Controlstmts
Controlstmts
Flow Chart:
If-else Statement
In some situations, you may have to execute statements based on true or false under certain
conditions, therefore; you use if-else statements. If the condition is true, then if block will be
executed otherwise the else block is executed.
Syntax of the if-else statement is as given below:
Flow Chart:
Nested if-else Statements
The nested if-else statements consist of another if or else. Therefore; if the condition of “if” is
true (i.e., an outer if) then outer if’s if block is executed which contains another if (that is
inner if) and if the condition of if block is true, statements under if block will be executed
else the statements of inner if’s “else” block will be executed.
If the outer “if” condition is not true then the outer if’s “else” block is executed which
consists of another if. The outer else’s inner if the condition is true then the statement under
outer else’s inner if is executed else the outer else’s else block is executed.
Syntax of the nested if-else statement is as given below:
Flow Chart:
do-while Loop
The do-while is also known as an exit loop because in the do-while loop, the statements will
be executed first and then the condition is checked.
If the condition of the while loop is true then the body of the loop will be executed again and
again until the condition is false. Once the condition is false, the control will transfer outside
the do-while loop and execute statements followed soon after the do-while loop.
The syntax of the do-while loop is as given below:
Flow Chart:
For Loop
The for loop is also known as a pre-test loop. From the following syntax, expression1 is an
initialization, expression2 is the conditional expression and expression3 is an updation. The
variables can be initialized in for the statement itself.
The syntax of the for loop is as given below:
for (initialization; condition; update) {
// Code block to be executed repeatedly as long as the condition is true
}
1. Initialization: This is where you initialize the loop control variable. This variable is
typically used to keep track of the current iteration of the loop.
2. Condition: This is the condition that is evaluated before each iteration of the loop. If
the condition is true, the loop continues; otherwise, it terminates.
3. Update: This is where you update the loop control variable. Typically, you increment
or decrement the variable to ensure progress toward the loop termination condition.
In the for loop, expression1 is used to initialize the variable, expression2 is evaluated and if
the condition is true, then the body of for loop will be executed and then the statements under
expression3 will be executed. This process is repeated as long as the for loop condition is
true, once the condition is false control will return to the statements following the for loop
and execute those statements.
Flow Chart:
1. What are control statements in C++?
Control statements are used to specify the flow of execution of a C++ program. They allow
the programmer to make decisions, repeat code, and jump to different parts of the program.
2. What are the different types of control statements in C++?
There are four main types of control statements in C++:
Conditional statements: These statements allow the programmer to make decisions
based on the value of a variable or expression. The most common conditional
statements in C++ are the if statement, the else statement, and the switch statement.
Loop statements: These statements allow the programmer to repeat a block of code
multiple number of time or until a certain condition is met. The most common loop
statements in C++ are the for loop, the while loop, and the do-while loop.
Jump statements: These statements allow the programmer to jump to a different part
of the program. The most common jump statement in C++ is the goto statement.
Labeled statements: These statements allow the programmer to give a name to a
specific point in the program. Labeled statements can be used with jump statements to
create more complex control flow structures.
3. What is the purpose of control statements in C++?
Control statements are essential for writing efficient and readable C++ programs. They allow
the programmer to control the flow of execution of the program, which is necessary for tasks
such as making decisions, repeating code, and jumping to different parts of the program.
4. How is the if statement different from the if-else statement?
The if statement only executes a block of code if a given condition is true. In contrast, the if-
else statement provides two blocks of code: one that executes if the condition is true and
another that executes if the condition is false.
5. Can I nest if statements inside each other?
Yes, you can nest if statements (or if-else statements) inside each other to create more
complex decision-making structures. This is often called "nested if."
6. What's the primary difference between while and do-while loops?
The main difference is in their evaluation of the loop's condition. A while loop evaluates the
condition before executing the loop body, whereas a do-while loop evaluates the condition
after the loop body has been executed, ensuring the loop body runs at least once.
7. When should I use the break and continue statements?
The break statement is used to exit from a loop or a switch statement prematurely. The
continue statement allows you to bypass the current iteration of a loop and proceed to the
next iteration, without exiting the loop entirely.