RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE 2

Week 3 & 4 (1st Quarter)

MODULE 2: IDENTIFYING THE INQUIRY AND STATING THE PROBLEM
IV. MOTIVATION
I. CONTENT STANDARD
In this module, you will learn about the:
1. range of research topics in the area of inquiry;
IDENTIFICATION: Identify the independent and dependent variable.
2. value of research in the area of interest; and Underline the independent variable and encircle the dependent variable.
3. specificity and feasibility of the problem posed Item number 1 is already given for your reference.

II. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this module, you are expected to: 1. A study on the effect of gender on the academic performance of
a. design a research useful in daily life; students.
b. write a research title;
c. describe background of research; and
d. state research questions. 2. A study on the relation of length of study period and the grades
of the students.
HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE?
1. Read and follow the instructions very carefully.
2. Take the pre-test (the item and type of test depends on the lesson) to 3. A study on the relationship between average family income and
determine how much you know about the lessons in the module. food expenditure.
3. Check your answers against the correct answers provided at the last page of
the module.
4. Be very honest in taking the test so you know how much knowledge you 4. A study on high school student’s choice of types of movies.
already have about the topic.
5. Perform all activities, as these will help you have a better understanding of the 5. A study on the relation between study habits and performance
topic.
of grade 10 students
6. Take the post-test (the item and type of test depends on the lesson) to assess
how much you learned in this module.

III. INTRODUCTION

Formulating research problem enables you to make the purpose of your study clear. It helps
you focused on the relevant information that you need to address. In this module the
learners are expected to formulate clearly the statement of research problem

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MODULE 2: IDENTIFYING THE INQUIRY AND STATING THE PROBLEM
V.INSTRUCTION/DELIVERY Teacher’s Note:
Ang independent variable o malayang baryabol ay may kakayahang magbago na
nakaaapekto sa iba pang variable na tinukoy.
THE NATURE OF VARIABLES Ito ay tiyak na masusukat, namamanipula o maaaring mapili ng isang mananaliksik upang
matukoy at makamit ang relasyon sa isang nasusuring pagbabago. (Tuckman)
VARIABLES

- is an object, event, idea, feeling, time period, or any other type of category which
can be measured.
- anything that can change in research due to circumstances. DEPENDENT VARIABLE
- made up of the root or base word “vary” which means to undergo changes or to
differ from. - outcome variable or output.
- are those that bear or manifest the effects caused by the independent variables.
Examples: - It is something that depends on the other factors.
Age, gender, intelligence, ideas, achievements, confidence etc.
Teacher’s Note:

Ang dependent variable o di-malayang baryabol ay Isang mahalagang aspeto na nasusuri

VARIABLE/ ATTRIBUTE
o naoobserbahan at masusukat upang matukoy ang epekto nito sa isang independent
A variable is a characteristic that takes on two or more values whereas; an attribute
variable.
is a specific value on a variable or sub-values of a variable.

EXAMPLES:
Example:
The variable SEX has two attributes, MALE and FEMALE 1. Study on the factors affecting Filipinos’ attitude towards health food

The variable AGREEMENT has 5 attributes; Dependent variable = Filipinos’ attitude towards health food
Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly Disagree Independent variable = factors (may be the gender, age, economic status)

2. Study on the effects of work experience, gender and age on the work performance

BASIC TYPES OF VARIABLES Dependent variable = work performance

Independent variables = work experience, gender and age
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
CAUSAL-RELATIONSHIP: the cause comes from independent variables; the effects, on the
- are those that causes changes in the subject.
dependent variables.
- It is the probable cause of an event.
- It is independent of everything that transpires during experiment because once it
is selected, it does not easily change.

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Week 3 & 4 (1st Quarter)
MODULE 2: IDENTIFYING THE INQUIRY AND STATING THE PROBLEM
Chapter 2: SELECTING A PROBLEM AND PREPARING A RESEARCH
OTHER TYPES OF VARIABLES PROPOSAL
1. Intervening - comes in between the independent variable (IV) and dependent
The research process involves identifying, locating, assessing, and analyzing the
variable (DV).
information you need to support your research question, and then developing and
- it either strengthens or weakens the influence of the effect of the
expressing your ideas. These are the same skills you need any time you write a
IV on DV
report, proposal, or put together a presentation.

2. Explanatory- variables selected for analysis

Preliminary Steps
1. Observations
3. Extraneous/Exogenous- variables that are not related to the purpose of the study
2. Preliminary Data-Gathering
but may affect in any way the dependent variable; found inside; as a part of
identified model

4. Constant- does not undergo any changes during an experiment

THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
5. Attribute- characteristics of people; intelligence, creativity, anxiety, learning styles
✓ A research problem is a question that a researcher wants to answer or a problem
that a researcher wants to solve.
6. Covariate- included in the study to create interactions with the independent and
✓ A research problem is an issue or a concern that an investigator / researcher
dependent variables
presents and justifies in a research study.

7. Continuous- quantitative in nature and is used in interval or ratio scale of

There are several benefits of formulating a research problem. The actual research begins
measurement.
with the formulation of a research problem. It makes you well aware of the tasks that you
have to perform in order to accomplish the research. Research is a process that you have
Examples: age, height, grades
to complete in a sequence. A research problem helps you formulate that sequence.
8. Dichotomous- has only two possible results: one and zero Research problem also helps you avoid unnecessary steps during the research.

Examples: sex (Male and Female), Questions answerable by Yes or No 1. A research problem is the preliminary step in conducting a research study. A
research problem helps you understand the research procedure in a better
9. Latent- cannot be directly observed like personality trait. manner. Most beginners in research think that a research problem is easy to
formulate but in reality it is not so. A research problem needs great thought
Examples: happiness, behavior, attitude
on the part of the researcher in order to formulate a scientific research
10. Manifest- can be directly observed to give proofs to latent variables problem. A scientific research problem is one that can be solved using
scientific procedures.
Examples: gender, age 2.In actual the purpose of the research problem is to determine the objective and
intention of the research; in the absence of an aim or objective you cannot
determine the research methodology. A research problem can help you

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3.identify each and every step of the research process: the study design, sampling
strategy, research instrument and research analysis.
Limitations encountered when doing or thinking of doing a
research
TWO BASIC TYPES OF PROBLEM

1. Non-researchable Problems or Personal Problems

Examples:

o How to get along with your girlfriend or boyfriend? Anticipating and

Financial consideration
o How to ask your boss for a salary increase? Time constraints avoiding problems

2. Researchable Problems
Pointers to know when a problem is researchable:

1. There are known answers or solutions to a problem.

2. There are possible solutions, the effectiveness of w/c is not known Human resource limitation
3. There are answers or solutions, the possible result of which may be seen or maybe d. Equipment limitations
factually contradicting
4. There are several possible and plausible explanations for undesirable conditions
and when existence of a phenomenon requires a solution

DETERMINING WHETHER A PROBLEM SHOULD BE RESEARCHED

f. “out of the box” thinking - Creativity g. “in the box” thinking

1. Can you study the problem?

2. Should you study the problem?
3. Will your study fill a gap or void in the existing literature?
4. Will your study replicate a past study but examine different participants and
different research sites? Sources of Research Problem
5. Will your study extend past research or examine the topic more thoroughly? 1. Personal interests and experiences (as the researcher)
6. Will your study give voice to people not heard, silenced, or rejected in society 2. Readings (journals, books, theses, dissertations or mass media)
7. Will your study inform practice? 3. Deductions from Theories

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MODULE 2: IDENTIFYING THE INQUIRY AND STATING THE PROBLEM

Suggested Areas of Research

PREPARING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL
In research process, the first and foremost step happens to be that of selecting and
1. Academic Performance
properly defining a research problem. Each research project begins with a topic and a
2. Attitudes
problem. Once you have decided on a topic to pursue or a problem to solve, each step or
3. Satisfaction / Awareness
part of the research will fall into place one by one. But getting there is not as easy as it may
4. Anxiety
seem.
5. Self-Efficacy
A topic may be too broad or too narrow, a problem may be too overwhelming or
6. Learning Styles
too easy to solve.
7. Improvisation or efficiency/efficacy/effectiveness of an improvised apparatus

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH The statement of the problem is also known as the research puzzle or the problematique. It
is a formal articulation of the specific topic which you intend to address through research. In
S Specific Goal, variables and locale writing this section, you need to problematize your topic and explicitly identify the specific
situation, problem or issue.
M Measurable Quantifiable data and results This should include the following:
1. A clear statement that the problem exists
A Attainable Reasonable and realistic
2. Evidence that supports the existence of the problem
R Relevant Appropriate to the current time, period or circumstances 3. Evidence of an existing trend that has led to the problem
4. Definitions of major concepts and terms
T Time bound Within a specific period of time 5. A clear description of the setting
6. Probable causes related to the problem
7. Specific and feasible statement
Criteria in Selecting a Good Research Problem

1. Great interest to the researcher

Developing a research problem can be done in four (4) steps:
2. Relevant and useful to a specific group of people
3. Novel - “element of newness or freshness” & “there is originality”
1. Choose a broad topic
4. Well-defined or specified - “scope or limits”
2. Do a preliminary research
5. Measurable - variables involved allow measurement
3. Define the problem
6. Time-bounded - - projection as regards the time to complete the 4. Refine the question
research As a student researcher, let us go through these steps to guide us in choosing a
7. Has contribution to the refinement of important concepts, improvement quantitative research topic related to our chosen field.
of research questionnaires and permits generalizations.
8. Researcher’s capability to meet what it requires 1. CHOOSE A BROAD TOPIC. The first step is quite simple. As a Senior High School
* manpower * money * time and expertise student, these tips will surely guide you in selecting a broad topic for quantitative
9. Ethical – know the ethical standards in making a research. Avoid research:
plagiarism

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A. Choose an interesting topic. advice, especially on the possible obstacles, resource limitations, and expanse of the
Research is a very challenging task that demands your time and persistence. Your study.
motivation to find the answer to the problem should keep you going, thus building a
iv. Brainstorming. Do not underestimate the ideas from classmates, friends, and family
momentum along the way. Therefore, your research topic must be something that you
members. You may be overwhelmed at first by the outpouring of ideas, just build a list,
are passionate about.
then cross off any topic unrelated to your field or not so interesting to you. Of course,

you must take precautionary measures in doing this by observing physical distancing. You
B. Select a significant topic.
can use any social media platform to do this.
A topic that is worth researching must be able to answer or solve problems in the
community. No one will take an interest in your topic if it is obsolete and does not
address any real problem. To be proactive and to take part in solving problems with 2. DO A PRELIMINARY RESEARCH. The second step is much more time-consuming.
socio-economic relevance gives a sense of accomplishment. You do not even have to Once you have chosen a broad topic, you need to have a better understanding of it
look far, just take a look at your household, neighborhood, school, group of friends, or by reading some more articles, journals, and related research studies. Find out how
local community for a common problem or difficulty. other researchers gathered their data, what research instruments were used, how the
data were analyzed, and what important findings they shared. Take note of every
C. Choose a topic relevant to your field.
relevant research study for future reference. If you started the topic search (first step)
One of the goals of this course is for you to be able to produce a quantitative research
by doing a literature review, the second step is just a continuation of what you started.
study that is aligned to your chosen track. A SHS student under ABM must choose a topic
related to business and management while students taking HUMSS may consider
3. DEFINE THE PROBLEM. After getting enough information, you may be able to list
choosing a topic about politics, culture, and arts. Choosing a topic that you can relate will
some questions or problems that you want to research. At this stage, you should be
certainly make your research project less challenging. able to narrow down broad topic into feasible and manageable research questions.
In the event, that the three tips above do not shed some light on your minds, do not A broad topic can be narrowed down by limiting the population, place, period, or a
certain characteristic. However, be very mindful that your problem may not be too
despair; other sources of ideas like the ones below may be available for you.
narrow that it becomes very simple and does not need to collect unique data or does
i. Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Harmonized National R & D Agenda not generate new information. A very narrow research question can be developed
for 2017-2022. Early in 2017, DOST, together with researchers from the health, agriculture, by doing a comparative study or expanding the scope of the study.
industry, and academe, released research priorities for 2017 to 2022 that are relevant for
the economic growth of the country. Visit this link https://bit.ly/3hHTf2Y for a list of 4. REFINE THE QUESTION. This step lets you evaluate the questions formulated. What
suggested studies. specific questions should you ask? How should you gather your data sufficient to answer
the questions? Are the questions too narrow, or does it need to be trimmed down? While
ii. Review of Literature. Some researchers reveal that reading previous studies fueled their evaluating the research question, consider the requirements of the course. How much
minds with tons of research topics. Reviewing the literature lets them know what has been time are you given to finish the research? What resources do you need and are they
studied, what is not yet done, and what other researchers suggest working on. Journals, available?
periodicals, and peer-reviewed articles are a good read.

iii. Field experts. Gather up some guts to approach anyone you know that are experts on
the field of your choice because they may give valuable inputs or may currently be
working on a study where you can collaborate. Your instructor may also give you some
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THE TOPIC As you can see from the table, you can narrow down your research topics by asking basic
This is a brief description of the proposed area of study. Beware of choosing a topic that is Wh-questions (who, what, when, where- but not why) related to your topic.
too narrow or too broad. A good rule of thumb to remember is this: If there are entire books “WHO”- limit the subject (or people involved) in your topic
written about your topic, it is too broad for a research paper. Conversely, if your research “WHERE”- limit the geographical scope of your topic
question can be fully answered in a few paragraphs, your topic is too limited. “WHEN”- define the time frame of your topic
“WHAT”- limit various categories that relate to your subjects, location, and time
Once you have a topic, construct it into a research problem. Reflect on these questions: frame (example of categories: sex or gender, age, civil status, nationality, and
Why will I do these? What do I want to know? If you have any difficulty deciding on what educational level etc.)
topic to research about, read past researches, review you notes in class, discuss potential
topics with a friend or classmate, think about what you have written in the past, and search IDENTIFYING RESEARCH FOCUS
media sources, the internet and databases such as Social Science Research Network.
There is a need to clarify or narrow down the identified topic area. A topic area
MAKING YOUR TOPIC MANAGEABLE such as “Students can’t read,” is not clear because many aspects of reading, including
discrete reading skills and strategies, may contribute to reading difficulties. Alternatively,
In narrowing down your topic, you might decide to employ a research design that would “Students cannot find the main ideas in reading passages,’ is much clearer and potentially
use a manageable amount of data to finish your work within a given time frame in a specific much easier to measure and address, since one can define the main idea and determine the
locations performance related to this behaviour in number of ways.
A sampling of how broad topics can be narrowed down by specific research parameters is
provided below;
Clarifying the problem focus may be done by identifying the areas (specific
problems) affected by it and the issues relative to the problem focus that needs to be
Further Narrowed resolved.
Broad Topic Narrowed Down Overly Specific
Down

Coffee addiction Coffee addiction Coffee addiction among

Coffee among among Filipino Filipino teenagers in Quezon Identified Focus of the Study
Identified topic or Trend
addiction teenagers (by teenagers City (affected areas by the topic or trend)
subject) (by nationality) (by city/location) Teaching Strategies
Single Mathematics achievement level
Singaporean way of teaching mathematics
Single parenthood Math anxiety
Single parenthood among
Single parenthood among male Study habits
male high school students
parenthood among men students
(by educational level)
(by sex) (by status One issue that can be investigated based on the above example may focus on the direct
(education)) effect of the Singaporean way of teaching mathematics to the achievement level of the
Bullying among grade students. Another issue that researchers can look into is the effect of the Singaporean way
Bullying among
school girls in exclusive of teaching mathematics in reducing the anxiety level of the students thus improving their
Bullying among grade school girls
Bullying Catholic schools academic performance. A third issue is the moderating role of the Singaporean way of
girls (by sex) (by educational
(by type of educational teaching mathematics in enhancing the effect of students’ study habits on the anxiety level
level)
upbringing) of the students. Indeed, once the areas affected by the trend are identified, there are a lot
of issues that can already be investigated.
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3. Shorten the title by eliminating unnecessary words. You may also shrink a phrase into a
simpler phrase or a single word. In doing this, make sure that the main thought of the
Basic Guidelines in Make Research Title research study is retained.
4. Correct grammar and punctuation errors if there is any.
A research study title is the very first thing a reader comes across when searching for
5. Observe proper formatting. The format may vary according to the requirements of the
scientific literature. It is a concise description of the content of the research study
course or school. Please seek guidance from your professor.
containing the fewest possible words, yet adequate to describe the contents of the paper
for a simple reason that we do not want to mislead the readers. After conceptualizing a
most probable research topic, drafting the title early in the research process helps in The Introduction
keeping your focus on the subject. The following are the basic guidelines in making a
research study title: Most research papers start with an introduction chapter or section. The primary purpose of
the introduction is to give the readers an overview of what the entire study is all about. It
1. Use an accurate description of the subject and scope of the study instead of using general aims to introduce the readers to the research topic and the research problem that the study
terms. is trying to address. As well, the introduction section or chapter should persuade the reader
2. Do not use abbreviations except for commonly known ones like DNA and ICT. that the study is important and interesting.
3. Do not include words like “The study of,” “analysis of,” “an investigation of” or similar
construction as these would only lengthen the title.
4. Include the main dependent and independent variables. The Introduction should include:
5. Be mindful of the proper use of grammar and punctuation.
6. Capitalize all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs as well as the first letter of the ✓ the background of the study
first and last words. ✓ the statement of the problem
7. State in a declarative form, although you may also see titles in question form from time ✓ the research questions or objective
to time. ✓ the significance of the of the study
8. The year the study has been conducted should not be indicated unless it is a historical ✓ the scope and delimitations
study.
9. Use current terminology.
The Background of the Study
10. Depending on the institutional requirements, 5 to15 words are sufficient to describe the
research study. The primary purpose of the background of the study is to provide the reader with the context
11. Use the common name instead of chemical formula (e.g., NH4) and explain the circumstances that led to the study. It can discuss briefly the specific problem
12. Write and italicize the full scientific names. or situation, conflict of ideas, gaps in knowledge, literature, or theories that caught your
13. Must reflect the tone of the paper. An academic research paper has title which is not attention as a researcher and compelled you to select your particular research topic. It
casual, or informal, or does not contain humor. answers the question, “Why are you studying this particular research topic”

The background of the study provides insights to the motivations and perspectives of the
The following steps can guide you in writing your research title: researcher. It can tell the reader why you are personally or academically interested in
1. Determine what it is that you wish to accomplish or know from your study. Write one to studying your chosen topic and what you intend to accomplish. This can help the reader
two sentences to state the main objectives of your research project. understand your concept as a researcher. It can help persuade them to keep reading your
2. Include important keywords and variables. Revise the sentences into one complete study even if it is about an esoteric or unusual topic that they would not normally read about.
sentence that includes important keywords and variables of the study.

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The background of the study often begins with a description or overview of a situation or do more detailed research and find sources that are more relevant
idea of interest to the researcher. to your thesis or research question.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD BACKGROUND OF STUDY Complete your research using your thesis statement and research
question as your guide. You will find relevant sources that will find
1. Concise- the background should not be written too long Use your thesis relevant sources that will provide insights into your specific thesis
statement and issue or problem. Make sure that your sources provide details on
2. Clearly written-the background should be written using simple, easy to understand words research question as the history and past researches related to your research question.
with a minimum of complicated technical terminologies or jargon. a guide
3. Persuasive- the background should be written in a way in a way that will convince the As you evaluate your research and begin to write the background
readers that the study is interesting, important, and worth read Create relevant study, create five separate sections that cover the key issues, major
sections as you write findings and controversies surrounding your thesis, as well as
the background sections for evaluation and conclusion.
study
Describing the Background Identify any further Conclude your background by identifying any further study that
study that needs to needs to be done in that issue that haven’t been considered
Steps Description
be done. before.
Conduct preliminary researches in the beginning stages of
formulating a thesis, when many issues are unclear and thoughts
Conduct preliminary need to be solidified. Conducting preliminary research on your
Revise and edit your Complete several drafts of your work, revising and filling the new
research area of study and specific topic will help you to formulate a
background of study information as you go. Each time that you read over, try to leave it
research question or thesis statement that will lead to more specific
better that it was before. It’s also a great idea to have someone
and relevant research. Visit library and check and check the
else look it over.
internet and internet and electronic databases to find preliminary
sources, such as books and scholarly journals for you background
study.
Read information and develop research question or thesis statement that
will guide your thesis. You will need to take note and keep accurate track of
Read information the sources that you need to use up to this point. Many people use note
cards, but with current technology, there are many electronic note- taking
and develop a
programs available. Use a method of recording source information that
research question you are comfortable with. Be sure to cite the source of the information on
References:
each note so you don’t forget where each piece of information came from
should you decide to use it in your thesis.
Torneo, H.S. & Torneo, A.R. (2017). Practical Research 2: An Introduction to Quantitative
Think about what you’ve read and look for issues, problems or Research
Write a thesis solutions that others have found and determine your own opinion
statement or or stance on the issue. Write your opinion as an authoritative Melegrito M, et al, (2016). Applied Research: An Introduction to Quantitative Research
research question statement on the issue, problem or solution. At this point, you can Methods and Report Writing

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Retrieved from: http://readingcraze.com/index.php/importance-formulating-research-
problem/

Retrieved from:
file:///C:/Users/user/Documents/RDL2%20DEPED/PracResearch2_Gr12_Q1_Mod3_Concept
ual_Framework_and_Review_of_Related_Literature_ver3%20(1).pd
Motivation Activity
Key Answer:
Module 1: Key Answer 1. A study on the effect of gender on the academic performance of
students.
A. Inquiry vs. Research B. Qualitative vs. Quantitative
1. Research 1. Qualitative 2. A study on the relation of length of study period and the grades of the
2. inquiry 2. Quantitative students.
3. Qualitative 3. A study on the relationship between average family income and
3. Research 4. Quantitative food expenditure.
4. Research 5. Qualitative 4. A study on high school student’s choice of types of movies.
6. Qualitative 5. A study on the relation between study habits and performance of grade
5. Inquiry
7. Qualitative 10 students.
6.research 8. Quantitative
9. Qualitative
7. Research
10. Qualitative
8. Research

9. Inquiry

10. Inquiry

VII: Enrichment

a. Importance of research across fields

(Answers Vary)

b Reflection (Answers Vary)

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B. IDENTIFICATION. Identify the research topic/ title which is considered to be BROAD.

Practice:
Encircle the letter of your choice.

Researchable or Non- researchable. Determine whether the given problem is researchable 1. A. Attitudes and Behavioral Problems of the Grade 7 Learners of Region
or non-researchable. Put a check mark in the space provided.
B. Attitudes and Behavioral Problems of the Grade 7 Learners of Luzon

C. Attitudes and Behavioral Problems of the Grade 7 Learners of Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur
Researchable Non-researchable
D. Attitudes and Behavioral Problems of the Grade 7 Learners of Ilocos Sur

1. Bullying among grade school girls 2. A. Single Parenthood among High School Filipino Male Students

B. Single Parenthood among High School Students

2. How to ask your boss for a salary C. Single Parenthood among High School Male Students
increase?
D. Single Parenthood among High School Filipino Students

3. The Level of Satisfaction of the 3. A. Career Choosing of Filipino Senior High School Students of Sta. Lucia Academy, Inc.
Grade 12 Learners on the SHS B. Career Choosing of High School Students of Sta. Lucia Academy, Inc.
Voucher Program C. Career Choosing of Grade 11 Senior High School Students of Sta. Lucia Academy, Inc.
4. Mathematics achievement level of D. Career Choosing of Senior High School Students of Sta. Lucia Academy
grade 12 Stem of SLA. 4. A. The Level of Satisfaction of the Grade 12 Learners on the SHS Voucher Program
B. The Level of Satisfaction of the Grade 12 Learners of Ilocos Sur on the SHS Voucher
Program
5. How to get along with your
C. The Level of Satisfaction of the Grade 12 Learners of Sta. Lucia Academy, Inc. on the
friends? SHS Voucher Program
D. The Level of Satisfaction of the SHS Learners on the SHS Voucher Program

5. A. Sta. Lucia B. Sta. Lucia Academy C. Barangobong D. Ilocos Sur

6. A. Human Immunodeficiency Virus B. Symptoms of HIV C. Physical Symptoms of HIV

D. HIV-AIDS

7. A. Human Relationship B. Marriage C. Friends D. Divorce

8. A. Legends B. Philippine Literature C. Prose and Poetry D. Fiction

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Draft a working title. A working or tentative title is important at this early stage because it
can help focus the direction of your study. You can always change it as it progresses with
9. A. CoViD-19 B. CoViD-19 Active Cases C. Symptoms of CoViD-19 D. Pandemic
your research. The Language or the words that you will use in your title will reflect the kind
10. A. Legislative B. Judiciary C. Government D. Executive of research that you will undertake, whether its qualitative or quantitative. Make sure that
your working tentative title captures or reflects what you want to explain.
Enrichment:
Evaluate the research topic: Is the topic researchable and feasible? Are the data you need
Getting Started: Deciding on a Research Topic are available and accessible? Can the topic sustain your interest? Who will be the target

Identify a topic of interest. It may be something that you have read, or a friend had told you My tentative title is:
about. It may be something that you have been curious of since you entered senior high
school or something that is relevant to a particular group in society, or to the whole society
in general. It may also be something based on your life experiences.

Focus the topic of interest. Provide a brief description of it. What is it about the topic that
you are interested in? What aspect of the topic would you like to study and why/ are you
deliberately omitting any particular aspect of the topic from your study? If you are, why?

Try to describe your topic of interest in a brief but succinct way by completing the
following sentences. participants of your research?

My study is about:

In the study, I would like to look into:

1.

2.

3.

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