together to ensure that the computer is running well.

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Scoring Rubric

For dialogue:
Criteria Weight

Understanding of Topic 40%

Creativity 30%

Organization 30%

Total 100%

Reflection
I learned that…

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References:
https://study.com/academy
https://www.sutori.com/story/software-vs-hardware--Z7WjFZgApFKd2hVrUeth5gff

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