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JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
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COMPLETE NAME: JOHNSON LABOG GRADE LEVEL/SECTION: GR 9 DXP

MODULE 1: MATHEMATICS 9
MAIN TOPIC: LAWS OF EXPONENTS
SUBTOPIC/S: A. LAWS OF POSITIVE INTEGRAL EXPONENTS
B. ZERO AND NEGATIVE EXPONENTS

LEARNING TARGETS:
At the end of this module, the learners will be able to say I can:
1. describe an exponent;
2. describe the different laws of exponent; and
3. apply the different laws of exponent to simplify algebraic expressions.

What is an exponent?

An exponent is symbol written above and to the right of a mathematical expression (base)
to indicate operation of raising to a power.

a
n Exponent
Base
Examples:
 35 means multiplying 3 five times. That is, 35 = 3∙ 3∙ 3 ∙3 ∙ 3
 (5x)3 means multiplying 5x three times. That is, (5x)3 = 5 x ∙ 5 x ∙ 5 x
 m2n3 means multiplying m two times and n three times. That is, m2n3 = m ∙m ∙n ∙ n ∙ n

A. Laws of Positive Integral Exponents

What are the different laws of exponents?
 There are 5 main laws of exponent, and they are summarized below.

Laws of Exponent Description

Product of Powers am × an = am+n
Power of a Power (am)n = am×n
Power of Products (ab)m = ambm

() ( )
m m
a a
Power of a Quotient = m
b b

WK 2 MODULE 1 IN MATHEMATICS 9 (August PLMs) Page 1 of 6

 m
a m−n
Quotient of Powers n =a
a
1. Product of Powers

 Example 1: 2 c 6 × 4 c2
6 2
When applying the product of powers, multiply
2c ×4 c the numerical coefficients and simply add the
exponents of expressions with the same bases.
= (2 × 4)(c )6+2
= 8 c8

 Example 2: 3p3q × 8pq4

3p3q × 8pq4 Multiply the numerical coefficients and
expressions of the same bases.
= (3×8) (p3 ∙ p) (q4 ∙ q)
= 24(p3+1) (q4+1) Apply the product of powers rule
= 24p4q5

2. Power of a Power

 Example 1: (y8)7 Using power of a power, simply multiply the two

(y ) 8 7 exponents.
= y8×7
= y56

Example 2: [ ( k 3 ) ]
5 6


[( k ) ]
6
3 5
Notice that this example has 3 exponents.

= (k15)6 Apply the power of a power rule twice

= k90

3. Power of a Product
 Example 1: (2yz7)2
(2yz7)2 Using power of a product, multiply the exponent
= 21×2 y1×2 z7×2 of the whole expression to the exponent of its
bases.
= 22 y2 z14
= 4 y2 z14

 Example 2: (2g2h8i9)3
(2g2h8i9)3
= 21×3 g2×3 h8×3 i9×3 Multiply the exponent of the whole expression to the exponent of its bases.

WK 2 MODULE 1 IN MATHEMATICS 9 (August PLMs) Page 2 of 6

 = 23 g6 h24 i27 Simplify
= 8g6h24i27

4. Power of a Quotient

( )
4 3
y
 Example 1: 5
z

( )
4 3
y Just like the power of a product rule, power of a
5
z quotient requires us to multiply the exponent of the
4 ×3 whole expression to the exponents of the bases.
y
= z
5 ×3

12
y
= z
15

( )
3 6 9
f b
 Example 2: 2
t

( )
3 6 9
f b
2
t
3×9 6 ×9
f b
= t
2× 9

27 54
f b
= 18
t

5. Quotient of Powers

( )
18
15 h
 Example 1: 14
5h

( )
18
15 h
14
The quotient of powers rule is applied when the
5h numerator and denominator has a common base.
Simply get the difference of the exponents and
15 18−14 divide the numerical coefficients whenever
= 5
h
necessary.

= 3h 4

12 6
32 x y
 Example 2: 5 4
8x y

WK 2 MODULE 1 IN MATHEMATICS 9 (August PLMs) Page 3 of 6

 12 6
32 x y
5 4
8x y
32 12−5 6−4
= 8
x y

= 4x 7
y
2

B. Zero and Negative Exponents

What are Zero Exponents?

Definition: Any nonzero expression raised to zero is equal to 1.

Derivation:
m
a m−m 0
m
=a =a Quotient of Powers Rule
a
m
a
m
=1 Any number or expression divided by itself is equal to 1.
a
m m
a 0 a
If a = m and m =1, then a 0=1 Transitive Property
a a
Examples:
5
h 5−5 0
1. 5
=h =h =1
h
7
6 y 6 7−7 0
2. 7
= y =3 y =3 (1 )=3
2y 2

8
3 m n 3 8−8 1 0 1 1 n
3. 8
= m n= m n= ( 1 ) n= n∨
6m 6 2 2 2 2

What are Negative Exponents?

Definition: Any expression raised to negative is equal to its reciprocal with positive exponent.
Derivation:
0
a 0−n −n
n
=a =a Quotient of Powers Rule
a
0
a 1
n
= n Any expression raised to zero is equal to 1.
a a
0 0
−n a a 1 −n 1
a = n 1and
WK 2IfMODULE n
= n , then a 9=
IN MATHEMATICS (August PLMs)
n Transitive Property
Page 4 of 6
a
Examples:

1.
0
t 0−3 −3 1
3
=t =t = 3
t t

2. ( 2 x ) =
−2 1 1
2
= 2
(2 x ) 4 x

3.
3
9 ( 3 y ) 27 y 3
−3
= = =3 y3
(3 y ) 9 9

Activity 1: Directions: Apply the different laws of exponents to simplify the following expressions.
Show your complete solution.
Rubrics: Correct Complete Solution = 2 pts; Correct Final Answer = 1 pt; Total Points = 3 pts

1. 2b3 × 4b7 2. 16m4n3 × 7mn3

2b3 × 4b7 16m4n3 × 7mn3

8b3b7 112m4n3 mn3

8b3+7 112m5n3n3

112m5n6
8b10

4. [ ( p 4 ) ]
2 5
3. (h13)6
((p4)2)5
(h13)6
(p8)5
h13x6
78
P8x5
h
P40

55
16 r
5. (4s2t6)3 6. 23
8r
(4s2t6)3 16r55/8r23

43 (s2)3 (t6)3 16/8 r55-23

64 (s2)3 (t6)3 2r32

64s6 (t6)3

64s6 t18

( )
3 2 5 19 14
x y 72 p q
7. 4 8. 7 8
z 8p q

19 14
72 p q
WK 2 MODULE 1 IN MATHEMATICS 9 (August PLMs) 7 8
8p q Page 5 of 6
 72/8 p q

( )
3 2 5
x y
4
z
x3x5y2x5/z4x5

x15y10/z20

I need more exercises on

applying the laws of exponent!

For supplementary exercises, you may visit the link below:

https://mcckc.edu/tutoring/docs/bt/exp_rad_log/
Exponent_Rules_&_Practice.pdf

Did we achieve all our learning targets?

 describe an exponent;
 describe the different laws of exponent; and
 apply the different laws of exponent to simplify algebraic
expressions.

WK 2 MODULE 1 IN MATHEMATICS 9 (August PLMs) Page 6 of 6

 REFERENCES
City, M. C.-K. (n.d.). mcck.edu. Retrieved from Exponent Rules and Practice:
https://mcckc.edu/tutoring/docs/bt/exp_rad_log/Exponent_Rules_&_Practice.pdf

WK 2 MODULE 1 IN MATHEMATICS 9 (August PLMs) Page 7 of 6