GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS

TECHNICAL CAMPUS
Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad-501506

DEPRATMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

Electronic Circuit Analysis

(22PC0EC13)
Handbook
II YEAR ECE II SEMESTER
VISION OF GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS

To be an internationally renowned institution in Engineering, Management, Pharmacy and related

fields to produce scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, leaders, academicians and thinkers of
tomorrow with exemplary professional conduct and adherence to ethical values to serve for
changing needs of industry and society.

MISSION OF THE INSTITUTION [GNITC]:

Mission-1 Imbibe soft skills, technical skills, creatively and passion in students.
Mission-2 Develop the faculty to reach the international standards
Maintain outcome-based student centric teaching learning with high academic
Mission-3 standards and quality that promotes the analytical thinking and independent
judgment.
Promote research, innovation, product development by collaborating with reputed
Mission-4 industries & reputed universities in India and abroad. Offer collaborative industry
programs in emerging areas and instil the spirit of enterprising.
Mission-5 To instil the ethical values in the faculty and students to serve the society

VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ECE

To be a premier Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the region by
providing high quality Education, Research and Employability.
MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT
M1 Nurture young individuals into knowledgeable, skilful, and ethical professionals in their
pursuit of Computer Science and Engineering.
M2 Transform the students through soft skills, excellent teaching learning process and
sustain high performance by innovations.
M3 Extensive MoUs with National & Foreign universities to enrich the knowledge of the
students & faculty and active participation in Research.
M4 Develop industry-interaction for innovations and product design & development to provide
to make the students as innovators, set up the start-up units and get good placements.
 PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ECE
PEO-1 Produce industry ready graduates having the ability to apply knowledge across the
disciplines and in emerging areas of Electronics and Communication Engineering for higher
studies, employability and handle the realistic problems.
PEO-2 Graduates shall have good communication skills, possess ethical conduct, sense of
responsibility to serve society and protect the environment.
PEO-3 Graduates shall have soft skills, managerial skills, leadership qualities, and understand
the need for lifelong learning for a successful professional career.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ECE

Engineering Graduates will be able to
PO-1 Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of Mathematics, Science, and
Engineering fundamentals and an Engineering specialization to the solution of complex
Engineering problems.
PO-2 Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate review research literature and analyse complex
Engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Engineering Sciences
PO-3 Design/Development of solutions: Design solutions for complex Engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and cultural, societal and
environmental considerations.
PO-4 Conduct Investigations of Complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data
and synthesis of information to provide valid conclusions.
PO-5 Modern tool Usage: Create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources and
modern Engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling to complex
Engineering activities with an understanding of limitations.
PO-6 The Engineer and Society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional Engineering practice.
PO-7 Environment and Sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional Engineering
solutions in Societal and environmental contexts and demonstrate the knowledge of and
need for sustainable development.
PO-8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the Engineering practice.
PO-9 Individual and Team work: Function effectively as an individual and as a member or
leader in diverse teams and in multidisciplinary settings.
 PO-10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give
and receive clear instructions.
PO-11 Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
Engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multi-disciplinary environments.
PO-12 Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadcast context of technological
change.

PROGRAM-SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOS)

PSO 1: Solve, Design and analyse circuits in the field of Communication Engineering.
Design and implement circuits in the field of Digital Signal Processing, Embedded
PSO 2:
Systems and Antenna using various modern software tools.

Mapping of PEOs and POs/PSOs

Course Program Outcomes PSOs

Outcomes PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO1 3 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

CO2 3 2 3 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

CO3 3 3 3 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

CO4 3 3 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

CO5 3 3 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
SUBJECT: ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

PROGRAMME: Electronics and

DEGREE: B. TECH
Communication Engineering
SEMESTER: II
COURSE: Electronic Circuit Analysis
CREDITS: 3
COURSE CODE: 22PC0EC13
COURSE TYPE: CORE
REGULATION: R22
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: CORE CONTACT HOURS: 5
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY): LAB COURSE NAME: Electronic Circuit
22PC0EC16 Analysis Laboratory
 GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS (A)
Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad-501506

II Year B. Tech. II-Sem

(Common for ECE)

ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS (22PC0EC13)

SYLLABUS

UNIT-I
Large signal Amplifiers: class A power Amplifier- series fed and transformer coupled,
conversion Efficiency, class B Power Amplifier- push pull and complimentary symmetry
configurations, Conversion Efficiency, Principle of operation of Class AB and Class -C and
D Amplifiers.

UNIT-II
Tuned Amplifiers: introduction, single Tuned Amplifiers - e-factor, frequency response,
Double Tuned Amplifiers - Q-factor, frequency response, concept of stagger tuning and
synchronous tuning

UNIT -III
Multivibrators: Analysis and Design of Bistable, Monostable, Astable Multivibrators and
Schmitt trigger using Transistors.

UNIT - IV
Time Base Generators: General features of a Time base signal, Methods of Generating
Time Base waveform, concepts of transistor Miller and Bootstrap Time Base Generator,
Methods of Linearity improvement.

UNIT - V
Synchronization and Frequency Division: Frequency division in sweep circuits, stability
of Relaxation devices, synchronization of a sweep circuit with symmetrical signals, sine
wave frequency division with a Sweep Circuit.
Sampling Gates: Basic operating principles of sampling Gates, unidirectional and Bi-
directional Sampling Gates, Four Diode Sampling Gate, Reduction of pedestal in Gate
Circuits.
 Subject ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS (22PC0EC13)
Faculty Mr. Srinivas Nanda
Text Books (to be acquired by the students)
Book 1 Jacob Millman, Christos C Halkias - Integrated Electronics, , McGraw Hill Education
J. Millman, H. Taub and Mothiki s. Prakash Rao – Pulse, Digital and Switching waveforms - 2'd
Book 2
Ed., TMH, 2008
Reference Books
Book 3 David A. Bell - Electronic Devices and Circuits, 5th Ed., Oxford

Book 4 Robert L. Boylestead, Louis Nashelsky - Electronic Devices and Circuits theory, 11th Ed.,
Pearson,2009
Book 5 Ronald J. Tocci - Fundamentals of Pulse and Digital Circuits, 3rd Ed., 2008
Book 6 David A. Bell - Pulse, Switching and Digital Circuits, 5th Ed., Oxford,2015.

Chapters No of
Unit Topic
Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Book 6 Classes

Large Signal Chap- Chap-

I Chap-9 Chap-19 11
Amplifiers 4,5 12

II Tuned Amplifiers Chap-9 Chap-12 10

Chap-
III Multivibrators Chap-9 10
10,11
Time Base Chap-
IV Chap-11 Chap-20 9
Generators 14,15
Synchronization
Chap-
V and Frequency Chap-4 10
17,19
Division
Contact classes for syllabus coverage 50
Special Descriptive tests: 05
Remedial Classes/NPETL Classes: 05 15
Tutorial Classes: 05

Total Classes 65
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:

Text Books
Jacob Millman, Christos C Halkias - Integrated Electronics, , McGraw Hill
Textbook-1 Education
J. Millman, H. Taub and Mothiki s. Prakash Rao – Pulse, Digital and Switching
Textbook-2 waveforms - 2'd Ed., TMH, 2008
Reference Books
Ref.1 David A. Bell - Electronic Devices and Circuits, 5th Ed., Oxford
Robert L. Boylestead, Louis Nashelsky - Electronic Devices and Circuits theory, 11th
Ref.2 Ed., Pearson,2009
Ref.3 Ronald J. Tocci - Fundamentals of Pulse and Digital Circuits, 3rd Ed., 2008
Ref.4 David A. Bell - Pulse, Switching and Digital Circuits, 5th Ed., Oxford,2015.

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:

COURSE CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM

Concepts of single stage
22PCOEC04 Analog Circuits I & II
amplifiers.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
Upon completing this course, student will be able to
1. Learn the concepts of Power Amplifiers.
2. Understand tuned amplifier circuits.
3. Understand various multivibrators using transistors and sweep circuits.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon completing this course, student will be able to
1. Design power amplifiers
2. Design tuned amplifiers and analyse their frequency response
3. Design Multivibrators and sweep circuits for various applications
4. Utilize the concepts of synchronization, frequency division and sampling gates.
 MAPPING OF COs and POs:

CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 3 3 1 - 3 2 - - - - 1
CO2 3 3 3 1 - 2 2 - - - - 1
CO3 3 3 3 1 - 2 2 - - - - 1
CO4 3 3 3 1 - 3 2 - - - - 1
CO5 3 3 3 3 - 2 2 - - - - -
AVG. 3 3 3 1 - 2.4 2 - - - - 1

GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS – TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:

PROPOSED
S.NO DESCRIPTION
ACTION(S)
To be taught by
1 Introduction to advanced (Class E, F, G & H) power amplifiers lecture in the
cycle

TOPIC(S) BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:

1 Multivibrators using 555 timers

2 Multivibrators using Op-amp

WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:

Circuit Analysis for Analog Designers
1 https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc24_ee14/preview

Basic Electronics, IIT Guwahati

2 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117103063

DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:

CHALK & TALK STUDENT ASSIGNMENT WEB RESOURCES

PPT STUDENT SEMINARS ADD-ON COURSES

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT

ASSIGNMENTS STUD. SEMINARS TESTS/MODEL UNIV.

EXAMS EXAMINATION
STUD. LAB STUD. VIVA MINI/MAJOR CERTIFICATIONS
PRACTICES PROJECTS
ADD-ON OTHERS
COURSES

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT

ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY

(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE) (TWICE)

ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR
OTHERS
PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS
 Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus (Autonomous)
School of Engineering & Technology

Lecture Plan with Blooms Taxonomy

Name of the Subject: Electronic Circuit Analysis (ECA)

Subject Code: 22PC0EC13 BTL- Blooms Taxonomy Level
Level 1 - Remembering
Level 2 - Understanding
Level 3 - Applying
Level 4 - Analyzing
Level 5 - Evaluating
Level 6 - Creating

Teaching -
Date
Cumulative Time Topics BTL Learning
Periods (Min) Taught
Method
UNIT-I (Large signal Amplifiers)
Discuss about Course Objective and Course
1 50 1 Chalk Talk/PPT
Outcomes

2 50 Introduction to the course 1 Chalk Talk/PPT

3 50 Class-A power Amplifier- series fed 2 Chalk Talk/PPT

Conversion efficiency of Series fed- Class-A Chalk Talk/PPT

4 50 3
Power Amplifier
Transformer coupled Class-A power
5 50 2 Chalk Talk/PPT
Amplifier
Conversion efficiency of Transformer 3
6 50 Chalk Talk/PPT
coupled Class-A Power Amplifier

7 50 Push-PulI Class B Power Amplifier 2 Chalk Talk/PPT

8 50 Class-B Complimentary Symmetry Amplifier 2 Chalk Talk/PPT

9 50 Conversion Efficiency of Class B Amplifier 3 Chalk Talk/PPT

10 50 Principle of operation of Class AB 2 Chalk Talk/PPT

11 50 Principle of operation of Class C and D 2 Chalk Talk/PPT

Amplifiers
Practice/ Video
12 50 Remedial Class/NPETL Class 1
Lecture
13 50 Special Descriptive Test-1
UNIT-II
14 50 Introduction to Single Tuned Amplifiers 2 Chalk Talk/PPT
Q-factor, frequency response of single Tuned
15 50 3 Chalk Talk/PPT
Amplifiers
16 50 Double Tuned Amplifiers 2 Chalk Talk/PPT
Q-factor, frequency response of double
17 50 3 Chalk Talk/PPT
Tuned Amplifiers
Comparison of Single and double tuned
18 50 2 Chalk Talk/PPT
Amplifiers

19 50 Example problems on Single tuned circuits 3 Chalk Talk/PPT

20 50 Example problems on Double tuned circuits 3 Chalk Talk/PPT

21 50 Stagger tuned amplifiers 2 Chalk Talk/PPT

Q-factor, frequency response of Stagger
22 50 3 Chalk Talk/PPT
tuned Amplifiers
23 50 Synchronous tuning 2 Chalk Talk/PPT
Practice/ Video
24 50 Remedial Class/NPETL Class 1
Lecture
25 50 Special Descriptive Test-2
UNIT-III
26 50 Introduction to multivibrators 1 Chalk Talk/PPT

27 50 Analysis of Bistable multivibrators 2 Chalk Talk/PPT

28 50 Design of Bistable multivibrator 3 Chalk Talk/PPT

Applications of Bistable multivibrator and
29 50 2 Chalk Talk/PPT
introduction to Monostable multivibrators
Design and analysis of Monostable
30 50 3 Chalk Talk/PPT
Multivibrator
Comparison of Monostable and Bistable
31 50 multivibrators and applications of 2 Chalk Talk/PPT
Monostable multivibrator
Introduction to Astable multivibrator and
32 50 1 Chalk Talk/PPT
comparison of all three multivibrators
33 50 Design and analysis of Astable Multivibrator 3 Chalk Talk/PPT

34 50 Schmitt trigger- Design 3 Chalk Talk/PPT

Example problems on design of Bistable,
35 50 2 Practice
Monostable and Astable multivibrators
Remedial Class/NPETL Class 1 Practice/ Video
36 50
Lecture
37 50 Special Descriptive Test-3

UNIT-IV

38 50 Intro to time base generators 2 Chalk Talk/PPT

39 50 Features of time base generators 2 Chalk Talk/PPT

Methods of generating Time based
40 50 3 Chalk Talk/PPT
waveforms
41 50 BJT Miller circuit 2 Chalk Talk/PPT
Calculation of time period of output
42 50 3 Chalk Talk/PPT
waveform
43 50 Bootstrap Sweep Generator 2 Chalk Talk/PPT
Calculation of time period of output
44 50 3 Chalk Talk/PPT
waveform
45 50 Methods of improving Linearity 2 Chalk Talk/PPT

3 Chalk Talk/PPT/
46 50 Example problems on Time base generators
Video Lecture
Remedial Class/NPETL Class 1 Practice/ Video
47 50
Lecture

48 50 Special Descriptive Test-4

UNIT-V
49 50 Frequency division in sweep circuits 2 Chalk Talk/PPT

50 50 Stability of Relaxation devices 2 Chalk Talk/PPT

51 Synchronization of a sweep circuit with

50 2 Chalk Talk/PPT
symmetrical signals
52 Sine wave frequency division with a Sweep 2
50 Chalk Talk/PPT
Circuit
53 50 Basic operating principles of sampling Gates 1 Chalk Talk/PPT

54 50 Basic operating principles of sampling Gates 1 Chalk Talk/PPT

55 50 Unidirectional sampling Gates 3 Chalk Talk/PPT

56 50 Bi-directional sampling Gates 2 Chalk Talk/PPT

57 50 Four Diode Sampling Gate 3 Chalk Talk/PPT

58 50 Reduction of pedestal in Gate Circuits 2 Chalk Talk/PPT

1 Practice/ Video
59 50 Remedial Class/NPETL Class
Lecture
60 50 Special Descriptive Test-5
 Question Bank with Blooms Taxonomy Levels

Name of the Subject: Electronic Circuit Analysis (ECA)

Subject Code: 22PC0EC13 BTL- Blooms Taxonomy Level
Level 1 - Remembering
Level 2 - Understanding
Level 3 - Applying
Level 4 - Analyzing
Level 5 - Evaluating
Level 6 - Creating

UNIT-1 (Large signal Amplifiers)

S. No. Short Answer Questions BTL Level Marks
1 What is a power amplifier? 1 1M
2 List the different types of power amplifiers. 2 1M
How is Class A power amplifier defined based on its
3 2 1M
conduction angle?
4 Define efficiency of a power amplifier. 2 1M
5 What is cross over distortion? 1 1M
What are the advantages of transformer coupled
6 2 1M
Class- A amplifier?
7 Mention the applications of Class B power amplifier. 2 1M
8 What is Class- C operation? 2 1M
9 What are the advantages of Class-AB amplifiers? 2 1M
Calculate the efficiency of a class B amplifier for a
10 supply voltage of VCC = 24 V with peak output voltage 3 1M
of VL(p) = 22 V.
Long Answer Questions
With the help of a neat circuit diagram explain the
1 2 5M
working of a series fed class-A power amplifier.
Derive the expression for conversion efficiency of a
2 3 5M
series-fed Class-A power amplifier.
Prove that the maximum efficiency of class A
3 3 5M
transformer coupled amplifier is 50%
Calculate the efficiency of a transformer-coupled class
A amplifier for a supply of 12 V and outputs of:
4 a. V(p) = 12 V 3 5M
b. V(p) = 6 V
c. V(p) = 2 V
For a class B amplifier providing a 20-V peak signal to a
16 Ω load (speaker) and a power supply of VCC = 30 V,
5 3 5M
determine the input power, output power, and circuit
efficiency.
Draw the circuit of push pull class B amplifier coupled
6 2 5M
using transformers and explain the operation.
 List the differences between Push Pull &
7 2 5M
Complementary Symmetry circuits.
What is cross-over distortion how can it be overcome?
8 2 5M
Explain.
Explain the working of a complementary symmetry
9 class B amplifier with the help of a circuit diagram. 2 10M
Derive the expression for conversion efficiency
What is the improvement of Class AB amplifier over
10 2 5M
class-B amplifier? Explain with the help of a schematic.

UNIT-2 (Tuned Amplifiers)

S. No. Short Answer Questions BTL Level Marks
1 What are the applications of tuned amplifiers? 1 1M
2 What are the different types of tuned amplifiers? 1 1M
3 What is a tuned amplifier? 1 1M
The Q of a tuned amplifier is 60. If the resonant
4 frequency for the amplifier is 1200 kHz, find 3 1M
(i) bandwidth (ii) cut-off frequencies.
Define loose coupling and tight coupling in a single
5 2 1M
tuned amplifier.
6 Define bandwidth of a tuned amplifier. 2 1M
7 What are the advantages of a double tuned amplifier? 1 1M
It is desired to obtain a bandwidth of 200 kHz at an
operating frequency of 10 MHz using a double tuned
8 3 1M
circuit. What value of co-efficient of coupling should be
used?
A tuned amplifier is designed to have a resonant
9 frequency of 1000 kHz and a bandwidth of 40 kHz. What 3 1M
is the Q of this amplifier?
Mention the advantages and drawbacks of a stagger
10 2 1M
tuned amplifier.
Long Answer Questions
Draw and explain the frequency response of a tuned
1 2 5M
amplifier.
Draw and explain the working of a double tuned
2 2 5M
amplifier with the help of the frequency response
For the tuned amplifier shown in Figure, determine (i)
3 the resonant frequency (ii) the Q of tank circuit and (iii) 3
bandwidth of the amplifier.
 4 Explain the working of a stagger tuned amplifier. 2 5M
Write the differences between single, double and
5 2 5M
stagger tuned amplifiers.
6 Mention the applications of stagger tuned amplifier. 2 5M
How can the bandwidth of tuned amplifier be
7 3 5M
improved? Draw such a circuit and explain its working
i.What is co-efficient of coupling? Explain how it effects
the frequency response of a double tuned amplifier?
ii. It is desired to obtain a bandwidth of 200 kHz at an
8 3 5M
operating frequency of 10 MHz using a double tuned
circuit. What value of co-efficient of coupling should be
used?
Explain the working of a single tuned amplifier with the
9 2 5M
help of its frequency response.
10 Discuss the advantages of tuned amplifiers. 2 5M
Explain why tuned amplifiers are not used for low
11 2 5M
frequency applications.

UNIT-3 (Multivibrators)
S. No. Short Answer Questions BTL Level Marks
1 What is a multivibrator? 1 1M
2 What is an Astable Multivibrator? 1 1M
3 Mention the applications of Bistable Multivibrator. 2 1M
4 What are the different types of multivibrators? 1 1M
5 What do you mean by a quasi-stable state? 1 1M
What are commutating capacitors? Why are they
6 2 1M
required?
What do you mean by triggering? What are the different
7 1 1M
types of triggering?
8 Define UTP and LTP. 1 1M
What are the other names of a monostable
9 1 1M
multivibrator?
10 Mention the applications of a Schmitt Trigger circuit. 2 1M
11 Define resolving time, settling time and resolution time. 2
Long Answer Questions
 With the help of a neat circuit diagram and waveforms,
1 2 5M
explain the working of an astable multivibrator.
Derive the expression for gate width of a monostable
2 2 5M
multivibrator.
What are the advantages and drawbacks of direct
3 2
connected binary?
Design an astable multivibrator to generate a square
4 3 5M
wave of 1 kHz.
Derive the expression for frequency of oscillation of an
5 3 5M
astable multivibrator.
Design a bistable multivibrator to meet the following
6 specifications. Vcc=VBB=12V, IC(Sat)=6 mA, hFE(min)=25, 3 5M
maximum triggering frequency is 25 kHz
Explain the working of a monostable multivibrator as a
7 2 5M
voltage-to-time converter with necessary equations.
What is a Schmitt trigger? With the help of a neat circuit
8 diagram and waveforms, explain the working of a 2 5M
Schmitt trigger.
Show that an astable multivibrator can be used as a
9 2 5M
voltage to frequency converter.
With the help of a neat circuit diagram, explain the
10 2 5M
working of a fixed bias binary.
Calculate the stable state voltages and currents for the
self-biased binary using p-n-p germanium transistors
11 3 5M
with Vcc =-20 V, RC1=RC2=5 kΩ, R1= 25 kΩ, R2 =15 kΩ,
RE= 1 kΩ.
UNIT-4 (Time Base Generators)
S. No. Short Answer Questions BTL Level Marks
1 Name the different types of time-base generators 2 1M
2 What are the applications of time-base generators? 1 1M
3 Define sweep time and restoration time. 2 1M
4 Give any two methods of generation of sweep signals. 1 1M
What is the advantage of the miller integrator over the
5 1 1M
bootstrap circuit?
Write the expressions for es, ed and et for an exponential
6 2 1M
sweep circuit.
7 Define slope error and displacement error. 2 1M
Define transmission error. What is the relation between
8 2 1M
es, ed and et for an exponential sweep?
List any two differences between miller and bootstrap
9 1M
circuits.
The slope error of a bootstrap circuit is 0.0123 what will
10 1M
be the displacement and transmission errors?
Long Answer Questions
 What is a time base generator? What are the different
1 types of sweep generators? Mention the applications of 2 5M
sweep generators.
Explain the working of a transistor Miller time-base
2 2 5M
generator with the help of a circuit diagram.
Discuss the different methods of generating time-base
3 2 5M
waveforms.
Derive expressions for slope error (es) and
4 3 5M
displacement error (ed) of a capacitor sweep circuit.
Define transmission error(et) and derive expression for
5 transmission error of a sweep circuit. Show that et 3 5M
=es/2.
With the help of neat circuit diagram and necessary
6 waveforms, explain the working of a transistor 2 5M
bootstrap time-base generator.
Explain the basic principles of the Miller and bootstrap
7 2 5M
time-base generators.
With the help of neat circuit diagram and waveforms,
8 explain the working of a simple transistor current time- 2 5M
based generator.
List the differences between Miller and Bootstrap
9 3 5M
sweep generators.
10 How are linearly varying current waveforms generated? 2 5M

UNIT-5 (Synchronization and Frequency Division and Sampling Gates)

S. No. Short Answer Questions BTL Level Marks
1 What do you mean by synchronization? 1 1M
2 Name the different types of synchronization. 2 1M
3 What is a relaxation circuit? 1 1M
4 Why does phase delay occur? 2 1M
Name some negative resistance devices used as
5 2 1M
relaxation oscillators.
6 Define a sampling gate. 2 1M
7 How are sampling gates different from logic gates? 2 1M
8 Mention the applications of sampling gates. 2 1M
9 What are the drawbacks of two-diode gates. 1 1M
10 What are the different types of sampling gates? 1 1M
Long Answer Questions
How does the synchronization signal affect the
1 2 5M
frequency of operation of the sweep generator?
Explain the synchronization of a sweep circuit with
2 2 5M
symmetrical signals.
With the help of a circuit diagram and waveforms,
3 2 5M
explain frequency division by an astable multivibrator.
 Explain sine wave frequency division with a sweep
4 2 5M
circuit.
Explain synchronization of sweep generator with pulse
5 2 5M
signals.
With the help of a neat diagram, explain the working of
6 2 5M
a bidirectional gates using transistors.
Derive expressions for gain, (Vc)min and (Vn)min of a two-
7 3 5M
diode sampling gate.
Explain the working of a four-diode sampling gate along
8 2 5M
with the circuit diagram.
Discuss how pedestal in a gating circuit can be
9 2 5M
supressed.
10 Explain the working of a unidirectional diode gate. 2 5M
 UNIT-I (Power Amplifiers)
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Power amplifiers are also called as____

a. Small signal Amplifiers c. Large Signal amplifiers
b. Voltage amplifiers d. Current amplifiers

2. Value of efficiency of a series fed Class-A amplifier is __

a. 10% c. 15%
b. 25% d. 100%

3. Power amplifier with the lowest power conversion efficiency is __

a. Class A c. Class B
b. Class C d. Class D

4. Efficiency of a Class-A amplifier can be increased by__

a. Direct coupling of load c. Increasing input
b. Coupling load through transformer d. reducing DC voltage

5. Advantage of transformer coupled class A amplifier is__

a. Impedance matching c. decreased efficiency
b. Use of transformers d. decreased size

6. Value of efficiency of Class-B amplifier is___

a. 25% c. 78.5%
b. 50% d. 90%

7. In complementary symmetry amplifier___transistors are used

a. Two NPN c. two PNP
b. One diode and one transistor d. one NPN and one PNP

8. Value of efficiency of Class C amplifier is around__

a. 25% c. 50%
b. 78.5% d. 90%

9. Cross over distortion can be reduced using __ amplifier

a. Class AB c. Complementary symmetry
b. Class B amplifiers d. Push pull
10. __ amplifier works with pulse and digital signals
a. Class A c. Class D
b. Class C d. Class B

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Conduction angle of the transistor used in Class A amplifier is _00- 3600 (Full Cyle
of input)
2. Class B amplifier exhibits cross-over distortion.
3. Amplifier which uses one NPN and one one PNP transistor is called as
Complementary-Symmetry
4. Amplifier which conducts for more than half cycle but less than full cycle of input is
called Class AB
5. Class-A amplifier produce less distortion.
6. In a Class A amplifier, the operating point is located in the Active region of
operation.
7. Class C amplifier conducts for less than half cycle of the input signal.

8. Class C amplifiers find applications in tuned amplifiers

9. Efficiency of Class D amplifier lies between 90-95%

10. Number of transistors used in Class-AB amplifier are 2

UNIT-II (Tuned Amplifiers)

1. A tuned amplifier is generally operated in __________ operation

a. Class A c. Class B
b. Class C d. Class D

2. A tuned amplifier is used in __________ applications

a. Radio frequency c. Low frequency
b. Audio frequency d. Extremely low frequency

3. Tuned amplifiers use ____ types of loads

a. Resistive c. Inductive
b. Capacitive d. LC tank
4. Double tuned circuits are used in __________ stages of a radio receiver
a. Audio c. IF
b. Output d. Load

5. In parallel resonance, the circuit impedance is ______

a. C/LR c. R/LC
b. CR/L d. L/CR

6. The Q of a tuned circuit refers to the property of _____

a. Sensitivity c. fidelity
b. Selectivity d. capacitive property

7. The Q of a tuned amplifier is 50. If the resonant frequency for the amplifier is 1000
kHz, then bandwidth is _____
a. 10 kHz c. 40 kHz
b. 30 kHz d. 20 kHz

8. The Q of a tuned amplifier is generally _______

a. Less than 5 c. less than 10
b. More than 10 d. equal to 5

9. If the resistance of a tuned circuit is increased, the Q of the circuit___

a. Decreases c. increases
b. Remains the same d. becomes zero

10. When either L or C is increased, the resonant frequency of LC circuit ___

a. Decreases c. increases
b. Remains the same d. becomes zero

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. A class C amplifier always drives a resonant tank load.

2. Current amplification is achieved in parallel resonance.
3. For a tuned amplifier with bandwidth of 20 kHz and Q-factor of 50, the cut-off
frequencies are 1020 kHz and 980 kHz.
4. The single tuned amplifier cannot amplify at low bandwidths.
 2𝜋𝑓𝑟 𝐿
5. The Q of an LC circuit is given by 𝑅
1
6. Expression for coefficient of coupling of double tuned amplifier is 𝑘𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 =
√𝑄1 𝑄2
7. When the primary and secondary coils are very close together, they are said to have
tight coupling.
1
8. When the tuned circuit has a high Q, the parallel resonance occurs at 𝑓𝑟 = 2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
frequency.
9. The impedance of the parallel resonant circuit is very high at resonant frequency.
10. The parallel LC circuit offers a very high impedance and acts as an open circuit
when input signal frequency(fin) is equal to the resonating frequency (fr) i.e. (fin = fr).

UNIT-III (Multivibrators)

1. ___ are basically regenerative circuits comprising of two cross coupled active
devices.
a. Multivibrators c. Clippers
b. Clampers d. Oscillators

2. Which multivibrator is also called a flipflop?

a. Astable c. Monostable
b. Bistable d. both Astable and Monostable

3. The main feature of commutating capacitors is to reduce

a. Speed c. Transition time
b. Total time d. capacitance

4. The time required for recharging of capacitors after the transfer of conduction is
called____
a. Resolving time c. recharge time
b. Charge time d. Settling time

5. For hysteresis to exist in a Schmitt trigger, the loop gain must be

a. <1 c. >1
b. = 1 d. =0

6. Which multivibrator is used as an amplitude comparator?

a. Bistable c. Monostable
b. Astable d. Schmitt trigger
7. Monostable multivibrator generates ___ waveform
a. Pulse c. Triangular
b. Square d. Sine

8. Which multivibrator can be used as a voltage to frequency converter?

a. Bistable c. Monostable
b. Astable d. Schmitt trigger

9. Which multivibrator can be used a gating circuit?

a. Bistable c. Monostable
b. Astable d. Schmitt trigger

10. Schmitt trigger converts sine waveform into a ___ waveform

a. Pulse c. Square
b. Triangular d. sine

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Astable multivibrator is also called as free running oscillator.

2. Monostable multivibrator has one stable state and one quasi-stable state.
3. Commutating capacitors are also known as speed up or transpose capacitances.
4. The diodes used in a bistable multivibrator to maintain a constant output swing
are called as collector catching diodes.
5. A circuit which can oscillate at a number of frequencies is called a multivibrator.
6. A Bistable multivibrator is used as a memory element.
7. In monostable multivibrators the coupling elements are resistors and capacitors.
8. Capacitors are coupling elements in an astable multivibrator.
9. Monostable multivibrator is also known as one shot multivibrator.
10. Number of stable states in a bistable multivibrator is 2.

UNIT-IV (Time Base Generators)

1. One of the most important applications of a time-base generator is in

a. TVs c. Radar displays
b. CROs d. Time measurements
2. The ratio of difference in the slope at the beginning and end of sweep to the initial
value of slope is called__
a. Sweep speed error c. displacement error
b. Transmission error d. difference error

3. Sweep speed error is given by es =

a. Ts/RC c. RC/Ts
b. RCTs d. R/CTs

4. A circuit which generates non sinusoidal waveforms is called

a. Relaxation oscillator c. square wave generator
b. Non-sinusoidal oscillator d. LC oscillator
5. A ___ circuit converts a pulse input into a ramp.
a. Bootstrap c. Phantastron
b. Miller d. RLC

6. In a bootstrap sweep circuit, the amplifier gain A should be

a. Infinite c. finite
b. Unity d. zero

7. The slope error, displacement error and transmission error are related as
1 1 1 1
a. 𝑒𝑑 = 4 𝑒𝑠 = 8 𝑒𝑡 c. 𝑒𝑑 = 8 𝑒𝑠 = 4 𝑒𝑡
1 1 1 1
b. 𝑒𝑠 = 4 𝑒𝑡 = 8 𝑒𝑑 d. 𝑒𝑑 = 2 𝑒𝑡 = 6 𝑒𝑠

8. In a Miller circuit, the amplifier gain A should be

a. Infinite c. Finite
b. Unity d. zero

9. ___ circuit converts an input step voltage into a ramp.

a. Bootstrap c. Phantastron
b. Miller d. RLC

10. To produce a negative going ramp from a miller integrator the restoration time
should be__
a. 100 c. 10
b. 1 d. 0
 FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. The waveforms that increase linearly with time are known as sweep waveforms.
2. The ratio of the difference in the slope at the beginning and end of the sweep to the
initial value of the slope is called slope or sweep speed error.
3. A linearly varying current waveform can be generated by applying a constant voltage
across an inductor.
4. Current time base generator is a circuit that provides an output current waveform a
portion of which exhibits a linear variation with time.
5. Voltage time base generator is a circuit that provides an output voltage waveform a
portion of which exhibits a linear variation with time.
6. Linearly varying Currents are required for magnetic field deflection applications.
7. Sweep time is the time during which output increases linearly.
8. The time required by the sweep voltage to return to its initial value is known as
restoration time.
9. Miller integrator uses an operational integrator to convert step voltage into ramp
waveform.
10. Example of a current controlled negative resistance device is UJT.

UNIT-V (Synchronization & Frequency Division, Sampling Gates)

1. When generators with equal frequencies run in synchronism, the synchronization

is said to be on a ____
a. One-to-one basis c. equal basis
b. Any-to-one basis d. any-to-any basis

2. A divider circuit with a division factor n can be built by making __

a. T0 < nTp c. T0 = nTp
b. T0 > nTp d. T0≠ nTp
3. __ is a circuit in which timing interval is established through the gradual charging of
a capacitor.
a. Magnitude circuit c. Phase circuit
b. Relaxation circuit d. frequency circuit
4. The periodic variations in the phase delay due to extraneous signals is termed as___
a. Total phase delay c. phase jitter
b. Magnitude delay d. frequency delay

5. The delay between the input pulse to a divider and the output pulse is referred to as
a. Phase delay c. pulse delay
b. Phase jitter d. magnitude delay

6. Sampling gate which transmits signals of only one polarity are known as__
a. Bidirectional sampling gate c. unidirectional sampling gate
b. Logic gate d. AND gate

7. A sampling gate is also referred to as___

a. Transmission gate c. logic gate
b. Normal gate d. OR gate

8. A sampling gate which can handle both positive and negative signals is called__
a. Unipolar gate c. unidirectional gate
b. Bipolar gate d. one polar gate

9. The advantage of bidirectional gate over unidirectional gate is

a. Linearity of operation c. efficiency
b. Non linearity d. cost

10. The output of a _ is an exact replica of the input signal during the selected interval
and is zero otherwise
a. Sampling gate c. logic gate
b. Basic gate d. all the above
 FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Gating signal is an externally impressed signal to select the time interval for

transmission of a sampling gate.

2. Gain of a sampling gate is defined as the ratio of output voltage to the input voltage

during the transmission interval.

3. Simplicity is an advantage of a unidirectional diode gate.

4. Pedestal is the base voltage in the output on which input signal is superimposed.

5. Diode sampling gates have the advantage of linearity of operation.

6. Counting circuits are examples of synchronization with frequency division.

7. In synchronization with frequency division generators operate at different

frequencies but arrive at some reference point at the same time.

8. Phase delay is caused due to finite rise time of the input trigger pulse.

9. Blocking oscillators are examples of relaxation circuits.

10. Phase delay varies due to the variation in the device characteristics or supply

voltages.