INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 1652

Fourth edition
2011-03-15

Rubber latex — Determination of

apparent viscosity by the Brookfield test
method
Latex de caoutchouc — Détermination de la viscosité apparente par la
méthode d'essai de Brookfield

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Reference number
ISO 1652:2011(E)

© ISO 2011
ISO 1652:2011(E)

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 ISO 1652:2011(E)

Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................iv
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative references............................................................................................................................1
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................1
4 Principle .................................................................................................................................................1
5 Apparatus...............................................................................................................................................2
6 Sampling ................................................................................................................................................2
7 Further preparation of test sample......................................................................................................4
8 Procedure...............................................................................................................................................4
9 Expression of results ............................................................................................................................5
10 Precision ................................................................................................................................................5
11 Test report..............................................................................................................................................5
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Annex A (informative) Viscosity-measurement methods ...............................................................................6
Annex B (informative) Precision (standards.iteh.ai)
statement......................................................................................................7
Bibliography........................................................................................................................................................9
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ISO 1652:2011(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 1652 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee
SC 3, Raw materials (including latex) for use in the rubber industry.
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This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 1652:2004), which has been technically revised.
The main change is the inclusion of precision data (see Annex B).
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1652:2011(E)

Rubber latex — Determination of apparent viscosity by the

Brookfield test method

WARNING — Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory
practice. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with
its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to
ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the apparent viscosity of both natural
rubber latex concentrate and synthetic rubber latices by the Brookfield method. The method is also suitable for
the determination of the viscosity of natural latices from sources other than Hevea brasiliensis and also for
compounded latices. Other methods for the determination of viscosity are referred to in Annex A.

2 Normative references
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(standards.iteh.ai)
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1652:2011
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ISO 123, Rubber latex — Sampling cdddfa0125b6/iso-1652-2011
ISO 124, Latex, rubber — Determination of total solids content

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
test sample
quantity of latex suitable for testing, obtained by straining a laboratory sample

[ISO 123]

4 Principle
The viscosity of a latex sample is determined by means of a viscometer which measures the torque produced on
a specific spindle driven by an electric motor to rotate at a constant rotational frequency and at a controlled rate
of shear while immersed to a specified depth in the latex. The apparent viscosity is obtained by multiplying the
torque reading by a coefficient which depends on the rotational frequency and size of the spindle. Measurements
may be made on the undiluted latex or on the latex after dilution to a required total-solids content.

This International Standard relates primarily to the manually operated type of viscometer rather than the digital
ones currently produced. Comparative reference is made to the latter where appropriate.

NOTE Other methods exist for the determination of the viscosity of latices and emulsions (see Annex A).

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ISO 1652:2011(E)

5 Apparatus
5.1 Viscometer, consisting of an electric motor which drives, at a constant rotational frequency, a shaft to
which spindles of different shapes and dimensions may be attached. The rotational frequency can be selected
from a number of speeds. For the purpose of this International Standard, two are specified but other speeds
may be used for practical reasons. The spindle is immersed in the latex to a specified depth and the drag on
the spindle rotating in the latex causes a torque to be developed on the spindle shaft. The equilibrium torque
developed is indicated by means of a pointer and a scale which is calibrated in units from 0 to 100 1).

The L instrument uses a spring torque of 67,37 µN⋅m ± 0,07 µN⋅m (673,7 dyn⋅cm ± 0,7 dyn⋅cm) at full-scale
deflection.

The R instrument uses a spring torque of 718,7 µN⋅m ± 0,7 µN⋅m (7 187 dyn⋅cm ± 7 dyn⋅cm) at full-scale
deflection.

The spindles shall be accurately made in accordance with Figure 1 and the dimensions given in Table 1. They
shall have a groove, or other marking device, on the shaft to indicate the required depth of immersion.

A spirit level shall be incorporated in the motor housing to indicate, with the spindle attached to the motor shaft,
when the spindle is vertical.

A guard shall be used to protect the spindle in operation. This shall consist of a rectangular bar of cross-
section approximately 9,5 mm × 3 mm, with the corners rounded, bent into a U.

The upper ends of the guard shall be attached to the motor housing in such a way that the guard is removable
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for cleaning. The horizontal portion of the guard shall join the vertical legs of the guard through internal radii of
approximately 6 mm.
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NOTE Although the function of the guard is primarily for protection, it is an integral part of the equipment and the
measured viscosity is likely to change if it is not in place.
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The perpendicular distance between the inner faces of the two vertical legs of the guard when the guard is
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securely attached to the motor housing shall be 31,8 mm ± 0,8 mm with the L instrument and
76,2 mm ± 0,8 mm with the R instrument. The perpendicular distance between the upper face of the horizontal
portion of the guard and the bottom of the spindle shaft, when the guard is securely attached to the motor
housing and when the spindle is attached to the motor shaft, shall be not less than 10 mm with the L
instrument and not less than 4,5 mm with the R instrument.

5.2 Beaker, glass, of internal diameter at least 85 mm and capacity 600 cm3.

The actual value of the viscosity determined is affected by the size of the beaker. Care shall therefore be
taken to ensure that the size of the container used is consistent.

5.3 Water-bath, capable of being maintained at 23 °C ± 2 °C, or 27 °C ± 2 °C in tropical climates.

6 Sampling
Carry out sampling in accordance with one of the methods described in ISO 123. From the sample thus
obtained, prepare a test sample as specified in ISO 123.

1) Suitable instruments are obtainable from several sources, such as Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc.,
Stoughton, Mass. 02072, USA (whose models LVF and LVT meet the requirements for the L instrument and models RVF
and RVT meet the requirements for the R instrument) and Gebrüder Haake GmbH, Dieselstr. 4, D-76227 Karlsruhe,
Germany. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an
endorsement by ISO of these products.

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 ISO 1652:2011(E)

a) No. L1 b) Nos. L2 and L3

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c) No. R1 d) Nos. R2 and R3

Figure 1 — Spindles

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ISO 1652:2011(E)

Table 1 — Spindle dimensions

Values in millimetres
Spindle A B C D E F
number ±1,3 ±0,03 ±0,03 ±0,06 ±1,3 ±0,15
L1 115,1 3,18 18,84 65,10 — 81,0
L2 115,1 3,18 18,72 6,86 25,4 50,0
L3 115,1 3,18 12,70 1,65 25,4 50,0
R1 133,3 3,18 56,26a 22,48b 27,0 61,1
R2 133,3 3,18 46,93 1,57 27,0 49,2
R3 133,3 3,18 34,69 1,65 27,0 49,2
a Wall thickness approximately 0,6 mm.
b Wall thickness approximately 1,0 mm.

7 Further preparation of test sample

If the requirement is for the viscosity at a specific solids content, determine the total solids content of the test
sample of latex in accordance with ISO 124 and then, if necessary, accurately adjust to the required value by
the addition of distilled water or water of equivalent purity. Add the water slowly to the latex and stir the
mixture gently for 5 min, taking care to avoid the inclusion of air.
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If the test sample contains occluded air and has a viscosity of less than 200 mPa⋅s (200 cP), remove the air
by allowing the latex to stand for 24 h.(standards.iteh.ai)
If the latex contains occluded air and no other volatile component, and has a viscosity greater than about
ISO 1652:2011
200 mPa⋅s (200 cP), remove the air by allowing the latex to stand under vacuum until foaming ceases.
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8 Procedure
Pour a portion of the test sample (see Clause 7) into the beaker (5.2). Place the beaker in the water-bath (5.3),
maintained at 23 °C ± 2 °C or 27 °C ± 2 °C, and stir the latex gently until its temperature is 23 °C ± 2 °C or
27 °C ± 2 °C. Record the precise temperature. Immediately attach the spindle securely to the motor shaft and
attach the guard securely to the motor housing of the viscometer (5.1). Carefully insert the spindle and guard
into the latex, in such a way as to avoid air being trapped on the underside of the spindle, until the surface of
the latex is at the midpoint of the groove on the spindle shaft. The spindle shall be positioned vertically in the
sample (as indicated by the spirit level on the motor housing) and in the centre of the beaker.

Select the rotational frequency of the instrument as follows:

L instrument: 60 min−1 ± 0,2 min−1 (1 s−1 ± 0,003 s−1)

R instrument: 20 min−1 ± 0,2 min−1 (0,333 s−1 ± 0,003 s−1)

Switch on the viscometer motor and take the equilibrium reading to the nearest unit scale division, in
accordance with the manufacturer’s operating instructions. Equilibrium may not be attained until 20 s to 30 s
have elapsed.

It is preferable to have a reading between 10 and 90 scale units. If the reading is less than 10 scale units or
greater than 90 scale units, then a further reading should be taken using the next larger or smaller spindle,
respectively. This refinement is not practical with digital viscometers.

If the method is being used for monitoring or quality control purposes, care shall be taken to ensure that the
spindle size and rotational frequency are constant.

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 ISO 1652:2011(E)

For specific purposes, such as the assessment of rheological characteristics, it may be desirable to measure
the viscosity at more than one rotational frequency (see Annex A). For this purpose, the viscometer shall be
switched off and the latex allowed to stand for not less than 30 s before restarting at another speed. If the
determination is made at more than one rotational frequency or at speeds other than those specified above,
this fact shall be included in the test report.

9 Expression of results
Calculate the viscosity of the latex, expressed in millipascal seconds (centipoises), using the appropriate
factor given in Table 2.

Table 2 — Factors necessary to convert readings on the scale 0 to 100

to millipascal seconds (centipoises)

Spindle number Factor

L1 ×1
L2 or R1 ×5
L3 or R2 ×20
R3 ×50

10 Precision
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See Annex B.
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11 Test report ISO 1652:2011
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The test report shall include the following particulars:

a) a reference to this International Standard;

b) all details necessary to identify the test sample;

c) the results and the units in which they are expressed;

d) the instrument used (L or R);

e) the spindle number and rotational speed used;

f) the total solids content of the latex and whether the latex was diluted;

g) the test temperature of the latex;

h) any unusual features noted during the determination;

i) any operation not included in this International Standard or in the International Standards to which
reference is made, as well as any operation regarded as optional;

j) the date of the test.

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