f1000research-12-150605

F1000Research 2023, 12:516 Last updated: 12 JUN 2023
RESEARCH ARTICLE
The journey of F1000Research since inception: through

bibliometric analysis [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
Dilip Kumar 1, Abhinav Kumar Shandilya 2, Sandeep Srivastava3
1Welcomgroup Graduate School of Hotel Administration, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
2Department of Hotel Management and Catering Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
3Welcomgroup Graduate School of Hotel Administration, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
v2 First published: 18 May 2023, 12:516 Open Peer Review

https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.134244.1
Latest published: 07 Jun 2023, 12:516
https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.134244.2 Approval Status
1 2
Abstract
Background: Bibliometric analysis is an approach adopted by version 2
researchers to understand the various analytics such as year-wise (revision) view
publications, their citations, most impactful authors and their 07 Jun 2023
contributions, identification of emerging keywords, multiple themes
(niche, motor, basic, and emerging or declining) etc. F1000Research is
version 1
one of the Q1 category journals that publishes articles in various
18 May 2023 view view
domains, but a detailed journal analysis is yet to be done.
Methods: This study is an effort to extract the F1000Research journey
information through bibliometric analysis using VOS-viewer and 1. Rahul Pratap Singh Kaurav , Fortune
Biblioshiny (R-studio) interface. The F1000Research journal started its Institute of International Business, New
journey in 2012; since then, 5767 articles have been published until
Delhi, India
the end of 2022. Most of the published articles are from medical
science, covering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology, 2. Ajit Singh , Chandigarh University,
Immunology & Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pharmaceutics. To
understand the research journey, various analyses such as publication Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
& citation trends, leading authors, institutions, countries, most
Any reports and responses or comments on the
frequent keywords, bibliographic coupling between authors, countries
and documents, emerging research themes, and trending keywords article can be found at the end of the article.
were performed.
Results: The United States is the biggest contributor, and COVID-19 is
the most commonly occurred keyword.
Conclusions: The present study may help future researchers to
understand the emerging medical science domain. It will also help the
editors and journal to focus more on developing or emerging areas
and to understand their importance towards society. Future
researchers can contribute their quality research studies, focusing on
emerging themes. These authors’ research can guide future
researchers to develop their research area around the most impacted
articles. They can collaborate with them to bring that emerging theme
forward.
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Keywords
Bibliometric study, F1000Research, COVID-19, VOS-viewer, Biblioshiny,
Bioinformatics, visualization.
This article is included in the Manipal Academy

of Higher Education gateway.
Corresponding author: Sandeep Srivastava ([email protected])

Author roles: Kumar D: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – Original Draft Preparation;
Shandilya AK: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing;
Srivastava S: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing
Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work.
Copyright: © 2023 Kumar D et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
How to cite this article: Kumar D, Shandilya AK and Srivastava S. The journey of F1000Research since inception: through
bibliometric analysis [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] F1000Research 2023, 12:516
https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.134244.2
First published: 18 May 2023, 12:516 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.134244.1
Page 2 of 28
REVISED Amendments from Version 1

Reviewers have recommended reading some work on bibliometric analysis and adding it to the methodology section to
make it more impactful. Found the recommended works relevant to the present study and added them according to their
relevancy. Heartfelt thanks to the reviewers for their recommendation and observation.
Any further responses from the reviewers can be found at the end of the article
Introduction
F1000Research is a journal under Taylor and Francis Group which has published 4947000+ articles and published by
F1000 Research Ltd. It publishes a wide range of themes like social sciences, science, humanities, medicine, engineering
and technology, agricultural and veterinary sciences, and arts without any biases by an editorial board. It publishes papers
in multi-disciplinary areas and provides wider opportunities for researchers through its open-access publishing platform,
offering rapid and regular publication. Compared to other journals ranked in the Q1 category, it is relatively new.
However, in 11 years, it has published a vast quantity of research papers, i.e., 5767, until 31st December 2022.
F1000Research publishes peer-reviewed research articles in a periodical order and has an International Standard Serial
Number (ISSN) of 2046-1402. F1000Research started its publishing journey in 2012, having an H-index - 72, an impact
factor (2021) - 3.23, an overall ranking of 4485, SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) – 0.939 (Resurchify, 2023). SCImago Journal
Ranking (SJI) has divided journals into four categories, namely Q1 (green) comprised of highest quality journals, Q2 is the
second best quality journals, Q3 is the third best quality journal, and Q4 is the least quality journals (SCImago, 2023).
F1000Research is a multi-disciplinary journal covering a vast publication domain; therefore, a bibliometric analysis was
conducted to understand the journal’s past, present, and future research agenda to honour its stature. Bibliometric analysis
help in measuring the journal’s progress journey through co-word, citation, and bibliographic coupling (Donthu et al.,
2020). Journal performance, development and content insights can be helpful for researchers in studying a specific
journal (Ratten et al., 2020). Recently, bibliometric analyses have been conducted in quality journals in the areas of
nursing (Yanbing et al., 2020), money laundering (Saxena & Kumar, 2023), tourism (Leong et al., 2021), hospitality
(Martorell Cunill et al., 2019), engineering (Modak et al., 2020), medicare (Lin et al., 2020), humanities (Nwagwu &
Egbon, 2011) and management (Ratten et al., 2020). For every top-ranked journal, whether the “International Journal of
Hospitality Management” or “International Marketing Review,” a bibliometric analysis study has been performed.
However, a journal like F1000Research (a journal of great repute) has a bibliometric analysis not yet been conducted.
This study aims to unveil the journey of F1000Research since its inception to understand its past, present, and future
direction.
Various visualising software can be used for bibliometric analysis, such as VOS-viewer, Bibliometrix (R-studio), Gephi,
CiteNet, Pajek, Sci2, and HiteCite (Van Eck & Waltman, 2013). In the present study, VOS-viewer and Biblioshiny
(R-studio) are preferred over other visualising software due to their web-map pictorial representation, data-friendly
features, and detailed analysis. This analysis helps in finding the research questions:
RQ1: What are the publication trends of F1000Research since its inception (2012-2022)?
RQ2: Who are the leading authors, organisations/institutions and countries publishing in the F1000Research journal?
RQ3: What are the most frequent keywords used and cluster formation based on keywords appeared?
RQ4: Which are the most cited publications and most impactful authors in the F1000Research journal?
RQ5: What is the major bibliographic coupling regarding countries, authors, documents, and organisations?
RQ6: What are the trending words and emerging research areas?
RQ7: What are the future research directions in the present research publication domain?
As F1000Research is a multi-disciplinary journal; it therefore covers a broad area of research publications that can help
present, and future researchers and editors identify emerging areas, contribute their efforts to society, and widen the
research horizon. This paper is organised into various parts such as the reasons behind choosing F1000Research journal
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for bibliometric analysis, methodology, results discussion generated from the VOS-viewer and Biblioshiny (R-studio)
regarding the research questions (authors, country, publications, citations, bibliographic coupling, co-citations, and
co-occurrence of author keywords), future directions, and implications, and limitations of study.
Methods
Study design
In 1969, Pritchard introduced Bibliometrics as “applying mathematical and statistical methods to books and other means
of communication” (Pritchard, 1969). In the present scenario, it is widely seen in every field. It is a quantitative and
qualitative research analysis used to understand and highlight the impact of authors, institutions, collaborations, emerging
research areas and countries. The present study used a bibliometric technique through VOS-viewer and Biblioshiny
(R-studio) to analyse the performance of the F1000Research since its inception (2012). It is a Q1 category journal indexed
in Scopus, UGC CARE, DOAJ, and PubMed. Scopus is one of the best reliable databases, which has 1.8+ billion cited
references, 84+ million records, 17.6+ million authors’ profiles, 94.8+ affiliation profiles, and 7+ thousand publishers,
where 35% of publications are from the field of social sciences, 27% physical sciences, 23% health sciences and 15% life
sciences (ELSEVIER, 2020). Hence, the Scopus database has been used to extract the metadata, as suggested by Baber
et al. (2023).
Metadata extracted from the Scopus database has been analysed using VOS-viewer software developed by van Eck &
Waltman (2010) and Biblioshiny (R-studio) interface developed by Aria & Cuccurullo (2017). Bibliometric metadata
represents various relationships, such as publications and citations (Ding et al., 2017). Bibliometric analysis helps
connect the journal’s several variables, which future researchers can use to move towards the proper direction (Kaurav &
Gupta, 2022). The impact of the publications is measured through their citations, whereas the number of publications only
quantifies their productivity (Svensson, 2010). H-index explains “the number of papers with citation number >h, as a
useful index to characterise a researcher’s scientific output” (Hirsch, 2005), which has also been used in the present study.
Data collection
Various studies have used keywords search index criteria (Chen et al., 2017; Maier et al., 2020; Kumar et al., 2022; Leong
et al., 2021; Pesta et al., 2018; Singh et al., 2022) for extracting the Scopus metadata. It has prepared the base and design
for data collection, which has also been used in the present study.
Step 1: The Scopus database was searched with the keyword (ALL(F1000Research) AND PUBYEAR > 2011
AND PUBYEAR < 2023 AND (LIMIT-TO (EXACTSRCTITLE,“F1000research”)) AND (LIMIT-TO
(LANGUAGE,“English”)) AND (LIMIT-TO (DOCTYPE,“ar”) OR LIMIT-TO (DOCTYPE,“re”))) in the ‘source title’
on 22nd March 2023 from the IP address of ‘Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.’ Metadata of 72396
documents appeared in the initial search.
Step 2: Various journals appeared but were limited to an ‘F1000Research’ only., in which 5999 metadata appeared.
Step 3: The result from 2012-2022 (31st December 2022), generated 5987 documents and then refined to the language
‘English,’ publication stage ‘Final’, limited to ‘article and review’ only generated 5767 documents.
Step 4: Only 5727 metadata were downloaded, whereas the remaining 40 could not be downloaded due to a metadata
error. Finally, a CSV file, including “Citations information, bibliographical information, abstracts and keywords, funding
details and other information,” was downloaded.
Step 5: Purification of data performed in CSV file using the conditional formatting features to remove the duplicate
articles (202 articles) and removed seven articles due to retraction case. Finally, 5518 articles (metadata) were used for the
final analysis using VOS-viewer software and Bibliometrix (R-studio) interface (Kumar, 2023).
Data analysis
The present study used VOS-viewer software version 1.6.19 and Biblioshiny (R-studio) 4.2.3 interface to analyse the
F1000 research journey. A samples of 1000 papers considered as an good enough to generalise the result (Rogers et al.,
2020). To analyse the publication trends of F1000Research, find out the leading authors, organisations, countries,
frequent keywords, most cited publications, bibliographic coupling between authors, organisations and countries, and
emerging research areas since its inception VOS-viewer and Biblioshiny were used. VOS-viewer uses a fractional
counting method, whereas the Scopus database generates metadata under a full counting system; therefore, full and
fractional both counting methods have been used. However, Biblioshiny (R-studio) interface generates a detailed
analysis. However, data reading showed poor keywords details, a completely missing number of cited references, and
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a completely missing science categories, which specifies some missing data. Although extracted metadata provided
enough information to be used in the final analysis.
Results
Publication trends and citation analysis of F1000Research
Quantifying publications and their citations play a significant role in assessing the journal’s global presence and
recognition. In the present study, Figure 1 represents the number of publications that remained almost constant during
2016, 2017, 2020, and 2021 (ranging between 614-669), whereas, in 2018, publications increased drastically to 915 and
again reduced in 2019 to 764. It shows that before COVID-19, upward growth in the publication was seen due to the
journal’s recognition and popularity among the researchers. Citations which make the article journal more impactful,
increased dramatically in 2016 to 16301 from 5162 (2015) and again started declining. Citations formed a bell-curve
shape, which shows that they grew from 413 citations in 2012 to 16301 and reduced to 276 in 2022. New articles are still
to create their impact in the researcher’s mind to cite them in their literature. F1000Research started its journey in 2012
and published only 43 articles, multiplied thrice in consecutive years.
Organisations contributions (Documents & Citations)

Table 2 represents the top 20 organisations that contributed to the F1000Research journal. A maximum number of articles
published by “Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia,” i.e., 12 but got only
seven citations as they have published their work recently (2021). Whereas the maximum number of citations received by
“SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,” i.e., 1834, is exhibited in Figure 2.
However, it has published only four articles. Following the “Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine,
Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia” published seven articles having a citation of 211. “Brawijaya
Internal Medicine Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya,
Malang, East Java, Indonesia”, ranked number three, has published eight documents but has g-citations of 202.
European, Asian (mainly Malaysia, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia), and American (both south and north) organisations
contributed to the top 20 organisations list. In contrast, African and Australian organisations are not in the top
20 organisations listed in Table 2. The organisation that published their articles in the F1000Research journal from
2016-2022 (22nd March) is represented in Figure 2. Organisations marked in yellow (“Faculty of Computing and
Figure 1. Publications and Citations trends since 2012 (Source: Scopus Database, Software: MS-excel).
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Table 1. Procedure of data collection (step by step).
Steps used The command used to extract the data Data extracted
Step 1 F1000Research 72,396
Step 2 Limit to – F1000Research only 5999
Step 3 Limit to – Year (2012-2022), English, Final Publication stage, articles & reviews 5767
Step 4 An error occurred while downloading the metadata; we downloaded 40 less 5727
Step 5 Data purification – Removal of duplicate and retraction data 5518
Table 2. Top 20 organisations contributing to F1000Research (Source: Scopus database, Software: VOS-viewer
& MS-excel).
Organisation Documents Citations Citations/

documents
“SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, 4 1834 459
8057, Switzerland”
“Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas 7 211 30
Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia”
“Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Center, Department of 8 202 25
Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya,
Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia”
“Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah 6 199 33
Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia”
“Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States” 7 183 26
“Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of 7 134 19
Public Health, Baltimore, 21205, MD, United States”
“Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah 6 121 20
Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia”
“Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, 5 116 23
Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh”
“Collaborative Drug Discovery, Burlingame, 94010, CA, United 4 114 29
States”
“Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, Limes Program Unit 7 109 16
Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-
Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, D-533, Germany”
“Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 5 109 22
65117, Indonesia”
“Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South 4 108 27
Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia”
“University College London, London, Wc1e 6bt, United Kingdom” 4 95 24
“Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco 4 91 23
Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia”
“Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, 4 90 23
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi
Arabia”
“Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United 4 87 22
Kingdom”
“The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5s 3e1, ON, 5 70 14
Canada”
“Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, 94158, CA, United States” 4 69 17
“The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, 5 58 12
Nr4 7uh, United Kingdom.”
“Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 5 57 11
92093-0688, CA, United States”
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Figure 2. Overlay graphical representations of the top organisation (Data source: Scopus, Software: VOS-
viewer).
Informatics,” “Faculty of Management,” “Faculty of Engineering,” “Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory,” and “Depart-
ment of Community Medicine”) are relatively young in publishing their work in the F1000Research journal.
Country’s production overtime

Table 3 represents the country’s production over time, citations generated by the specific country and total link strength
(TLS). Figure 3 illustrates the significant countries’ contributions/production over time (2012-2022). According to
Table 3. Country’s overtime production (Data source: Scopus, Software: VOS-viewer & MS-excel).
Country Documents Citations Total link strength

United States 1893 31765 99249
United Kingdom 882 12866 73643
Canada 309 5776 33610
Germany 357 5670 48765
Australia 281 5129 31965
Switzerland 192 4428 34953
Italy 208 3145 24442
France 242 2728 35556
Netherlands 152 2182 32360
China 120 2130 21390
Belgium 102 1937 24602
Spain 163 1641 33496
India 274 1589 16969
Sweden 95 1271 21112
Indonesia 300 1261 12077
Denmark 74 1172 16440
Brazil 92 1096 8477
Mexico 51 966 5612
Japan 127 960 12699
Bangladesh 58 855 5645
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Figure 3. Graphical representation of countries’ contribution to the F1000Research journal (Data source:
Scopus, Software: MS-excel).
Worldometer (2023), there are 195 countries in the world, of which 164 countries have contributed their work to the
F1000Research journal, ranging from 1 to 1893 publications. A major contribution was from the United States, United
Kingdom, and Germany, respectively, i.e., 1893, 882 and 357. However, citations from the United States, United
Kingdom, and Canada ranked in the top three (31765, 12866 and 5776, respectively) as shown in Table 3. India has also
contributed 274 publications (7th in publication ranking), citations of 1589 (13th in citations ranking) and a TLS of 17025.
A major chunk of Africa, Central Asia, and Greenland have contributed their work to the F1000Research journal, as
shown in Figure 3. For global recognition and contribution, the journal should target the countries whose contribution is
either less or not contributed. Quality publications can come from even the world’s smallest countries; therefore, more
focus must be given to those countries.
Most frequent keywords and their occurrence

The most frequent keyword visualisation shown in Figure 4 has been generated using the Biblioshiny (R-studio)
interface. These keywords are based on the co-occurrence of author keywords, which helps understand the most
impactful keywords and keyword popularity. Table 4 exhibits the top 20 most occurred, strongly linked, and high-
impact keywords. Future researchers use highly cited keywords as they receive global attention very fast as compared to
least cited keywords. Keywords such as “COVID-19,” “Bioinformatics,” and “SARS-Cov-2” should be used along with
“Proteinaceous,” “Peru,” “Screening,” “Oxidative stress,” etc., to explore the new facts and relationships. Countries like
India, Nepal, and Bangladesh (Asian countries) have linkages with the “COVID-19” keyword. Bibliometric analysis can
be an essential tool to detect research trends for the present and future (Pesta et al., 2018).
Author keywords co-occurrence analysis

Co-word analysis is the only technique that considers the publication’s content when measuring similarity while
co-occurrence analysis, evaluates the papers more indirectly through citations (Kanta et al., 2021). In the present study,
co-occurrence analysis is used to evaluate the articles published overtime based on author keywords. The fine-grained
tropical structure is better understood by combining the keywords and cited references in the research field which also
helps develop the relationships between various topics and their sub-topics (Van den Besselaar & Heimeriks, 2006).
VOS-viewer software helps identify the themes using the keywords co-occurrence analysis in the specific study area (van
Eck & Waltman, 2020), resulting in bibliographic clusters and emerging and least explored themes (Donthu et al., 2020).
1414 author keywords were found in the metadata extracted from the Scopus database. Only 78 keywords met the desired
threshold when the minimum number of co-occurrences was restricted to 15 keywords. Figure 5 shows the visualisation
of highly appeared keywords in various clusters marked in red (18 keywords), green (16 keywords), blue (13 keywords),
yellow (12 keywords), purple (11 keywords), cyan (6 keywords), and orange (2 keywords) colours in the F1000Research
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Figure 4. WordCloud of most frequent keywords (Software: Biblioshiny (R-studio)).
Table 4. Top-20 author keywords co-occurrences (Data source: Scopus, Software: VOS-viewer & MS-excel).
Rank Keyword Occurrences Total link strength

1 COVID-19 183 165
2 SARS-CoV-2 76 95
3 Bioinformatics 69 65
4 Cancer 66 36
5 Genomics 48 55
6 Machine Learning 44 33
7 Treatment 40 26
8 RNA-S 37 33
9 Inflammation 35 25
10 R 35 35
11 Children 33 22
12 Epidemiology 33 31
13 Reproducibility 33 31
14 Pregnancy 32 20
15 Diagnosis 31 21
16 HIV 31 11
17 Risk Factors 31 24
18 Open Science 29 27
19 Systematic Review 29 25
20 Gene Expression 27 23
journal since its inception. The red cluster is the most dominating and impactful cluster, whereas the orange is the least
impactful cluster. Table 5 exhibits the 78 keywords that appeared in various clusters (depicted seven themes). These
clusters emerged as different themes such as “bioinformatics” (69 occurrences), “treatment” (40 occurrences), “children”
(33 occurrences), “COVID-19” (183 occurrences), “cancer” (66 occurrences), “inflammation” (35 occurrences) and
“systematic review” (29 occurrences).
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Figure 5. Author keywords co-occurrence and TLS visualisation (Data source: Scopus, Software: VOS-viewer).
Table 5. Keywords co-occurrences cluster formation (Data source: Scopus, Software: VOS-viewer & MS-excel).
Keywords Occurrences Total link strength

Cluster 1
Bioinformatics 69 65
Genomics 48 55
Machine Learning 44 33
RNA-Seq 37 33
R 35 35
Reproducibility 33 31
Open Science 29 27
Gene Expression 27 23
Visualisation 25 25
Bioconductor 24 45
Education 24 22
Cytoscape 19 13
Workflow 19 28
Software 18 14
Data Sharing 17 14
Clustering 15 12
Open Access 15 13
Proteomics 15 18
Cluster 2
Treatment 40 26
Pregnancy 32 20
Diagnosis 31 21
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Table 5. Continued
Microbiome 27 9
Surgery 26 10
Tuberculosis 25 11
Pathogenesis 24 16
Mortality 20 16
Vaccine 20 12
Antimicrobial Resistance 19 9
Infection 19 21
Antibiotics 17 11
Biomarkers 17 10
Clinical Trials 17 12
Neuroimaging 16 12
Screening 15 6
Cluster 3
Children 33 22
Obesity 25 16
Depression 22 35
COPD 21 14
Stroke 20 11
Elderly 19 10
Mental Health 19 22
Randomised Controlled Trial 18 4
Hypertension 17 11
Knowledge 16 6
Anxiety 15 23
Asthma 15 15
Peru 15 15
Cluster 4
COVID-19 183 165
SARS-CoV-2 76 95
Epidemiology 33 31
HIV 31 11
Risk Factors 31 24
Coronavirus 26 38
Bangladesh 21 19
Prevalence 21 25
Public Health 21 13
Pandemic 20 29
India 17 11
Nepal 15 9
Cluster 5
Cancer 66 36
Case Report 26 5
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Table 5. Continued
Genetics 24 17
Breast Cancer 23 8
Development 23 6
Immunotherapy 23 7
Prostate Cancer 23 10
Evolution 22 7
Epigenetics 19 11
Apoptosis 16 11
Malaria 16 10
Cluster 6
Inflammation 35 25
Pain 17 6
Metabolism 16 3
Mitochondria 16 5
Diabetes 15 7
Oxidative Stress 15 3
Cluster 7
Systematic Review 29 25
Meta-Analysis 24 20
In Figure 5, keywords are depicted by a node whose size specifies occurrences (van Eck & Waltman, 2020). Bigger the
node size, the greater the occurrences of the keyword. Total link strength (TLS) has been represented by the line thickness
between the nodes, representing the keyword’s co-occurrence frequency within the links exhibited in Table 5.
Cluster 1 (Red) = Bioinformatics. This cluster comprises 18 keywords and is the most significant among the 7 clusters.
“Bioinformatics” was found as the maximum occurred keyword having 69 appearances and the maximum TLS of
65 exhibited in Table 5. It is well connected with “genomic,” “machine learning,” “RNA-Seq,” “R,” “Reproducibility,”
“open science”, and so on. It shows that the F1000Research journal mainly covers medical science articles where the
“bioinformatics” keyword plays a significant role. “Bioinformatics” is over 50 years old and recently emerged to support
next-gen data analysis. It has faced multiple challenges recently while managing big data and the reproducibility of
results, which can help integrate the same into academics (Gauthier et al., 2019). To extract information from big data,
various machine-learning algorithms are widely used and applied in bioinformatics (Min et al., 2017). Machine learning
has revolutionised computational biology (part of bioinformatics) in transforming massive data through technology into
knowledge which can help understand genomic, proteomics and system biology (Larrañaga et al., 2006). This cluster
discusses the science involved in handling bioinformatics and their application in improving education through software
and increasing visibility through open science.
Cluster 2 (Green) = Treatment. This cluster comprises 16 keywords represented in Table 5 has shown “treatment” as a
maximum occurred keyword (40 appearances) and TLS (40). It is well connected with various keywords such as
“pregnancy,” “diagnosis,” “surgery,” “microbiome,” “tuberculosis,” “vaccine”, and so on. This cluster discusses the
treatment of various diseases, infections, vaccines, and clinical trials. Pregnant women will continue to be a priority group
for treatment optimisation in the era of compulsory treatment as treatment duration and antiretroviral therapy (ART)
alternatives increase, promoting both their health and the health of their kids exposed to ART (Bailey et al., 2018).
Diagnosis and treatment go hand in hand; therefore, these two words are in the same cluster.
Cluster 3 (blue) = Children. This cluster comprises 13 keywords represented in Table 5. The maximum occurred keyword
is “children”, having 33 occurrences and a TLS of 22. TLS denotes that “children” is linked up with 22 different
keywords. Significant linkages are “obesity,” “depression,” “COPD,” “stroke,” “elderly,” “mental health”, and so
on. This cluster discussed the disease and its impact on mental health and well-being. Obesity has become a global
health problem, becoming common due to increased screen time (World Health Organization, 2005). The advertisement
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of junk and fast food impacts children’s minds towards that food and ultimately results in obesity (Strasburger et al.,
2011). Therefore, this cluster needs special attention.
Cluster 4 = COVID-19. This cluster has 12 keywords, and these are highly correlated to COVID-19. COVID-19 has the
maximum number of occurrences, i.e., 183 and TLS of 165 in the F1000Research journal. None of the keywords have
even 100 occurrences, whereas COVID-19 has 183, which shows the impact of COVID-19-related publications in the
journal. “COVID-19” has been linked with “SARS-CoV-2,” “epidemiology,” “HIV” “risk factors,” “coronavirus,”
“Prevalence,” “public health” “pandemic,” “Bangladesh,” “Nepal,” and “India” exhibited in Table 5. SARS-CoV-2
spread globally and was declared a pandemic by World Health Organisation. It damaged health and wealth and increased
poverty globally. A review proposed by Ciotti et al. (2020) provided information regarding epidemiology, its origin,
infection to humans and safety issues. Various researchers (Pokhrel & Chhetri, 2021) have also contributed to digitally
improving the teaching-learning process to fight against a COVID-19-like pandemic in future. This cluster mainly
focuses on the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on developing countries like India, Bangladesh, and Nepal.
Cluster 5 = Cancer. The fifth cluster consists of 11 keywords, clustered around the “Cancer” keyword, 66 occurrences
and 36 TLS exhibited in Table 5. “Case report,” “genetics,” “breast cancer,” “development,” and “immunotherapy” are
the significant keywords strongly linked with the “cancer” keyword. This cluster mainly focuses on a widely spreading
disease, “Cancer”, which must be prevented early rather than curing the advanced stage (Nixon et al., 1973). Due to the
increase of cancer worldwide, cancer immunotherapy's impact has gained popularity in cancer clinical care (Blank et al.,
2016). To combat this deadly disease, Silverstein et al. (2006) insisted on understanding the relationship between cancer
and the immune system to develop treatment options for patients. Similar genomic profiles of tumors can help apply
therapies to cancer types (Hegde & Chen, 2020).
Cluster 6 = Inflammation. This cluster comprises six keywords. The most impactful keyword in this cluster is
“inflammation”, have 35 occurrences and a TLS of 25 exhibited in Table 5. The remaining five keywords, “pain,”
“metabolism,” “mitochondria,” “diabetes,” and “oxidative stress,” are highly linked with the most impactful keyword,
“inflammation.” This cluster tried to explain the symptoms and the diseases. Many chronic inflammatory diseases are
caused due to imbalance of mitochondria, metabolism and inflammation (Tschopp, 2011). Inflammation can be a
possible mechanism and prevent diabetes in type 1 and type 2 (Tsalamandris et al., 2019). Inflammation and oxidative
stress are affected by hypertension and increase blood pressure regardless of medicine use (Pouvreau et al., 2018).
Cluster 7 = Systematic review. This is the smallest cluster that has only two keywords. The “Systematic review” keyword
has 29 occurrences and 25 TLS, whereas “meta-analysis” has 24 occurrences and 20 TLS exhibited in Table 5. These two
keywords are used as powerful tools for overcoming the handling of large-scale data. They can help present results from
different studies conducted on a similar topic. A thorough understanding of meta-analysis is required to understand and
accept the conclusions of various studies (Ahn & Kang, 2018).
Overlay visualisation of author keywords

Overlay visualisation of author keywords co-occurrences highlights the old and latest keywords through a bibliometric
web map (van Eck & Waltman, 2010). Figure 6 exhibits the five clusters marked in five colours ranging from purple to
yellow. Purple colours depicted the old keywords, such as “Genomics” “and Cytoscape,” whereas the latest keywords
appeared yellow colour such as “COVID-19,” “Anxiety,” “Coronavirus,” “Obesity,” “Risk Factors,” and “Depression”
are latest keywords. The latest and most popular keyword in 2020 was “COVID-19”; in the middle of 2019, the most
popular keyword was “Machine learning.” It shows that COVID-19 fever is not yet over; researchers are still exploring
this area as much as possible to fight against the deadly pandemic and to bring life back to normal.
Documents-citation analysis
The citation analysis explains the highly cited documents and authors (Waltman et al., 2020) in the specific journal,
performed through VOS-viewer software. Analysis was performed by restricting a document's minimum number of
citations to 100. Out of 5518 documents, only 71 met the desired threshold. Table 6 exhibited the top 20 authors and
articles with maximum citations in F1000 research journals. 71 documents with more than 100 citations which the
previous researchers have used and now can be used in theoretical concepts for future studies. “Differential analyses for
RNA-seq: transcript-level estimates improve gene-level inferences”, authored by Soneson et al. (2015), has a maximum
citation of 1570, which is almost thrice more than the second highest cited document (574 citations), i.e., “FastQ Screen:
A tool for multi-genome mapping and quality control” authored by Wingett & Andrews (2018). “Leishmaniasis: A
review”, authored by Torres-Guerrero et al. (2017), has 516 citations, “Bioconductor workflow for microbiome data
analysis: from raw reads to community analyses” authored by Callahan et al. (2016) has 439 citations and “Current
understanding of Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis and treatment” authored by Weller & Budson (2018) has 434 citations.
These documents can prepare a base for future researchers to develop a robust theory.
Page 13 of 28
Figure 6. Overlay visualisation of author keywords (Data source: Scopus, Software: VOS-viewer).
Table 6. Top 20 highly cited documents (Data source: Scopus, Software: VOS-viewer & MS-excel).
Rank Document Author/s Citations

1 “Differential analyses for RNA-seq: transcript-level (Soneson et al., 2015) 1570
estimates improve gene-level inferences”
2 “FastQ Screen: A tool for multi-genome mapping and (Wingett & Andrews, 2018) 574
quality control”
3 “Leishmaniasis: A review” (Torres-Guerrero et al., 2017) 516
4 “Bioconductor workflow for microbiome data analysis: (Callahan et al., 2016) 439
from raw reads to community analyses”
5 “Current understanding of Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis (Weller & Budson, 2018) 434
and treatment”
6 “A step-by-step workflow for low-level analysis of single- (Lun et al., 2016) 396
cell RNA-seq data with Bioconductor”
7 “Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: (Hossain et al., 2020) 379
A review”
8 “Plant adaptation to drought stress” (Basu et al., 2016) 376
9 “From reads to genes to pathways: differential expression (Chen et al., 2016) 356
analysis of RNA-Seq experiments using Rsubread and the
edgeR quasi-likelihood pipeline”
10 “Thousands of exon skipping events differentiate among (Florea et al., 2013) 313
splicing patterns in sixteen human tissues”
11 “Prediction of the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) 3C-like (Chen et al., 2020) 312
protease (3CL pro) structure: virtual screening reveals
velpatasvir, ledipasvir, and other drug repurposing
candidates”
12 “taxize: taxonomic search and retrieval in R” (Chamberlain & Szöcs, 2013) 284
13 “Recent advances in (therapeutic protein) drug (Lagassé et al., 2017) 279
development”
14 “HiCUP: pipeline for mapping and processing Hi-C data” (Wingett et al., 2015) 273
15 “The academic, economic and societal impacts of Open (Tennant et al., 2016) 261
Access: an evidence-based review”
16 “A step-by-step workflow for low-level analysis of single- (Lun et al., 2016) 251
cell RNA-seq data with Bioconductor”
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Table 6. Continued
Rank Document Author/s Citations
17 “Comprehensive comparison of Pacific Biosciences and (Weirather et al., 2017) 240
Oxford Nanopore Technologies and their applications to
transcriptome analysis”
18 “RNA-seq analysis is easy as 1-2-3 with limma, Glimma and (Law et al., 2016) 234
edgeR”
19 “CoNet app: inference of biological association networks (Faust & Raes, 2016) 226
using Cytoscape”
20 “Dietary assessment methods in epidemiological (Naska et al., 2017) 213
research: current state of the art and future prospects”
Most impactful authors

During the review of the F1000Research journal, 5290 authors were identified. While checking the citations analysis
through VOS-viewer and limiting the maximum number of authors per document to 25 and the minimum number of
documents of an author to two, only 225 authors met the desired threshold. Table 7 exhibits the top 20 authors,
affiliations, country, total publications, total citations, and average cited documents since the journal’s evolution until
2022. Quantifying in publications is one of the criteria for increasing visibility on a global platform. However, it is
challenging to gain popularity without citations of specific documents. Mainly European, Asian, and American continent
authors’ visibility was found in the top-20 authors in terms of quantification of publication, whereas African and
Australian authors did not appear in this list. The leading author’s impact is exhibited in Table 8 based on the h-index,
g-index, and m-index. Various algorithms have been developed to calculate the most impactful author based on the
publications, citations, author’s visibility, and continuity of publications. The g-indexed were designed to measure the
global citation performance of articles or authors. It is also known as an improved version of the h-index (Egghe, 2006).
The m-index is a metric used to measure the h-index divided by the start of the publication year until the latest year.
Table 7. Author, affiliation, countries, publications, and citation analysis (Data source: Scopus, Software: VOS-
viewer & MS-excel).
Name of author Organisations Country NP TC ACD

Jürgen Bajorath “Life Science Informatics, University of Bonn” Germany 19 222 12
Jonny Karunia “Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Center, Indonesia 17 277 16
Fajar Universitas Brawijaya”
Ben Busby “National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA 17 65 4
National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of
Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD”
Jan G. Jakobsson “Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Sweden 14 119 9
Institution for Clinical Sciences, Danderyds University
Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 18288”
Harapan “Medical Research Unit, Tropical Diseases Center, Indonesia 13 273 21
Harapan Department of Microbiology, Universitas Syiah Kuala”
Muhammad “Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 13 246 19
Ilmawan East Java, 65145”
Gary D. Bader “Molecular Genetics and Computer Science, The Canada 12 577 48
Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto”
Sean Ekins “Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (356). MEB, 1 USA 12 269 22
RWJ Place CN19”
Joseph F. John, Jr. “Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New USA 11 111 10
Brunswick, New Jersey”
Alexander R Pico “Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, USA 11 177 16
Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA”
Arunima Biswas “Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of India 10 89 9
Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher
Education, Manipal, Karnataka”
Page 15 of 28
Table 7. Continued
Name of author Organisations Country NP TC ACD

Firzan Nainu “Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia 10 237 24
Tamalanrea, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245”
Yee Wan Lee “Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Malaysia 9 102 11
Cyberjaya, Selangor, 63100”
David Moher “School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University Canada 9 180 20
of Ottawa, & Centre for Journalology, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario”
Yiwei Wang “Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of USA 9 366 41
Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721”
Helnida Anggun “Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 8 125 16
Maliga East Java”
Ali A. Rabaan “Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Saudi 7 208 30
Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran” Arabia
Alfonso J. “Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty Colombia 7 172 25
Rodriguez- of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de
Morales Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda”
Sweta Singh “Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India” India 7 90 13
Aaron Lun “Genentech, Inc: South San Francisco, CA” US 6 1052 175
Table 8. Most impactful authors in F1000Research journal (Data source: Scopus, Software: VOS-viewer &
MS-excel) h-index = metric used to quantify the scholarly output; g-index = a measure of researcher-specific
impact; m-index = The h-index divided by the active number of years by the author; TC = Total citations; TN =
Total number of publications; PY-start = Publication starting the year.
Rank Name of author h-index g-index m-index TC NP PY-start

1 Gary D. Bader 9 12 0.9 577 12 2014
2 Sean Ekins 9 12 0.9 269 12 2014
3 Jürgen Bajorath 8 14 0.667 222 19 2012
4 Jonny Karunia Fajar 8 16 1.6 277 17 2019
5 Harapan Harapan 8 13 1.6 273 13 2019
6 Arunima Biswas 7 9 0.875 89 10 2016
7 Muhammad Ilmawan 7 13 1.75 246 13 2020
8 Jan G. Jakobsson 7 10 0.875 119 14 2016
9 Firzan Nainu 7 10 1.75 237 10 2020
10 Joseph F. John, Jr. 6 10 0.75 111 11 2016
11 Yee Wan Lee 6 9 0.6 102 9 2014
12 Aaron Lun 6 6 0.75 1052 6 2016
13 Helnida Anggun Maliga 6 8 2 125 8 2021
14 David Moher 6 9 0.857 180 9 2017
15 Alexander R Pico 6 11 0.6 177 11 2014
16 Ali A. Rabaan 6 7 1.5 208 7 2020
17 Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales 6 7 0.75 172 7 2016
18 Sweta Singh 6 7 0.545 90 7 2013
19 Yiwei Wang 6 9 0.6 366 9 2014
20 Ben Busby 5 7 0.625 65 17 2016
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Table 8 exhibits the top 20 most impactful authors based on the h-index given by Hirsch (2005). F1000Research journal is
one of the premium journals where 5290 authors have published their articles. However, only a few authors have more
than a five h-index. “Gary D. Bader” and “Sean Ekins” have the maximum h-index of nine amongst the authors,
12 g-index, 12 publications and 577 and 269 citations, although the first publication came in 2014. “Jürgen Bajorath,”
ranked number three in the list, has eight h-index, 19 publications, and has been active in publishing since 2012.
Identifying the most prolific authors and their research articles can help future researchers extend their research
recommendations, understand their research area, and identify the research gaps, which can help conceptualise the
future research problem.
Bibliographic coupling of authors, countries, and organisations

Bibliographic coupling occurs when two papers cite a third common paper. The two papers address a common subject
matter (Martyn, 1964). In the present study, the bibliographic links between authors, countries and organisations through
overlay visualisation are shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, and Figure 9. While examining the bibliographic coupling of
authors, the minimum number of documents of an author was restricted to 100. 5290 authors appeared, but only 225 met
the desired threshold. However, the largest set of only 71 items connected items were found. Figure 7 depicts the
bibliographic coupling between the authors at the various stages of a research journey. Author’s node marked in yellow
highlights the youngest/recent (2021) coupling, whereas the authors in purple depicted the oldest (2016) coupling.
Figure 8 shows the bibliographic coupling (overlay visualisation) of countries. During the VOS-viewer bibliometric
analysis, countries that published at least five documents were considered for final analysis. Only 89 countries met the
desired threshold values out of 164 countries. However, the largest set of connected items was only 88. The United States
was found as the most significant contributor in terms of publications as well as citations. They have been involved in
publishing papers marked in purple for a long time. In contrast, Asian countries like Indonesia, United Arab Emirates and
Qatar are new in bibliographic coupling (marked in yellow).
Figure 9 shows a bibliographic coupling (overlay visualisation) of the organisation. While performing the analysis using
VOS-viewer, an organisation published at least four documents that were considered for the final analysis. Out of 14646
organisations, only 83 met the desired threshold criteria, but only 57 organisations had the largest set of connected items.
Organisations marked in yellow are the youngest, and those marked in purple are the oldest in the F1000Research journal.
Emerging themes and trending topics

Keywords that appeared during the analysis in VOS-viewer software or Biblioshiny (R-studio) were visualised through
theme generation. In the present study, Biblioshiny (R-studio) software was used to understand the various themes (niche
theme, motor theme, basic theme and emerging or declining theme), which have been divided into four quadrants (Q1,
Q2, Q3, and Q4) (Cobo et al., 2011), identified based on centrality (X-axis) and density (Y-axis). The degree to which a
Figure 7. Bibliographic coupling between the authors (Overlay visualisation) (Data source: Scopus, Software:
VOS-viewer).
Page 17 of 28
Figure 8. Bibliographic coupling between the countries (Overlay visualisation) (Data source: Scopus, Soft-
ware: VOS-viewer).
Figure 9. Bibliographic coupling between the organisations (Overlay visualisation) (Data source: Scopus,
Software: VOS-viewer).
topic is connected to other topics and, in turn, significant in a particular domain is measured by centrality, which assesses
the level of inter-cluster relationships. The density, conversely, gauges the degree of intra-cluster cohesion, or more
specifically, how closely related the keywords in a given cluster are to one another and how strongly a theme is established
(Forliano et al., 2021). In Figure 10, the upper left (high density and low centrality) includes niche research themes
containing the keywords “open science,” “treatment,” “inflammation,” and “diagnosis.” Niche themes suggest it is
internally well developed but unable to influence others due to low centrality. Motor themes appeared in the upper right
quadrant (high in density and centrality) and included the keywords “bioinformatics,” “genomics,” and “RNA-seq.”
Page 18 of 28
Figure 10. Emerging theme identification (Data source: Scopus, Software: Biblioshiny – R Studio).
It suggests that themes are well-developed and highly influence the researcher. Basic themes appeared in the lower right
quadrant (high in centrality and low in density), showing the themes are extending or lying across for discipline and
can influence the other researcher/topics but are underdeveloped. Emerging or declining themes appeared in the bottom
left quadrant (low centrality and density), which is neither well developed nor influenced by the researcher. Keywords
that appeared here are “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” and “Children” are a matter of great concern in the present
scenario. Based on the thematic map analysis, it can be concluded that the keywords that appeared in niche themes are
well-developed and highly influenced by the researchers. In contrast, future researchers need more focus on emerging or
declining themes to develop a concrete plan to fight against these widespread (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and children)
keywords.
The present study visualises trending topics through Biblioshiny (R-studio), shown in Figure 11. Bubbles of the smallest
size have shown a minimum of 50, middle 100, and biggest 150 appearances. Recently appeared topics (between 2021-
22) are awareness, attitude and COVID-19, although their bubble size is small (minimum <50 and >100 appearances).
Figure 11. Trending topics (Data source: Scopus, Software: Biblioshiny – R Studio).
Page 19 of 28
COVID-19 again appeared between 2020-21 with the biggest bubble (<150 appearances) along with “SARS-Cov-2”
(<100 appearances) and “systematic review” keywords. These topics emerged based on keywords in the author’s articles
published in the F1000Research journal journey since its inception.
Discussion: Direction for future research

Bibliometric analysis suggests that future researchers/scholars for developing advanced theories and scholarly practices
and utilising them for policy-making decisions (Mukherjee et al., 2022). Developing advanced approaches directly
relates to the keywords' co-occurrences, which appeared during the bibliometric analysis. The present study generated
seven clusters based on the keyword’s relevance and its TLS. In all seven clusters, majorly appeared keywords are
“Bioinformatics,” “Treatment,” “Children,” “COVID-19,” “Cancer,” “Inflammation,” and “Systematic review”, on
which researchers have worked recently. These areas can be further used to discuss the impact and applicability of
improving health and immunity to fight against various life-threatening diseases.
Bioinformatics (Cluster 1 – Red colour): As per the Oxford English Dictionary, “Bioinformatics” is a conceptualisation
of biology in molecular terms (physical chemistry), or it is a molecular information system of molecular biology. In
medical science, it has various aims, such as – allowing researchers to access the current information and submission new
information, developing tools which can be helpful in data analysis, and utilisation of the developed tools for data
interpretation in a meaningful (biological) manner (Luscombe et al., 2001). The machine learning algorithm can be used
to understand the term “Bioinformatics”, which can be helpful in education. Future studies can be done on software
designing and data sharing areas through visualisation and “R” to explore the new facts of “Bioinformatics”.
Treatment (Cluster 2 = Green colour): A healthy human being finds a physical change in the body, initially undetectable
and later become detectable by laboratory testing through clinical trials by physicians during diagnosis (Scheuermann
et al., 2009). There are various diseases caused due to infection, such as tuberculosis which can be deadly and epidemic if
not diagnosed at the initial stage (Ahmad & Mokaddas, 2010). Vaccination is one of the milestone achievements to solve
the problem permanently instead of going for treatment and remedy of diseases (Quilici et al., 2015). Future researchers
should focus on proper diagnosis, vaccine, and pathogen identification for curing diseases and developing antibiotics
through neuroimaging.
Children (cluster 3 = Blue colour): Worldwide, childhood obesity has increased significantly during the past few decades
(Han et al., 2010). Paediatricians should be worried about childhood obesity and act fast to adopt therapies because it
accounts for most adult obesity (Daniels et al., 2015). Children who are obese can develop type 2 diabetes, insulin
resistance, and psychosocial problems. Additionally, it has been associated with greater adult morbidity and mortality.
Obesity prevention is essential and can be effectively treated by food planning and increasing physical activity (Lifshitz,
2008). People in urban areas are more prone to asthma and obesity (Johnson et al., 2010). Asthma and hypertension are
also prevalent diseases nowadays; both can be seen together. Prior research has suggested that asthmatic patients are more
prone to hypertension than non-asthmatic patients (Lee et al., 2009). Further research is needed to understand the
relationship between children, asthma, obesity, hypertension, stroke, and environmental risk.
COVID-19 (cluster 4 = Yellow colour): The COVID-19 pandemic brought the world to its knees because of its
uniqueness and communicability. It has taken an important place in our daily routine. It became the most significant
concern for the nations and society, and countries like India and China ranked no.1 and 2 in population, were assumed as
the most affected countries by SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has highly impacted the heart surgeon clinical practice,
suggesting the medical team's preparedness to tackle the challenges exposed by SARS-CoV-2 (Pericàs et al., 2020).
Since the outbreak is not over, future researchers should evaluate and monitor everything carefully for a better
understanding of the epidemiological properties of COVID-19, which can help develop mechanisms to safeguard public
health.
Cancer (cluster 5 = Purple colour). Cancer is one of the fastest-growing diseases worldwide (Popat et al., 2013) in
various types, such as breast, blood, liver, lung, ovarian, prostate, etc. Underarm deodorant, specific chemical’s regular
and long-term use was found as one of the factors behind the development of breast cancer (under investigation) (Darbre,
2009). Gene mutation plays a crucial role in predisposition to breast cancer. However, understanding the genes pathways
can play a vital role in developing a preventive target to fight against breast cancer (Sheikh et al., 2015). Few studies
suggested immunotherapeutic strategies can help fight against the deadly breast cancer disease (Marra et al., 2019).
Various clinical trials are developing strategies to counter this growing concern; therefore, future researchers can focus on
gene mutation, immunotherapy, and reviewing cancer case reports to understand this deadly disease.
Page 20 of 28
Inflammation (cluster 6 = Cyan colour). Inflammation studies can play a crucial role in understanding the origin and
progression of the disease. A better understanding of the trigger mechanisms that cause inflammation is required to keep
enough control over the inflammatory cascade (Schmid-Schönbein, 2006). Mitochondria are found as the master
regulators and controllers of inflammation, but further research is needed to understand the mitochondrial functions as
a controlling organelle in inflammatory reactions in patients (Marchi et al., 2023). Future researchers can focus on
bioengineering analysis which can help open the door for inflammation treatment through new and improved interven-
tions (Schmid-Schönbein, 2006).
Systematic Review (cluster 7 = Orange colour). Most of the studies in the top-cited journals are either performed through
systematic review or meta-analysis approach; therefore, it is recommended that future research should focus more on
clinical trials or quantitative methods.
Conclusion
The present study attempts to present the publication journey of the F1000Research journal from its inception (2012) to
31st December 2022 through bibliometric analysis using VOS-viewer and Biblioshiny (R studio) interface. The
publication trends and journal citation analysis were understood and exhibited in Figure 1. The journal gained popularity
in 2015 and peaked in 2018 (published 915 articles).
The leading authors, leading organisations, highly cited documents, and leading countries’ contributions are also
presented. Future researchers can collaborate with leading authors, organisations, and countries to escalate the work
and extend their future recommendations in an unexplored area. Author keywords are presented through web map
analysis which can be helpful for the future researcher to explore the unknown or least explored areas in their study and
can be correlated with the theoretical concept. The prospective researcher can use the least explored keywords to
understand the area minutely and its relationship with future keywords and their impact.
This study has also explored the significant clusters (seven) based on keywords co-occurrence analysis. It has been found
that “COVID-19” has the maximum occurrences and highest TLS. “COVID-19” is a significant area of concern for the
entire world. Therefore, researchers worldwide focus more on its impact on human beings, treatment, and vaccine
development. Bioinformatics is one of the areas which is gaining popularity in the present context. Hence, future
researchers can contribute their work to understanding medical science through machine learning and software.
The present study would help future researchers to understand the emerging medical science domain. It will also help the
editors and journal to focus more on developing or emerging areas and to understand their importance towards society.
Countries which have not contributed even a single article to the F1000Research journals are also a matter of concern;
therefore, the editor and publisher must target those countries by providing some financial discount as the journal is on an
open-access platform. Future research needs to be planned in virus immunology, virology, and bioinformatics through a
clinical trial can be a milestone in medical science. Future researchers can contribute their quality research studies,
focusing on emerging themes. It has been observed that there are very few articles having an h-index of more than 5.
These authors’ research can guide future researchers to develop their research area around the most impacted articles.
They can collaborate with them to bring that emerging theme a way forward.
The present study has also encountered some limitations during the data extraction and analysis stage. VOS-viewer
software uses a fractional counting method, whereas the Scopus database generates metadata under a full counting
system.
Biblioshiny (R-studio) interface showed poor keywords details, a completely missing number of cited references, and a
completely missing Science Categories. Co-occurrence analysis between all keywords and index keywords could not be
performed due to poor keywords details.
Data availability
Figshare: Metadata extracted from the Scopus database, which is used to study the most impactful countries, authors,
organisations, keywords in F1000Research. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22713604 (Kumar, 2023).
Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0).
Page 21 of 28
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Page 23 of 28
Open Peer Review

Current Peer Review Status:
Version 2
Reviewer Report 12 June 2023
https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.150605.r177213
© 2023 Singh A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original work is properly cited.
Ajit Singh
Chandigarh University, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
No further comments to make.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
Reviewer Expertise: Sustainability, Augmented Reality, Tourism and Hospitality, Technology.
I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of
expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard.
Version 1
© 2023 Singh A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Ajit Singh
Chandigarh University, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
The research paper provides a comprehensive and well-structured analysis of the topic. The
abstract successfully captures the study's goals and methodologies. However, the key findings
may be added in the section. This addition would offer readers a glimpse into the primary insights,
thereby piquing their interest.
Page 24 of 28
The methodology employed in the study is rigorous and appropriate for the research objectives.
However, the analysis could be enhanced by incorporating a thematic evaluation of the keywords.
This could be done through Biblioshiny.
The findings of the research paper are supported by sound evidence and data, enhancing the
credibility of the study.
The paper adheres to ethical considerations and provides appropriate acknowledgments and
references.
I have suggested a few papers that explain the thematic evolution of topics or keywords1-3. You
can consider using them as references.
References
1. So K, Kim H, King C: The thematic evolution of customer engagement research: a comparative
systematic review and bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality
Management. 2021; 33 (10): 3585-3609 Publisher Full Text
2. Kim H, So K: Two decades of customer experience research in hospitality and tourism: A
bibliometric analysis and thematic content analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management
. 2022; 100. Publisher Full Text
3. López-Robles J, Cobo M, Gutiérrez-Salcedo M, Martínez-Sánchez M, et al.: 30th Anniversary of
Applied Intelligence: A combination of bibliometrics and thematic analysis using SciMAT. Applied
Intelligence. 2021; 51 (9): 6547-6568 Publisher Full Text
Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature?
Yes
Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound?

Yes
Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others?
Yes
If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate?

Yes
Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility?
Yes
Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results?

Yes
Reviewer Expertise: Sustainability, Augmented Reality, Tourism and Hospitality, Technology.
Page 25 of 28
© 2023 Kaurav R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Rahul Pratap Singh Kaurav

Fortune Institute of International Business, New Delhi, Delhi, India
Overall, the article "The journey of F1000Research since inception: through bibliometric analysis"
provides a valuable analysis of F1000Research as a journal and its contributions to the field. Here
is some feedback to further enhance the article:
1. Introduction: Consider providing a brief background on the significance of bibliometric
analysis and its relevance in understanding the growth and impact of academic journals.
This will help readers better understand the context and importance of the study.
2. Abstract: The abstract effectively summarizes the objectives and methods of the study.
However, it could be improved by briefly mentioning the key findings of the analysis. This
will provide a glimpse of the main insights to attract readers' interest.
3. Methods: Provide more details about the specific bibliometric analysis techniques and tools
used, such as VOS-viewer and Biblioshiny. This will help readers understand the
methodology employed and replicate the study if desired.
4. Results: While the article mentions various analyses conducted, it would be helpful to
provide a concise summary of the key findings under each analysis category. This will make
it easier for readers to grasp the main trends and insights without delving into the detailed
analysis.
5. Conclusion: The conclusion effectively highlights the potential implications of the study for
future researchers, editors, and the journal itself. However, consider expanding on the
practical implications and specific recommendations for researchers and editors based on
the findings. This will provide actionable insights for readers.
6. References: Ensure that the references are properly cited and formatted according to the
appropriate style guide (e.g., APA). This will enhance the credibility and professionalism of
the article.
Overall, the article provides a comprehensive analysis of F1000 Research and its journey since its
inception. By incorporating the suggested improvements, the article will become more engaging,
informative, and actionable for readers interested in bibliometric analysis.
I have suggested a few references to incorporate in the article. You may use them.
Page 26 of 28
○ This one paper will help in explaining the multidisciplinary of the journal: Kaurav & Gupta
(2022)1
○ These papers will help you verify and validate your paper's methodology section: Kaushal et
al., (2021)2, Baber et al., (2023)3, Kanta et al., (2021)4
References
1. Kaurav R, Gupta P: Trends in Multidiscipline Management Research: Past, Present and Future of
FIIB Business Review. FIIB Business Review. 2022; 11 (4): 382-404 Publisher Full Text
2. Kaushal N, Kaurav R, Sivathanu B, Kaushik N: Artificial intelligence and HRM: identifying future
research Agenda using systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. Management Review
Quarterly. 2023; 73 (2): 455-493 Publisher Full Text
3. Baber R, Upadhyay Y, Baber P, Kaurav R: Three Decades of Consumer Ethnocentrism Research:
A Bibliometric Analysis. Business Perspectives and Research. 2023; 11 (1): 137-158 Publisher Full Text
4. Kanta K, Kaurav R, Allam U, Srivalli P: WILDLIFE TOURISM: A SYNTHESIS OF PAST, PRESENT, AND
FUTURE RESEARCH AGENDA. ENLIGHTENING TOURISM. A PATHMAKING JOURNAL. 2021; 11 (2).
Publisher Full Text
Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature?
Yes
Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound?

Partly
Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others?
Yes
If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate?

Yes
Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility?
Yes
Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results?

Yes
Reviewer Expertise: Destination marketing, bibliometric analysis, and qualitative research.
Page 27 of 28
The benefits of publishing with F1000Research:
• Your article is published within days, with no editorial bias
• You can publish traditional articles, null/negative results, case reports, data notes and more
• The peer review process is transparent and collaborative
• Your article is indexed in PubMed after passing peer review
• Dedicated customer support at every stage
For pre-submission enquiries, contact [email protected]
Page 28 of 28

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F1000Research 2023, 12:516 Last updated: 12 JUN 2023

The journey of F1000Research since inception: through

v2 First published: 18 May 2023, 12:516 Open Peer Review

This article is included in the Manipal Academy

Corresponding author: Sandeep Srivastava ([email protected])

REVISED Amendments from Version 1

Organisations contributions (Documents & Citations)

Table 1. Procedure of data collection (step by step).

Organisation Documents Citations Citations/

Country’s production overtime

Country Documents Citations Total link strength

Most frequent keywords and their occurrence

Author keywords co-occurrence analysis

Figure 4. WordCloud of most frequent keywords (Software: Biblioshiny (R-studio)).

Rank Keyword Occurrences Total link strength

Keywords Occurrences Total link strength

Overlay visualisation of author keywords

Rank Document Author/s Citations

Most impactful authors

Name of author Organisations Country NP TC ACD

Name of author Organisations Country NP TC ACD

Rank Name of author h-index g-index m-index TC NP PY-start

Bibliographic coupling of authors, countries, and organisations

Emerging themes and trending topics

Discussion: Direction for future research

Open Peer Review

Reviewer Report 12 June 2023

No further comments to make.

Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

Reviewer Expertise: Sustainability, Augmented Reality, Tourism and Hospitality, Technology.

Reviewer Report 02 June 2023

Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound?

If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate?

Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results?

Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

Reviewer Expertise: Sustainability, Augmented Reality, Tourism and Hospitality, Technology.

Reviewer Report 01 June 2023

Rahul Pratap Singh Kaurav

Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound?

If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate?

Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results?

Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

Reviewer Expertise: Destination marketing, bibliometric analysis, and qualitative research.

The benefits of publishing with F1000Research:

• Your article is published within days, with no editorial bias

• The peer review process is transparent and collaborative

• Your article is indexed in PubMed after passing peer review

• Dedicated customer support at every stage

For pre-submission enquiries, contact [email protected]

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