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JPEG Compression - Javatpoint

JPEG is a lossy image compression standard developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group, accepted in 1992. It utilizes the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) method to convert images into the frequency domain, allowing for adjustable compression levels. The process involves several steps including color space conversion, quantization, zigzag scanning, and encoding techniques like DPCM and Huffman coding.

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16 views6 pages

JPEG Compression - Javatpoint

JPEG is a lossy image compression standard developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group, accepted in 1992. It utilizes the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) method to convert images into the frequency domain, allowing for adjustable compression levels. The process involves several steps including color space conversion, quantization, zigzag scanning, and encoding techniques like DPCM and Huffman coding.

Uploaded by

sidhantwalia91
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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JPEG Compression - Javatpoint

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Introduction to JPEG Compression


JPEG is an image compression standard which was
developed by "Joint Photographic Experts Group". In
1992, it was accepted as an international standard.
JPEG is a lossy image compression method. JPEG
compression uses the DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform)
method for coding transformation. It allows a tradeoff
between storage size and the degree of compression
can be adjusted.

Following are the steps of JPEG Image Compression-

Step 1: The input image is divided into a small block


which is having 8x8 dimensions. This dimension is sum
up to 64 units. Each unit of the image is called pixel.
Step 2: JPEG uses [Y,Cb,Cr] model instead of using the
[R,G,B] model. So in the 2nd step, RGB is converted into
YCbCr.

Step 3: After the conversion of colors, it is forwarded to


DCT. DCT uses a cosine function and does not use
complex numbers. It converts information?s which are
in a block of pixels from the spatial domain to the
frequency domain.

DCT Formula
Step 4: Humans are unable to see important aspects of
the image because they are having high frequencies.
The matrix after DCT conversion can only preserve
values at the lowest frequency that to in certain point.
Quantization is used to reduce the number of bits per
sample.

There are two types of Quantization:

1. Uniform Quantization
2. Non-Uniform Quantization

Step 5: The zigzag scan is used to map the 8x8 matrix


to a 1x64 vector. Zigzag scanning is used to group low-
frequency coefficients to the top level of the vector and
the high coefficient to the bottom. To remove the large
number of zero in the quantized matrix, the zigzag
matrix is used.
Step 6: Next step is vectoring, the different pulse code
modulation (DPCM) is applied to the DC component. DC
components are large and vary but they are usually
close to the previous value. DPCM encodes the
difference between the current block and the previous
block.

Step 7: In this step, Run Length Encoding (RLE) is


applied to AC components. This is done because AC
components have a lot of zeros in it. It encodes in pair
of (skip, value) in which skip is non zero value and value
is the actual coded value of the non zero components.
Step 8: In this step, DC components are coded into
Huffman.

Next TopicComputer Vision and Computer Graphics

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