Origin of The History of Communication
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INDEX
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................3
Goals.........................................................................................................................................................4
Origin of the history of communication............................................................................................5
Origin of language..................................................................................................................................7
Oral societies...........................................................................................................................................9
From oral communication to writing...............................................................................................10
Origin of writing....................................................................................................................................10
Birth of the alphabet............................................................................................................................11
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................12
Recommendation.................................................................................................................................13
Literature..................................................................................................................................................14
Introduction.
Communication is the process of transmitting and receiving ideas, information and
messages. Over the past 150 years, and especially in the last two decades, reducing
the time required to transmit information over distances and to access information has
been one of the essential challenges facing our society. Modern communication
between two people is the result of multiple methods of expression developed over
centuries. Gestures, language development and the need to carry out joint actions play
an important role here. Throughout history, the media have advanced in parallel with the
growing capacity of people to shape their physical world and with their increasing
degree of interdependence. The telecommunications and data transmission revolution
has pushed the world towards the concept of a “global village”.
In the following work, all aspects related to communication, origin of communication,
origin of language, oral societies that are currently developing, the transformation of oral
communication to writing, the origin of writing and the birth of the alphabet in humanity
are explained in detail and precisely.
Goals
to delve into the origin of communication and the origin of language.
acquire more knowledge about the oral societies that are developing today
understand the events that occurred through the transformation of oral
communication into writing.
investigate the origin of writing and the birth of the alphabet to broaden our
knowledge.
Origin of the history of communication
Communication has evolved and improved over time so that people can have the
information they need in a simple and easy way. To take stock of how it has developed
throughout history, a brief summary of the communication media used is presented
below. We begin with our ancestors, who only needed a grimace, a smile or the sound
of an animal to express their feelings or moods.
The Egyptians were the first to capture on stone or wall the activities they carried out
using figures called hieroglyphics to prevent them from being forgotten. They were the
first to introduce writing. The Romans used people to carry news from one place to
another, while the American Indians relied on bonfires to identify where they were or to
communicate with another village. The drum was also used for this purpose and even to
communicate with compatriots in case of war. Mirrors were also used to communicate
between people using this medium to reflect light and know the location of the
individual.
In the evolution of communication we also find the telegraph, which was a means of
remote communication in which messages were transmitted with a code called Morse
code. The first message started a new form of communication networks. The telegraph
was one of the best developments of that time, even though it underwent many changes
that, unlike the original, provided a better service. The case of carrier pigeons was used
to send messages from one city to another where the pigeon carried the letter tangled in
one of its legs.
Such was the evolution of the telegraph that it gave way to the telephone, which is still
one of the best tools of communication since it converts speech into an impulse that
travels along the telephone line until it reaches its destination where it is transformed
again. Radio is one of the communication systems that has developed in such a way
that they have created a very pleasant and creative medium within the community for
being one of the best, since through this medium many things can be expressed such
as art, news, among others.
Not satisfied with the appearance of the radio, they saw the need to create something called
TELEVISION that, in addition to allowing people to hear a sound, would
also allow them to project an image of an event that was occurring at that
moment instantly.
Television began in black and white, evolving years later to color
television. But not only has colour improved on television, but those tube
televisions have been left behind, giving way to 'flat' televisions such as
LCD or Plasma, the latter being discontinued due to their high level of
environmental pollution and high consumption, around 30% more than a
normal television.
As for computers, we can say that it started with large computers that took up huge rooms,
giving way to computers that only take up a minimal amount of space on our desks. Computers
have made it possible for most people to access the information they need via the Internet, that
is, they can receive, store and even send information.
On the other hand, we find the mobile phone. This machine has quickly become an essential
part of people's lives. We have gone from large phones that were only capable of making calls
and sending short messages to small phones that can send SMS, MMS, connect to the Internet,
videoconference, etc. These days we live immersed in the world of mobile telephony. Is there
anything else we need to know about mobile phones? What other functions can this small
device perform?
It has been seen that from the first men on earth until today we have always needed
communication, whether with a simple smile or with a message via SMS. Therefore we can say
that communication has been, is and will be the most important way of sending and receiving
information, regardless of the medium it comes from.
Origin of language
The origin of language is an object of study in different disciplines such as linguistics,
anthropology, psychology, and human genetics. The problem of the origin of language
refers to the acquisition of linguistic capacity in hominids that led to the evolution of
human language; with the current structure and form that different natural languages
present.
A different problem is the phylogenetic origin of human languages, this problem has
been addressed mainly within historical linguistics and the main hypotheses are
linguistic Monogenesis and polygenesis. According to the monogenetic hypothesis, all
human languages derive from an ancestral language that must have appeared before
the departure of Homo sapiens from Africa. The polygenetic hypothesis maintains that
although humans had the capacity for language, it appeared in different groups of
humans at roughly the same time.
Another controversy related to the monogenetic hypothesis is what we can know about
the structure of this language. The most extreme position postulates that it is possible to
reconstruct part of its vocabulary, and its adherents claim to reconstruct the
protosapiens language, although most linguists consider that it is not possible to
reconstruct it.
The origin is born in each nation in its own way, as its vocabulary is built and this -with
the passage of time- spreads.
The origin of different languages in the human species has been a topic debated by
various scholars throughout the centuries. In fact, in the 19th century the debate
became so bitter, persistent and repetitive that in 1866 the Linguistic Society of Paris
decided to ban the topic, arguing that all the theories on the subject were so
contradictory that an agreement could never be reached. Thus, the problem of the origin
of language was suspended for almost a century, only to be revived in the hope that
advances in genetics, evolutionary psychology, linguistics
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADsticaand anthropology would be
able to provide an answer. Although in the 19th century the discussions were merely
speculative, due to a lack of solid scientific evidence, advances in genetics, comparative
linguistics and other areas made the debate re-emerge in the 20th century on more
solid bases. Despite this, within the study of historical linguistics, there is no consensus
on the phylogenetic origin of languages and the antiquity of language families. The
methods of linguistic reconstruction based on the lexicon, the structure and current form
of the different languages, lose reliability as we try to reconstruct older stages and it is
estimated that for depths of more than 5 or 6 millennia, it is impossible to reconstruct
the essential features of a protolanguage.
One of the problems that makes the study of this topic difficult is the lack of direct
evidence. According to linguists, there may be about 4,000 or 5,000 languages in the
world, some databases such as Ethnologue group the existing linguistic varieties into
more than 6,500 languages (there are not always clear or defined criteria to decide
whether two varieties are dialects of the same language or different languages).
Linguists have always been intrigued by the fact that there are so many languages, and
so from the beginning of systematic scientific work they have tried to prove that related
languages were derived from ancient languages that had diversified. Thus, the more
than 5,000 languages can be grouped into just a few hundred families, among which a
few dozen families stand out, which group together the vast majority of the world's
languages.
Oral societies
Until the creation of writing, there was a need to store all kinds of information (stories,
names, myths...) in some way in collective and individual memory. To this end, linguistic
(ritual) maps were created, including:
The formulas: Brief oral introduction accompanied by music, from which an
extensive exposition of everything that is remembered is linked. It is used in learning
because it is an easy and simple formula.
Names of places and people: Proper names refer to names of different
channels and places, despite being limited, they are key to memorizing what exists in
the mentioned site.
Poetry: Historical, religious, mythological, etc. is usually musical, having very
defined rhythms.
The narratives: Historical, personal, introductions to larger stories but containing
a lot of historical information.
Legal or other repertoires: These are the rarest and scarcest, as they take up a
lot of memory.
These formulas were transmitted by word of mouth until the appearance of writing.
Within this group we can include the techniques of shamans who resorted to training to
memorize with resources related to auditory memory: rhythms, movements, sounds,
melodies, etc.
From oral communication to writing
There are currently two major theories that
attempt to explain how the transition from an
oral society to a written society occurred. The
first, called the Great Dividing Line Theory,
explains how oral societies define a different
and inferior mentality to societies in which
writing is the main form of communication. In
this way, they believe that with the invention of
writing, humanity has made a very important
qualitative leap, by providing us with
procedures that are capable of increasing our
cognitive capacities. Through writing our
thinking becomes more reflective, more abstract, more complex and structured, and
therefore writing creates a superior society. The second theory, known as the Continuity
Theory, denies the superiority of writing over oral communication and defends the idea
that both types of communication, oral and written, are equivalent linguistic media. In
essence, both derivatives of language have similar functions, however they can be
specialized and therefore there is no cognitive difference.
Origin of writing
The origin of writing did not occur synchronously in time. It was located between the
Neolithic revolution and the urban revolution, where we know of 5 civilizations in which
writing was developed:
Mesopotamia: 5000 years ago, cuneiform writing.
Egypt: 4500 years ago. Hieroglyphic writing.
The Indus River Valley: 4000 years ago. Hieroglyphic
writing.
Asia'http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Asia: 3000 years ago.
Ideographic writing.
Mesoamerican: 1500 years ago.
Before writing became widespread, in the late Paleolithic
period, man already used forms of pictographic communication, which have their origin
in gesture, that is, in mimicry and not in words. An example of these forms of graphic
communication are Gargas' hands. These drawings were symbols used for hunting and
are repeated in many caves in Europe. Another example of forms of communication
prior to writing are the bullae. Denise Schmandt-Besserat studied pottery and found
small balls with incisions on the outside and which hid a whole class of ideographic
objects inside. The http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bullaebullae functioned as an
accounting mechanism. They originated at the beginning of the change from a hunting
society to a farming society and the oldest ones are around 9,000 years old.
Birth of the alphabet
The alphabet is a set of signs that represent elementary sounds of spoken language.
They can be joined and combined to represent words articulated by the human mouth.
The hundreds of signs and symbols required to learn cuneiform and hieroglyphics were
replaced by 20 or 30 very easy-to-learn elementary signs. There are various theories
about its origin, but its development must have been influenced by cuneiform writing,
hieroglyphics and Cretan pictograms, present on the controversial Phaistos Disc. During
the 2nd millennium, the Phoenicians, great navigators and merchants, may have been
the architects of the alphabet.
Phaistos Album – Side B Phaistos Album – Side A
The history of the alphabet begins in Ancient Egypt, more than a millennium after the
history of writing began. The first formal alphabet emerged around 2000 BC. to
represent the language of Semitic workershttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitas in Egypt
(see Middle Bronze Age alphabets), and was developed from the alphabetic principles
contained in Egyptian hieroglyphs. Most of the world's current alphabets either descend
directly from this root, for example the Greek
andhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_griego Latin alphabets, or were inspired by its
design.
Conclusion
People spend a lot of their time communicating verbally. Also through body expressions
such as hand movements, the distances people keep between each other, etc. Our
basic objective in communication is to become effective agents, that is, to influence
others, the physical world around us and ourselves, in such a way that we can become
determining agents and feel capable, when necessary, of making decisions. In short, we
communicate to influence and to intentionally affect.
Without a doubt, language constitutes one of the most significant advances in the
evolution of man. It was and has been the most important tool in the communication
process. Its origin is a constant subject of study, since despite the fact that various
investigations have been carried out over time, all (or the vast majority) of them are
nothing more than speculation. It is difficult to establish with certainty when language
was born, what situations influenced its birth and how long ago it emerged. It has only
been possible to study the historical context in which it originated and what
consequences this new form of communication brought.
From the various points of view that I collected for this report, I concluded that the origin
of language will always be a myth, despite the various studies carried out regarding it.
Furthermore, I share the vision of that theory that explains that language and
communication arose from the mere need that man had to express his feelings, his
emotions. This communicative intention was certainly favored by the social context,
creating oral societies, the transformation of oral communication into written
communication, using graphics, and with it the birth of the alphabet.
Recommendation
To deepen the knowledge of the thought acquired since conception, to establish
the importance it has in the life of the human being.
Recognize the importance of language with respect to thought and when it may
or may not be indispensable for man.
formulate linguistic challenges to demonstrate the importance of language
Carry out intellectual exercises for groups of individuals of different ages,
Literature
https://mariafernándezuc3m.wordpress.com/2009/03/11/historia-y-evolucion-
de-la-comunicacion/
https://comunicacion.idoneos.com/historia_de_la_comunicacion/
https://es.scribd.com/document/341224643/Origenes-e-Historia-de-La-
Comunicacion
http://conocelahistoria.com/c-ciencias/historia-de-la-comunicacion/
http://tecnologiayenniferacostarobotica7b.blogspot.com/2010/09/sociedades-
orales.html
https://tareaescuela.wordpress.com/category/nacimiento-del-alfabeto/
Abstract Origin of the history of communication
Communication has evolved and improved over time so that people can have the
information they need in a simple and easy way. In the evolution of communication we also
find the telegraph, which was a means of remote communication in which messages were
transmitted with a code called Morse code. The first message started a new form of
communication networks. The telegraph was one of the best developments of that time,
even though it underwent many changes that, unlike the original, provided a better service.
The case of carrier pigeons was used to send messages from one city to another where the
pigeon carried the letter tangled in one of its legs. Such was the evolution of the telegraph
that it gave way to the telephone, which is still one of the best tools of communication since
it converts speech into an impulse that travels along the telephone line until it reaches its
destination, where it is transformed again. Radio is one of the communication systems that
has developed in such a way that they have created a very pleasant and creative medium
within the community for being one of the best, since through this medium many things can
be expressed such as art, news, among others.
Origin of language: The origin of language is an object of study of different
disciplines such as linguistics, anthropology, psychology, human genetics. The problem of
the origin of language refers to the acquisition of linguistic capacity in hominids that led to
the evolution of human language; with the current structure and form that different natural
languages present. A different problem is the phylogenetic origin of human languages, this
problem has been addressed mainly within historical linguistics and the main hypotheses
are linguistic monogenesis and polygenesis. According to the Monogenetic hypothesis, all
human languages derive from an ancestral language that must have appeared before the
departure of Homo sapiens from Africa. The polygenetic hypothesis maintains that although
humans had the capacity for language, it appeared in different groups of humans at roughly
the same time.
Oral societies: Until the creation of writing, there was a need to store all kinds of
information (stories, names, myths, etc.) in some way in collective and individual memory.
To this end, linguistic (ritual) maps were created, including:
The formulas: Brief oral introduction accompanied by music, from which an extensive
exposition of everything that is remembered is linked. It is used in learning because it is an
easy and simple formula. Names of places and people: Proper names refer to names of
different channels and places, despite being limited, they are key to memorizing what exists
in the mentioned site. Poetry: Historical, religious, mythological, etc. is usually musical,
having very defined rhythms. The narratives: Historical, personal, introductions to larger
stories but containing a lot of historical information. Legal or other repertoires: These are the
rarest and scarcest, as they take up a lot of memory. These formulas were transmitted by
word of mouth until the appearance of writing. Within this group we can include the
techniques of shamans who resorted to training to memorize with resources related to
auditory memory: rhythms, movements, sounds, melodies, etc.
From oral communication to writing: There are currently two major theories that
attempt to explain how the transition from an oral society to a written society occurred. The
first, called the Great Dividing Line Theory, explains how oral societies define a different
and inferior mentality to societies in which writing is the main form of communication. In this
way, they believe that, with the invention of writing, humanity has made a very important
qualitative leap, by providing us with procedures that are capable of increasing our cognitive
capacities. Through writing our thinking becomes more reflective, more abstract, more
complex and structured, and therefore writing creates a superior society. The second
theory, known as the Continuity Theory, denies the superiority of writing over oral
communication and defends the idea that both types of communication, oral and written, are
equivalent linguistic media. In essence, both derivatives of language have similar functions,
however, they can be specialized and therefore there is no cognitive difference.
Origin of writing: The origin of writing did not occur synchronously in time. It was
located between the Neolithic revolution and the urban revolution, where we know of 5
civilizations in which writing was developed:
Mesopotamia: 5000 years ago, cuneiform writing. Egypt: 4500 years ago.
Hieroglyphic writing. The Indus River Valley: 4000 years ago. Hieroglyphic writing.
Asia'http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Asia: 3000 years ago. Ideographic writing.
Mesoamerican: 1500 years ago. Before writing became widespread, in the late Paleolithic
period, man already used forms of pictographic communication, which have their origin in
gesture, that is, in mimicry and not in words. An example of these forms of graphic
communication are Gargas' hands. These drawings were symbols used for hunting and are
repeated in many caves in Europe. Another example of forms of communication prior to
writing are the bullae. Denise Schmandt-Besserat studied pottery and found small balls with
incisions on the outside and which hid a whole class of ideographic objects inside. The
http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bullaebullae functioned as an accounting mechanism. They
originated at the beginning of the change from a hunting society to a farming society and
the oldest ones are around 9,000 years old.
Birth of the alphabet: The alphabet is a set of signs that represent elementary
sounds of spoken language. They can be joined and combined to represent words
articulated by the human mouth. The hundreds of signs and symbols required to learn
cuneiform and hieroglyphics were replaced by 20 or 30 very easy-to-learn elementary
signs. The history of the alphabet begins in Ancient Egypt, more than a millennium after the
history of writing began. The first formal alphabet emerged around 2000 BC. to represent
the language of Semitic workershttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitas in Egypt (see Middle
Bronze Age alphabets), and was developed from the alphabetic principles contained in
Egyptian hieroglyphs. Most of the world's current alphabets either descend directly from this
root, for example the Greek andhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_griego Latin
alphabets,
questions
1. What was the means of long-distance communication that transmitted messages
with a code called Morse code?
2. What disciplines have as their object of study the origin of language?
3. Why were linguistic maps created?
4. Where was the origin of writing located and in how many civilizations was writing
developed?
