GRADE 9 IT

Chapter One: Organization of Files

1.1 Basics of Files and Folders
 Definition of Files And Folders Class-One
 Importance of Folders
1.2 Managing Files and Folders
 Using File Explorer
 Creating New Folder
 Creating New File Class-Two
 Copying a File
 Renaming File and Folder
 Accessing Files and Folder
 Displaying Subfolder
 Moving Files and Folders On Computer Class-Three
 Deleting Files and Folder
 Searching a File on a Computer
1.3 Computer Drives
 Hard drive
 Optical drive Class-Four
 Flash drive
Chapter Two: Computer Network

2.1 Definition of Network

2.2 Fundamental Elements of Network
 End Devices
 Intermediary Devices class-one
 Communication Protocol
 Connection Media
2.3 Types of Network
 Based on Connection Medium
 Based on Size class-2&3
 Based on Topology
 Based on Resource Security and Access
2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of
Network……………………………………class-4
Chapter Four: Image Processing and Multimedia
4.1 Image
 Digital Image
 Digital Image Processing Class-One
4.2 Multimedia Production Planning Strategies
4.3 Using Image Processing Software
 Launching Image Editing Software Class-2
 Anatomy of Image Editing Software Main Interface
 Image Editing Tools You Use to Edit Image
 Cropping Image Class-Three
 Resizing or Scaling an Image
 Correction of Image Ton and Color Class-Four
 Image Sharpening

SEMESTER ONE
END
 CHAPTER ONE
Introduction: - Introducing about files and file organization in computer system
A computer file cab be both system generated and created or transferred from other sources in to
a computer. In this chapter we learn how to manipulate files (creating, copying, renaming,
deleting and searching).
A file folder is a mechanism to keep your computer files in an organized manner.
1.1 Basics of Files and Folders
 Definition of Files And Folders
 Importance of Folders
FILES: is a collection of data stored in one unit, identified by a file name. It can be a word,
spreadsheet, power pointing presentation document. Files are represented by an icon in a
computer. Thus, icons are small graphical representation of a file. Because there are different file
formats, icons are usually used to help identify the type of files or program associated with.
Different types of files on the desktop:
1. Application files:-
 Word files
 PDF files
 Power pointing files
 Excel files
2. Audio files: .mp3 .mp4 formats
3. Pictures: .jpg .png formats
4. Executable program: .exe
5. Compressed files: .zip
Common files icons on the desk top:
 Word files
 PDF files
 Power point files
 Excel files
 Annual reports
 Financial reports
 Etc.
KEY CONCEPTS:-
1. A file stores a data which can be a document, a picture, text, video, audio, etc.
2. A file has different icons in a computer.
FOLDERS: A folder, also called a director, is a container which is used to store related files
together.
A folder can also contain another folder inside. A folder contained in another folder is called a
subfolder. A good analogy is the manila folders (dossier) seen an office to store papers or
reports.
Manila Folder:- manual filing system( shelf or filing cabinet-based filing system)
Computer Folder:- computer filing system
Cluttered Files: not organized files.
Organized Files: files with the same file name. For example:-
 Annual budget
 IT files
 Biology books
 School document
 Director’s document
 Roster
 Etc.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FILES AND FOLDERS
A file is a collection or group of interrelated data and information. It has different extensions to
identify their file types such as text, video, document and image.
A folder is:
 A container used to store different files and subfolders.
 It is a virtual location where program, files and other folders can be located.
 It is a virtual storage space used to store and organize computer files.
 It does not has extensions.
IMPORTANCE OF FOLDERS
Folders help:
 To keep related files organized together
 To locate files easily
 Allows to have more than one files with the same files name.
For example:- you can have a file called My-letter.doc in your My Documents folder and another
file called My-letter.doc in a different folder called “Letter collection”. If all your files were in a
single place, every file would need a unique file name.
KEY CONCEPTS:
A folder, which is also called a directory, is a container of files.
A folder helps us to organize related files together.

CLASS-TWO
MANAGING FILES AND FOLDERS
File Management: it is the process and act of creating an organized structure in which you store
information for easy retrieval.
Main Parts of File Explorer:
 Navigation pane
 Forward and Back button
 Ribbon
 Address bar
 Column headings
 Search box
 File and folder listing
 Preview/details pane
 Status bar
 OPENING FILE EXPLORE
Option-1- click on the file explorer icon located in the taskbar.
Option -2- click on the star button and then click on file explorer.
Option-3- use win key ( ) + E keyboard short cut.

WORD PROCESSOR
Word processing software allows you to create, edit, format, print, and store text material. Word
processor is the most common application software. The main advantage of a word processor is that it
provides WYSIWYG( What You See is What You Get) interface which helps you make changes quickly
and easily. Microsoft word is the most popularly used word processing application software that provides
you with a number of useful and fabulous features to process the text.

OPEN WORD PROCESSOR

MS-Word is a member of the MS-Office family provided by Microsoft. It is a windows based
application.
Starting Microsoft word 2007:- To start MS-Word or Word, perform the following steps:
Click start All program Microsoft Office Microsoft Office Word 2007. This opens a
blank new document.

CREATING NEW DOCUMENT FILE

A file is created using a computer software program. For example, to create a plain text file you can use a
text editor such as Notepad or Notepad++. You can use word processing software such as Word Pad,
Microsoft Word and LibreOffice writer to create a text document file.

Open word processing software on your computer. To open it follow the following steps.
Click on start click on MS-office button click on the New option click on the create button
Type the text
Saving Document Using “Save As” Command
When you type in a document, the document is stored in the internal memory of the computer. Once you
have created a document, you have to save it for future use and you must save it on a disk.
To save means to preserve the document safely for further use. To save a word document:
1. Click the office button
2. Click the save option. The “Save As” dialog box is displayed. The Save As dialog box is
displayed only under the following circumstances:
i) When you have clicked Save As
ii) If you have clicked Save and you are saving the document for the first time.
3. Identify the location where you want to save. You must enter the name by which you want to
save the document.
4. Click the save button.
CLOSING A DOCUMENT
After your work is complete you need to close the document without exiting from the MS-Word. To close
a document without exiting the MS-Word you have to follow the following steps.
1. Click the Office button
2. Click the close option
If you have not saved the document before closing, MS-Word gives you warning asking to save the
document. It says, Do you want to save the changes to doc1.docx?

Microsoft Office Word x

Yes No Cancel

The warning dialog box

From the above shown dialog box:

i) If you want to save the document, click the Yes button.
ii) If you do not want to save the document, click the No button.
iii) If you want to remove the message box, click the Cancel button.

Exiting Microsoft Word

When the word processing work is over, you must exit properly from MS-Word. To exit MS-word:
1. Click the office button
2. Click the exit word button
If you have not saved the document, word prompts you to save changes before closing the application.
EDITING A DOCUMENT
Editing is the act of altering your document. Some editing features are insert and delete, undelete, find
and replace, cut/copy and paste, spelling and grammar checker, and thesaurus. All of these commands
except spelling and grammar checker which is in the review tab are in the Home tab.

When you edit text, you change text by either inserting text, deleting text or replacing text. To edit text,
place the cursor at the required position and insert, delete or replace text.

CREATING FOLDERS (sub folder) OR DIRECTORIES

Folder is like a container, which can store programs, files, and also other folders.
(i) To create a folder at the desktop, follow the following steps:-
1. Right click in an empty area of the desktop
2. From the pop-up menu so display, select New
3. From the cascading menu, select the option Folder. A folder icon appearance with the
name “New Folder” highlighted.
4. Type a name for the newly created folder and press Enter key.
(ii) To create a Folder in a Drive/Folder follow the following steps:
1. In “My computer” navigate to the item (drive/ folder) in which you wish to create a new
folder.
2. Double click on this item, so that a new window exhibiting its contents is opened.
3. Right-click on an empty area in the window.
4. Select New from the pop-up menu displayed, and Folder from the cascading menu. A
folder icon appears with the name “New Folder” highlighted.
5. Type a name for the newly created folder and press enter key.
Say, you create a new folder called software in the IT folder. In this case, the IT folder is called the parent
folder and the software folder is called the subfolder.
 COPYING FILES and FOLDERS
To copy a file or a folder to another folder, perform the following steps:
1. Select the file or folder
2. Click the edit menu
3. Click the copy option
Alternatively, you can right-click the file or folder, click the copy option from the short cut menu or press
the Ctrl and C keys simultaneously.
4. Select the folder where you have to paste the file or folder.
5. Click the edit menu
6. Click the paste option.
Alternatively, you can right-click the folder, click the paste option from the shortcut menu or press the
Ctrl and V keys simultaneously.

MOVING FILES AND FOLDERS

To move a file or folder completely from one folder to another, perform the following steps:
1. Select the file or folder
2. Click the edit menu
3. Click the cut option
Alternatively, you can right-click the file or folder, select the cut option from the shortcut menu or press
the ctrl and X keys simultaneously.
4. Select the folder where you have to paste the file or folder.
5. Click the edit menu
6. Click the paste option.
If a number of files have to be copied or moved, it can be done using the Shift Key or the control (ctrl)
key. When you want to select consecutive files and folders, click the first item, hold down the <shift> key
and click the last item. When you want to select files that are not consecutive, hold down the <Ctrl> key
and click each item. To select all file and folders in the window, choose Edit, Select All.

Copying an item places an exact replica of the copied item at the new location also retaining the item as
the location where it is copied form. But, moving an item from a location to another erases its existence at
the original location.

RENAMING FILES AND FOLDERS

A file or a folder can be renamed immediately after it is created or later. To rename a file,
1. Select the file or folder.
2. Click the rename option in the File menu.
3. Type a new name and press the <Enter> Key
Alternatively,
1. Right- click the file or folder
2. Click the rename option in the POP-UP menu
3. Type a new name and press the Enter key
You can also select the file and press the F2 key to change the name. The name of the file or folder is
highlighted. Type the new name and press the Enter key.

DELETING A FILE OR FOLDER

To delete a file or folder, perform the following steps:

1. Select the file or folder
2. Press the Delete key
Windows asks for confirmation before deleting a file or folder. Click Yes to delete the file or folder. Click
No to cancel the operation.

Alternatively, you can right-click the file or folder and select the Delete option in the POP-UP menu.
Deleted files and folders are stored in the Recycle Bin. If you delete any file by mistake, it can be restored
by clicking the restore option in the File menu of the Recycle Bin window. If any file or folder has to be
deleted permanently from the machine, then right click on the Recycle Bin and select the Empty Recycle
Bin option. On clicking Empty Recycle Bin option the following message will be displayed:

Confirm Multiple File Delete X

Are you sure you want to Delete this file or folder?

Yes No

Confirm Multiple File Delete dialog box

Click Yes to permanently delete the files and folders from Recycle Bin.

Alternatively, you can use Delete command from the Home menu to delete a file or folder
1. Open This PC or file Explorer.
2. Locate and select the file or folder you want to delete
3. Click Home in the top menu bar, and select Delete.

SEARCHING FILES AND FOLDERS