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Exp 70

The document outlines an experiment on three-phase transformers conducted by a student at Sana'a University, detailing objectives, tools, procedures for open circuit, short circuit, and load tests, along with results and discussions. The primary goals include determining the transformation ratio, equivalent circuit constants, and load characteristics. Results from various tests are presented, showing efficiency and performance metrics of the transformers under different conditions.

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202374231
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16 views8 pages

Exp 70

The document outlines an experiment on three-phase transformers conducted by a student at Sana'a University, detailing objectives, tools, procedures for open circuit, short circuit, and load tests, along with results and discussions. The primary goals include determining the transformation ratio, equivalent circuit constants, and load characteristics. Results from various tests are presented, showing efficiency and performance metrics of the transformers under different conditions.

Uploaded by

202374231
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REPUBLIC OF YEMEN

SANA'A UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT

Electrical Machines (1)


Exp. (1): Three-phase Transformers
Prepared by:
Abdul Wahab Mohmmed futieh
AC.NO:202374231
Group No. (2)

Supervised by:
Mutasim fogira
Contents
1) Objectives: .............................................................................................
3
2) Experiment tools ....................................................................................
3
3) Connection Diagram: ............................................................................ 4
4) Procedure: ..............................................................................................
5
 Procedure for open circuit test : ............................................................ 5
 Procedure for short circuit test: ............................................................. 5
 Procedure for short circuit test: ............................................................. 5
 Result for open circuit test : .................................................................. 6
 Result for short circuit test: ................................................................... 6
 Result for short circuit test: ................................................................... 6
6) Curves: ...................................................................................................
7
7) Conclusion: ............................................................................................
7
8) Discussion: ............................................................................................ 7
1) Objectives:

To determine:
i. The transformation ratio.
ii. The equivalent circuit constant.
iii. The load characteristic of the transformer.

2) Experiment tools

1. Three single-phase transformers


2. Multimeters(DVM)
3. Variable Resistance Loads (Resistive Load Cart)
4. Fluke Power Quality Meter (PQM) – from stockroom (SR)
5. Optically Coupled USB Cable for Fluke PQM from SR
6. High Sensitivity, AC-DC Current Clamps Probe from SR
7. Six additional long Sheathed and stackable banana cables from SR
8. 3 sets of sheathed non-retractable banana cables from SR
3) Connection Diagram:
4) Procedure:

❖ Procedure for open circuit test :

1.Connect the circuit as shown in figure.


2. Increase V Lu in steps from zero to the rated voltage of the transformer, and
take reading of Pa
P cong . and V Lx for each value of V L1.
3.Plot curves for P_{d} I bullet and V_{12} against V LN.
4.Calculate the value of X_{m} and R of the equivalent circuit referred to both
the L.V and H.V sides.
5. Determine the value of the turns ratio and the transformer iron losses at
rated voltages.
6.Comment on the shape of the curves you obtained.
❖ . Procedure for short circuit test:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure.
2.Increase V Llse in steps from zero to the value which gives full load current
in both winding, and take reading of P_{1s}, P_{2s} I Iac and I_{2s} in each
case.
3.Plot the relations between V Liej P sc and I_{2s} as a function of I_{1s}
4.Calculate the values of X eq and R eq of the equivalent circuit referred to
both the L.V and H.V sides. Calculate also the value of the copper loss at full
load current.
5.Using the results of the open-circuit and the short-circuit tests, draw the
equivalent circuit of the transformer referred to both sides.

❖ Procedure for load circuit test:

1.Connect the transformer to a resistive load as shown in figure.


2.Vary the load in steps and record the values of I_{1} V L1 P im I_{2} and
V L2 for each step at the load.
3. For each load step calculate P out , and percentage of the transformer.
4.Calculate the regulation of the transformer at full load from the last readings.
5. Compute the regulation of unity p.f using the results of the no load and short
circuit tests and compare the values obtained with those obtained in (4).
Comment on the difference.
6.Plot curves of P ins percentage and V{2} against P out .
5) Result;
❖ Result for open circuit test :

V(LV) I(LV) P1(w) P2(w) P3(w) V(h.v) Ƞ%


50 0.025 0.4 0.5 0.75 93.7 34.64203
100 0.04 1.1 1.7 2.3 184.7 33.19861
150 0.07 2.3 3.2 4.7 280 25.84406
190 0.11 3.2 5 8.1 354 22.37643

Result for short circuit test:

(I)L.v) (I)H.A) (Vs)(H.v) P1(w) P2(w) P3 Ƞ%

0.1 0.044 3.3 0.14 0.14


89.81657
0.28
0.2 0.09 6.5 0.55 0.64
85.14454
1.19
0.3 0.15 9.5 1.2 1.4
94.92692
2.6
0.45 0.24 14.5 2.35 2.85
5.2
Result for load circuit test:
𝑰L.v(A) 𝑰H.v(A) VL.v(V) vH.v(V) 𝑷1(w) 𝑷2(w) PIN pou

0 0.07 206.8 380 1.5 18


19.5 0
0.1 0.09 204.6 380 2.4 41
43.4 35.43672
0.2 0.145 202.8 380 43 58
101 70.24992
0.3 0.23 200.6 380 57 77
134 104.2318
0.45 0.285 198 380 73 105
178 154.3212
5) Discussion:

1.Comment on the shape of the results obtained from no load, short circuit and
load test.

1. No-Load Test (Open-Circuit Test)


The voltage-current curve is nonlinear due to the magnetization characteristic
of the core, showing a steep increase in current with higher voltages near
saturation.
Power loss remains relatively constant, as it mainly reflects core losses
independent of load.

2. Short-Circuit Test
The voltage-current curve is linear, as the test is conducted at a fraction of the
rated voltage, keeping the core unsaturated.
Power increases quadratically with current, as copper losses are proportional
to .
3. Load Test
The voltage-regulation curve typically shows a non-linear relationship due to
the variation in load power factor.
Efficiency vs. load curve resembles a parabola, peaking near the optimal load
and decreasing at very low and very high loads due to core and copper losses.

2.Calculate the efficiency of the transformer at unity p.f at different load


currents using the results obtained from no load and short circuit test.
Compare the results obtained with those obtained from load test.
Calculated in result.

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