B. Sc.

5th Semester (Honours) Examination, 2025

Physics
Course ID: 52411 Course Code: SH/PHS/501/C-11
Quantum Mechanics and Applications
(CBCS Old & New)
Time: 1hour 15 Minutes FullMarks: 25
Thefigures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words
as far as practicable.

UNIT - I

1, Answer any five of the following questions: (1x5=5)

a) State the Born interpretation of wave function.
b) What conclusion would you draw if two quantum mechanical
operators commute?

c) Show that [2, Dy]=in

d) What is time evolution of the state vector Y(t)?
e) What is Hund's rule?

f) IfP satisfies the equation Py(x) = V(-x),then show that

has only two eigen values +l and -1.
-g) Define Stark effect.

/Turn Over]
 h) Ifa and W, are the wavefunctions of two fermions then of neutral nickel (Ni) atom splits into nine components. What is
write down their combined wavefunction. the angular momentum of a nickel atom in its ground state?
(2+1+2)
UNIT - II
UNIT - II
2. Answer any two of the following questions: (5 x 2= 10)
3. Answer any one of the following questions: (10 x 1 = 10)
a State the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
Calculate the zero point energy for harmonic oscillator using
position momentum uncertainty relation. 2+3 a) Write down the time dependent Schrodinger equation for Hydrogen
atom. Using the separation of variable, find the radial, zenith and
b) What is spin-orbit coupling? Explain the origin ofdoublet
azimuthal equation. Solve the azimuthal equation and explain the
structure for 2p->ls transition in the Hydrogen atom. (2+3)
origin of magnetic quantum number. What is space auantization?
t The ground state wave function for the Hydrogen atom is
(1+4+3+2)
1
Vr,0, ¢) = , Where a, is the Bohr radius. b) Define linear operator.

i) Calculate the probability of finding the electron within a sphere

Prove that, two eigenfunctions of a Hermitian operator having
centered at the nucleus of radius ro
different eigenvalues are orthogonal.
Find the eigenvalue and eigenfunction of the operator d/dx.
i) Find the expectation value of /2 (3+2) Point out the properties of quantum mechanical wave function.
1+3+4+2

d) How many lines of spots on the detecting screen will be

Droduced if Sten-Gerlach experiment is performed with an atom
of total angular momentum /? Why it is necessary to use beam of
neutral atoms and not ions? In Stern-Gerlach experiment, a beam
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B. Sc. 5th Semester (Honours) Examination, 2025
Physics
Course ID:52416 Course Code: SHPHS/S03/DSE-1
Classical Dynamics [DSE-T2|
(CBCS Old & New)
Time: 2 hours Full Marks: 40

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Candidates are required to give their answers in their
own words as far as practicable.

Answer all the questions.

UNIT -I

1. Answer any five of the following questions: (2 x 5 = 10)

a) Show that the angular momentum of a body under the

influence of a central force is constant of motion.

b) What is the advantage of the Lagrangian method over that of

Newton?

) Write down two characteristics of an ideal fluid.

d) Show that the relativistic expression for kinetic energy tends
to the classical one if y <<C

s) Masses mË and m, hang at the two ends of a string which

passes over a frictionless pulley. Find the Lagrangian of the
system when placed in a uniform gravitational field.
/Turn Over]
 d) Show that the total energy will remain constant for a particle
The potential of a system is given by V=k(x'- 2x' +I)
motion in a central force field.
where k>0. Find out the stable and unstable equilibrium points.
e) Derive Navier - Stokes equation for fluid.
g Set up the Lagrangian for one-dimensional harmonic
oscillator.
(0)What do you mean by stable and unstable equilibrium?
Clarify witha diagram. (i) Write down the difference between
b) What is the significance of Reynold's number in fluid streamline motion and turbulent motion of the fluid. (3+2)
dynamics?

UNIT -II UNIT-III

3. Answer any one of the following questions: (10 x 1 = 10)
2. Answer any four of the following questions: (5 x4 =20)
a Consider the Lagrangian L=m(2 +r92)-vr). In a) i) Describe how a charged particle in an extermal magnetic field
this Lagrangian, why is called cyclic co-ordinate? Show that the undergoes circular motion.
generalized momentum PÍ conjugate to 8 is a constant of motion. ii)Proof that kinetic energy remains constant when a charged particle
(2+3) moves in a uniform magnetic field.

b) Show that the effective potential V,() of aparticle in a ii)What do you mean by normal frequency, normal modes of
vibration, and normal coordinate? (S+2+3)
central force is given by the relation V,(r)= V(r)+ (5)

t Show that the rest mass of a particle of momentum p and b) i) Write down L-T equation for four-vector.
kinetic energy T is given by m, = p'c-T² if photonhave a speed ki Prove that four vector momentum is an invariant-quantities.
2Tc2
Siity Explained Minkowski space, invariant interval, space like, time
"in one frame, can they be found at rest in any other frame?
like, light like. (2+3+5)
Justify your answer. What are 'space-like' interval? 2+1+2

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B. Sc. Sth Semester (Honours) Examination, 2025
Physics
Course ID: 52417 Course Code: SH/PHS/504/DSE-2-T3
Nuclear and Particle Physics (DSE2-T3)
(CBCS Old & New)
Time: 2 hours Full Marks: 40

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Candidates are required to give their answers in their
Own words as far as practicable.

UNIT-I
1. Answer any fiveof the following questions: (2 x 5 = 10)
a) Why does the (B.EJA) drop from its average value both for
lighter as well as heavier nuclei?
b) Show that nuclear density is independent of the size of the
nucleus.

e) Two deuteron nuclei undergo nuclear fusion to produce a

helium nucleus. Calculate the energy released in Mev. Given
mass ofjH=2.014102 u, mass of
Hef= 4.002604 u, [ lu =931.5 Mev]
d) What is the minimum velocity of a charged particle so that it
will produce Cherenkov radiation while passing through a
dielectric medium of refractiveindex 1.5?

(Turn Over]
 e) A GM counter has a dead time of 400 us. What is the happen if the applied voltage is increased beyond the proportional
counting rate when the observed rate is 1000/minute? region? 2+2+1
) Why the radioactive decay is called statistical process?
eHow do the 'asymmetry and pairing energy' terms arise in the
g) Can a GM tube be used to detect y-rays? Explain. semi-empirical mass formula? What is the experimental evidence
k) What is the importance of photomultiplier tube in a
of pairing within the nucleus? (2+2) +1
scintillation counter?
What do you mean by the electrical quadrupole moment of
UNIT- II
atomic nuclei? What is its significance in nuclear physics? How
long do free neutron last? 2+2+1
2. Answer any four of the following questions: (5 x4 = 20)
a) What do you mean by the saturation of nuclear force? The UNIT - III
energy liberated in the alpha decay of ssRa?26 is 4.87 MeV. Find
3. Answer any one of the following questions: (10 x1= 10)
the energy of the alpha particle and recoil energy of the daughter
atom. What do you mean by mirror nuclei? 2+2+1
aWrite down the Bethe formula for the energy loss of aheavy
3) Show that for a fixed magnetic field, the kinetic energy of a charged particle due to ionization while passing through a matter.
particle in the cyclotron is proportional to the square of the orbit and explain each term therein. Using the conservation of lepton
radius. What are the limitations ofa fixed frequency cyclotron? number, find out the missing particles in the following muon
3+2
decay:
2What conservation laws were apparently being violated in the What is Cherenkov radiation Show that the necessary condition
observed continuous beta spectrum? How did it help Pauli in forCherenkov radiation is v > c/n, where v is the velocity of the
predicting the nature of a new particle? 2+3 particle, c is the velocity of light in free space and n is the
refractive index of the medium 2+3+2+1+2
d) Write down the working principle of an ionization chamber?
How can it be operated as a proportional counter? What will
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b) i) Why must the quarks in a hadron have different colours?
Would they have different colours if their spins were Oor I rather
than ½?

(ii)What are the constituents of primary cosmic rays? What is the

order of magnitude of the energy of a typical cosmic ray particle?
Discuss some observations which show that cosmic rays are of
extra-terrestrial origin.
(ii1) Why a neutral particle such as neutron possesses a finite
value of magnetic moment? (2+1)+ (1+1+3) +2-=10

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B. Sc. 5th Semester (Honours) Examination, 2025
Physics
Course ID: 52412 Course Code: SHPHS502/C-12
Solid State Physics
(CBCS Old & New)
Time: 1hour 15 Minutes Full Marks: 25

The figures in the margin indicatefull marks.

Candidates are required to give their answers in their
Own words as faras practicable.

UNIT - I

1. Answer any five of the following questions: (1 x5 = 5)

a) What do you mean by a symnmetry operation in

crystallography?
b) Why X-rays are used for crystal structure analysis?

c) What is piezoelectricity?
d) Distinguish between crystalline and amorphous solids with
suitable example
e) Will the Hall-Coefficient change its sign if one reverses the
direction of applied magnetic field? Justify your answer.
) Differentiate between conductors, semiconductors, and
insulators based on their band structure.

[Turn Over]
 g) Define atomic packing factor.
UNIT - III
h) Define polarization of a dielectric material.
3. Answer any one of the following questions: (10 x 1= 10)

UNIT- II
a) i) Discuss Krong-Penney model. Using this model show that the
2. Answer any two of the following questions: (5 x 2 = 10) energy spectrum of electron consists of a number of allowed
a) Explain polarisability of atoms. Derive the Clasusius Mossoti energy bands separated by forbidden regions.
equation between polarisability and dielectric constant of solid. (ii) What are acoustic and optical phonons? 2+6+2

1+4

b) Discuss on Bragg diffraction condition? Explain it in tems of b) What is Weiss molecular field? Starting from the basic
reciprocal lattice. 3+2 assumptions of Weiss molecular field theory and assuming the
c) Obtain the expressions of specific heat of solid according to relation M= NglHgB,(«) [where the symbols have their usual
Einstein's theory at high temperature and low temperature limits. meaning], derive the Curie Weiss law of ferrOmagnetism.
(ii) The Curie temperature of Iron is 1043 K and each iron atom
d) i) The perfect diamagnetism and zero resistivity of a has a magnetic moment of two Bohr magneton. Iron is a BCC
superconductor are the two mutually exclusive properties, - lattice with lattice parameter 0.286 nm. Given ug9.274] x|0*
Explain. J/T. Determine the saturation magnetisation, the Curie constant
(ii) What is Cooper pairing, and why it is important in and the Weiss constant. (2+4) + (2+1+1)
superconductivity? 3+2

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