The document provides an overview of Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS), explaining key concepts such as databases, DBMS, and the organization of data into tables, fields, and records. It details the types of data storage, including flat files and relational databases, and outlines various data types used in databases. Additionally, it discusses the significance of primary and foreign keys in establishing relationships between tables.
The document provides an overview of Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS), explaining key concepts such as databases, DBMS, and the organization of data into tables, fields, and records. It details the types of data storage, including flat files and relational databases, and outlines various data types used in databases. Additionally, it discusses the significance of primary and foreign keys in establishing relationships between tables.
CBSE CLASS 10
Unit 3 : RELATIONAL DATABASE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (RDBMS)
Database - A database is an organized collection of data. For example:-
In a stationary shop, detailed records of the materials available in the
shop is database. Similarly in a computerized system, we need to
maintain several files, we would used database programs such as
Microsoft Access, OpenOffice.org Base, and MySQL. These database
programs are used to organize the data as per our needs in the computer
system.
Database Management System (DBMS) - A database management
system is a software package with computer programs that controls the
creation, maintenance and use of a database. A DBMS allows different
user application programs to concurrently access the same database.
Some of the DBMSs are Oracle, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL server, Microsoft
Access, PostgreSQL, MySQL, FoxPro and SQLite.
Data can be organized into two types:-
Flat File: Data is stored in a single table. Usually suitable for less
amount of data.
Relational: Data is stored in multiple tables and the tables are linked
using a common field. Relational is suitable for medium to large amount
of data.Database Servers — Database servers are dedicated computers that hold
the actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software.
Databases on the database servers are accessed through command line or
graphic user interface tools referred to as Frontends; database servers are
referred to as Back-ends. Such type of data access is referred to as Client-
server model.
RDBMS:- A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a
database management system that is based on the relational model. In
the relational model of a database, all data is represented in terms of
tuples (rows), grouped into relations (tables). A database organized in
terms the relational model is a relational database.
Database Concepts:- Database contains objects that are used for
storing and managing information.
1. Item : - Item is about which information is stored in the database.
2. Field:- Each question that we ask about our item is a Field.
3. Record:- Record is a set of information (made up of fields) stored in
your database about one of the items.
4. Value:- Value is the actual text or numerical amount or date that you
put in while adding information to your database.
For example,
Database :-
Employee
[Emp_Cod;Emp_Na_ |Emp_Add|Emp Desi Emp_Contac,E: Ss
e me” res: gnatio tNo lary a
E001 ABC Meerut Manager | 9876543210 Rs.50000,
Item : Employee
Field : Emp_Code , Emp_Name , Emp_Address , Emp_Designation ,
Emp_ContactNo , Emp_SalaryRecord :
E001 ABC Meerut Manager | 987654321 | Rs.
50,000
Value : E001 , ABC, Meerut , Manager , 9876543210 , Rs. 50,000
5. Key Field :- Key Field is a value in a Field that uniquely identifies the
record, Eg. E001 which is unique to every employee.
Important Question :- How data is organized in a RDBMS ?
Ans :- In RDBMS, data is organized in the form of inter linked
tables.
TABLE :- A table is a set of data elements that is organized using a
model of vertical columns and horizontal rows. Each row is identified by a
unique key index or the key field.
COLUMNS OR FIELD ;- A column is a set of data values of a particular
simple type, one for each row of the table. For eg. Emp_Code ,
Emp_Name , Emp_Address etc,
ROWS OR RECORDS OR TUPLES ;- A row represents a single, data
items in a table. Each row in a table represents a set of related data, and
every row in the table has the same structure.
DATA TYPES :- Datatypes are used to identify the type of data we are
going to store in the database.
Categories of data types:- Data types can be broadly classified into five
categories:-
4. Numeric Types
2. Alphanumeric Types3. Binary Types
4, Date Time
5, Other variable Types
NUMERIC TYPES:- They are used for describing numeric values like
mobile number, age, etc.
The different types of numeric data types available are-
1. Boolean (Yes / No) 6. Numeric
2. TinyInt (Tiny Integer) 7. Decimal
3), SmallInt (Small Integer) 8. Real
4. Integer 9. Float
5. BigInt (Big Integer) 10. Double
ALPHANUMERIC TYPES;-
The list of different datatypes available in alphanumeric types are
1. LongVarChar (Memo) (Long Text)
2. Char (Text-fix) (Small Text)
3. VarChar (Text) (Text of specified Length)
4. VarChar_IgnoreCase (Text) (Comparisions are not case
sensitive)
5.
BINARY TYPES:-
Binary types are used for storing data in binary formats. It can be used
for storing photos, music files or (in general file of any format) etc.The list of different datatypes available in Binary types are :-
1. LongVarBinary (Image)
2. Binary (Binary (fix) )
3. VarBinary (Binary)
DATE TIME:-
Date time data types are used for describing date and time values for the
field used in the table of a database. It can be used for storing
information such as date of birth, date of admission etc.
The list of different data types available in Date Time type are :-
1. Date (Stores month, day and year information)
2. Time (Store hour , minute and second information)
3. Timestamp (Stores date and time information)
PRIMARY KEY:- A primary key is a unique value that identifies a row in
a table. These keys are also indexed in the database, making it faster for
the database to search a record.
FOREIGN KEY:- The foreign key identifies a column or set of columns in
one (referencing) table that refers to a column or set of columns in
another (referenced) table.
Note:- The “one” side of a relation is always the parent, and provides
the PK(Primary Key) Attributes to be copied. The “many” side of a
relation is always the child, into which the FK(Foreign Key) attributes are
copied.
Memorize it : one, parent, PK (Primary Key) ; many, child , FK
(Foreign Key)