RAYA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT
HISTORY MODEL EXIT EXAMINATIONS FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS OF 2024

NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 100 TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS

GENERAL DIRECTIONS
 THIS BOOKLET CONTAINS HISTORY EXAMINATION.
 IN THIS EXAMINATION, THERE ARE A TOTAL OF 100 MULTIPLE CHOICE
QUESTIONS.
 YOU ARE ALLOWED TO WORK ON THE EXAM FOR TWO HOURS.
1. Among the following the one is not periodization in history?
A. BCE
B. AD
C. BH
D. HA
2. __________ Historical source is the first-hand sources that have direct immediacy
with the original events in both time and space they described?
A. Primary source
B. Secondary source
C. Oral Source
D. All of the above.
3. __________ is the study and the writing of the history or history of the historical
writing and can be explained as the history of how history gets written?
A. Biography

B. Historiography

C. Hagiography

D. History

4. ___________ was immense to the beginning of the history as an academic field of

study.
A. Leopold Von Ranke

B. Herodotus

C. Sima Qin

D. Thucydides

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5. Among the following is not true about Ethiopian Historiography?
A. Chronicles produced an interesting historical account where the history of the
medieval Ethiopian period would not have been reconstructed.
B. The involvement of the foreign authors that the Ethiopian studies founded in
Europe in the seventeenth century by a German historian called Job Ludolf (1624-
1704).
C. During Italian aggression against Ethiopia (1935-41) was greatly decreased
the scope of foreign involvement in studying Ethiopian history.
D. Until 1960s, the study of the Ethiopian historiography has been criticized for its
focus on the northern centric than other part of Ethiopia due to uneven
distribution of sources.
6. The first chronicle documents were produced during the reign of ________?
A. Tewderos II
B. Amdetsion
C. Yohanns IV
D. Zerayaqob
7. Before you begin the process of doing research, which tasks comes first?
A. Make a list of key terms and ideas pertaining to your research question.
B. Think carefully about your research topic selection.
C. Beginning Research in the Library.
D. Searching both primary and secondary sources.
8. _____________research has its primary objective is the advancement of knowledge
and the theoretical understanding of the relations among variables.
A. Basic or Pure

B. Applied

C. Quantitative

D. None of the above.

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9. In historical research _______ approaches to be employed in conducting research?
A. Quantitative

B. Qualitative

C. Both A & B

D. None of the above

10. Among the following the one is not the process of Historical Research?
A. The establishment of the all-data
B. The identification and delineation of the problem.
C. The interpretation of the data

D. The collection of data.

11. Among the following are essential steps involved in conducting historical research.
A. Identify a topic/subject and define the problems/questions to be investigated.
B. Search for sources of data and evaluate the historical sources.
C. Analyze, synthesize and summarize interpreting the data /information.
D. All of the answer.
12. __________ Criticism of Data established the authenticity of the source of historical
data, the researcher focuses his/her attention on the accuracy and wroth of the
data contained in the document.
A. External
B. Internal
C . Oral
D. A&B
13. Pre-history differs from history because pre-history is
A. Before the development of art of writing
B. Before the collection of the secondary sources
C. After the beginning of the art of writing
D. After primary sources collected

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 14. One of the following of Monarchs who had three chroniclers for the first time was
A. Emperor Yohannies IV
B. Emperor Tedwodros I
C. Emperor Tekle-Giorgis
D. Empress Zewditu
15. From the human evolution deals with modifying and enhancing human behavior
without a change in human genetic composition is known as
A. Biological Evolution
B. Cultural Evolution
C. Animal Evolution
D. Physical
16. Which one of the following is INCORRECT about Neolithic Revolution?
A. The shift of economic formations from domestication of plants and animals to
foraging activities
B. Human developed sedentary way of life
C. The Gobodara rock shelter is one of the archaeological sites that provides an evidences of
Neolithic Revolution
D. All of the above
17. All of the following were the factors for the emergence of states in Ethiopia and the
Horn Except?
A. Domestication of plants and Animals
B. The expansion of commerce in the region
C. Mobile way of life
D. None of the above

18. Regarding to state formation in Ethiopia, the following is considered to be the earliest
recorded state in Ethiopia and the Horn.
A. Kush
B. Punt
C. Da’amat
D. Aksum
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19. Which of the following one is CORRECT about the state of Aksum?

A. It was mentioned for the first time in a document named Periplus of Erythrean
Sea
B. It was the first state, which started relations with the outside world
C. Absolute date for its formation is clearly described in the contemporary documents
D. It was founded during the reign of Queen of Sheba

20. The main outlet and inlet of trade during the Aksumite kingdom was______.
A. Adulis
B. Zeila
C. Berbera
D. Massa
21. Which one of the following was the earliest Muslim political entity of the central
eastern part of Ethiopia?
A. Sultanate of Shewa
B. Sultanate of Ifat
C. Sultanate of Fatagar
D. Sultanate of Adal
22. Which one of the following is achievement of the Zagwe period?
A. The development of Ge’ez language as a written language
B. The invention of the wheel technology
C. The development of written legal code
D. Construction of the monolithic rock hewn churches
23. Zagwe dynasty was collapsed because;
A. It was illegitimate to rule over Ethiopia

B. Its rulers assumed exercising politics as deserting God

C. The power struggle within the court weakened it
D. They rejected Aksumite culture and language and then, they faced opposition

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24. The main cause for the conflict between Muslim sultanates and Christian Highland
kingdom in the medieval period was
A. Religious difference and dominance
B. Safety and security of the king’s court
C. The need to control the territories along the trade route
D. The refusal of the Muslim traders to become agents of the king
25. Which one of the following is not a major factor for the Oromo Population
movement during the 16th century?
A. Intended to control the trade and trade routes of Zeila and Berbera
B. Population pressure and to get a grazing field for their cattle
C. Environmental factors and climate changes
D. the movement intended to get a conducive environment both for their cattle and
themselves
26. Which one of the following is not a major factor for the political transformation of
the Gibe Oromo states from the Gada system in to monarchical system of
governance during the early 19thcentury?
A. Their contact with the Omotic states which had experienced monarchical system
for a long period of time
B. The frequent wars gave rise to powerful individuals such as the Abba Dullas
who became influential leaders
C. The expansion of Oromo in to a wide area affected the system which worked
very well in small groups
D. Their contact with the neighboring Somali peoples which had experienced
monarchical system of governance for many years forced them to adopt
it
27. Why did king Susenyos officially embrace Catholicism in 1612 and made it official
religion in 1622?
A. In order to an end peasantry and noble oppositions
B. Because he had conflict with Orthodox Church
C. In order to gain military support from Portuguese to build royal power base

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 D. Because the remnant Portuguese soldiers refused to fight for Geladiwos and
ready to fight for Susynos against enemies
28. What was the reason behind formation of Sheikdoms in Western Border of the
Country?
A. Gold trade and Islam
B. foreign relation with Egypt
C. foreign relation with Sudan
D. Absence of foreign threat and long-distance trade
29. Why did Emir Nuri Mujahid buld Jegol Gimb?
A. To defend the Emirate from Christian highland kingdom
B. To defend the Emirate from Oromo
C. To speculate the Emirate from Somali
D. to convert the Emirate into Islam
30. Founder of Yejju or the warrasheh dynasty in 1786 was
A. Ali II
B. Ras Gugsa
C. Ras Yemam
D. Ali Gwangul
31. Among the following witnessed a series of measures taken by Lij Iyyasu's?
A. He guaranteeing of property and a more equitable system of asrat collections.
B. He put an end to the Quragna system.
C. He also tried to mitigate the abuses of the Lebashay.
D. All of the above.
32. The two semi-autonomous regions that became victims of Teferi’s centralization
policy were:

A. Gojjam and Jimma

B. Tigray and Shewa

C. Gonder and Wollo

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 D. Kaffa and Sidamo

33. The period of Diarchy was characterized by:

A. Internal struggle between Iyyasu and Teferi

B. Intensification of opposition of the Abun to the rule of Zewditu

C. A power struggle between conservative and modernized group

D. Religious controversy within Ethiopian Orthodox Church.

34. Which of the following was a great ideological boost to Italian colonial aspirations
A. The Anglo- Italian Agreement of 1925.
B. The advent of the fascists to power
C. The Great Depression
D. The formation Berlin Rome Axis
35. The inner patriots, resistance members engaged in underground supportive work behind the
enemy lines, mainly in the cities were called_______
A. Banda
B. B. Shiftas
C. Yewest Arbegnoch
D. Black Lion Organization
36. The two young Ethiopians who were the unsuccessful attempt on the life of Graziani were Called
_________and _______.
A. Abreham Deboch and Moges Asgedom.
B. Abera and Asfawson
C. Dejjach Balcha Safo and Abeba Aragy
D. Ras Emeru Hayla-Sellase and Ras Desta Damtew

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37. In 1948, the United Nations appointed a five men Commission to investigate the
Eritrean problems. Identify which country had pro-Ethiopian stand from the
following!
A. Burma
B. Guatemala
C. Norway
D. South Africa
38. Which one of the following statements is wrong regarding Ethio-American relation?
A. Sadat’s preference to Western policy caused the end of American Era
B. Students hated America’s influence over Ethiopian issues
C. the Americans considered Ethiopia more important than Egypt at the end of
their Era
D All of the above
39. Of the following, one f actor forced Emperor Haile Sellasie I to revise the 1931
constitution except
A. The short Italian occupation
B. Ethiopian membership to United Nation
C. Eritrean Federation in1952
D. To bring radical change in the country
40. During the last years of Emperor Haile regime, university teachers’ association asked
more radical questions except
A. The respect for civil liberties
B. The pardoning of former officials
C. Abolition of censorship and the public security department
D. All of the above
41. On the night of September 11, 1974, the documentary film of the famine of Wollo
shown to the people produced by
A. Jonathan Dimbleby
B. Richard Samuel
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 C. Thomas Jacson
D. David Andrson
42. In July 1974, the Derg obtained key concessions from the Emperor, Haile Selassie
except
A. The power to arrest military officers only
B. The right to arrest most regional governors
C. The right to arrest officials of the Imperial court
D. The right to arrest government officials at every level
43. Of the following, one was not true about the White Terror and White Terror.
A. White Terror was launched by Ethiopian People Revolutionary Party to kill
supporters and functionaries of the Derg
B. The Red Terror was a bloody campaign launched by the Derg against Ethiopian
People Revolutionary Party.
C. This period of blood-letting was restricted to Addis Ababa
D. Thousands of students, teachers, workers and ordinary people were imprisoned
without charge, tortured and executed.
44. The external factor contributed to the fall of Derg was
A. Opposition from western countries
B. The refusal of Soviet Union to send military weapons
C. The fall of Socialism
D. It’s bad external relation policy
45. Which of the following is false about Zamacha Qetaw (Operation Punish Him' of
Derg?
A. It brought devastating consequences to government forces
B. It delivered the entire Tegray region to the TPLF
C. It paved the way for the extension of TPLF military campaign further south.
D. Derg repulsed the threat of TPLF through this operation
46. Of the following, one was not demand of the Muslim communities during the last
period of Emperor Haile Sellasie period.
A. Muslim holidays be nationally celebrated
B. Cooperation of state and church
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 C. Muslim courts be recognized by law
D. All of the above

47. Of the following, one was not behind the initial establishment of TPLF in 1975
A. The sense of marginalization
B. The economic hardships - including recurrent famines
C. Sense of regionalism
D. Oppression of the central government
48. All of the following were main objective of Red Star Campaign of 1982 except
A. Rehabilitating the war-damaged economy of the region
B. Rooting out the forces of secession from Eritrea
C. Rooting out the forces of secession from Tigray
D. All of the above
49. What was the main aim of a modern tax system that was introduced in 1966?
A. To bring economic development
B. To change the life of peasants
C. To increase state revenue
D. To destroy the power of the landed nobility
50. A province that fiercely resisted the 1966 modern tax system was____
A. Tigray
B. Shewa
C. Gojjam
D. Bale
51. EPLF scored its most decisive victory in March 1988 in a place called
A. Massawa
B. Mabet
C. Asmara
D. Naqfa
52. The Nadaw division, which was defending the stronghold, had been thoroughly
demoralized after the summary execution of its commander called
A. General Tariku Ayne
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 B. Brigadier General Tafari Benti
C. Lt-General Arnan Andom
D. Atnafu Abate
53. The officer who appears to have played a central role in the formation of Derg was
A. Major Atnafu Abata
B. Major Tafara Takla-Ab
C. Mangestu Hayla-Maryam
D. Lt General Aman Mikael Andom
54. Of the following, one was not the initial aims that Derg had during its formation.
A. To study the grievances of various military units
B. Investigate abuses by senior officers and staff
C. To root out corruption in the military
D. To oppress the mass who oppose the imperial regime
55. Of the following, one was not the major reasons for widespread rebellion in the
armed forces of Ethiopia in early 1974.
A. Chronic deficiency of water and food supplies
B. The demand for the provision of pension allowance
C. Better uniform and the opening of a secondary school in the town
D. To bring change in the regime
56. All of the following were foreign policy of Derg Except
A. Peaceful coexistence
B. Peaceful resolution of conflicts
C. Alignment
D. D. Non-interference
57. Of the following, one was not the main difference between ELF and EPLF to form
unity against Derg?
A. TPLF argued for the extension of the principle of self-determination of
nationalities to Eritrea, while the EPLF insisted that the Eritrean struggle should
be seen as monolithic
B. TPLF took a more virulently anti-Soviet stands while EPLF was more
accommodating
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 C. TPLF, which preferred guerrilla tactics, was critical of what it considered to be
EPLF' s hasty transition to conventional warfare
D. Bringing the Derg regime to end
58. Which of the following is true about the independent forces in Eritrea during the
Derg regime?
A. There was bitter struggle for supremacy
B. There was unity among them
C. They were under one centralized command
D. They used to solve problems through reconciliation
59. Which one is true about the Nile Basin in general?
A. Ethiopia contributes the largest volume of the river
B. need water for development
C. Peoples of the river basin are less developed
D. All of the above
60. One is NOT a dam on the Nile River
A. Great Renaissance Dam
B. Rosaries
C. Nasser
D. Victoria
61. With regard to the hydro politics of the Nile the ineffectiveness of the International
Law for water and the agreements of Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) were
A. the firm stand of Egypt and her allies for water monopoly
B. the role of China
C. weakness of the Sudan
D. political instability in Egypt
62. ___________is the largest lake built in Egypt on the Nile in 1970 with the Cost of $1
billion and has reservoir capacity of 5.97 trillion cubic feet.
A. Rosaries
B. Nasser
C. Great Renaissance Dam
D. Alexandria
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63. What factors have made the conflict on water intense?
A. Population growth
B. Climate variability
C. The need to Development and Poverty
D. All of the above
64. Which of the following is false about “The Nile Basin Initiative of 2006/7”
A. It was a plan signed between the Nile riparian states, represented by their
ministers of water development, in Dare Selam (Tanzania)
B. It was only a talk to eliminate their common problems on the utilization of the
Nile waters.
C. It can be considered as a treaty or an agreement.
D. Its main aim was for general cooperation in the utilization of the Nile waters for
national development
65. The European power that played a leading role in the campaign to abolish the slave
trade was
A. A. France
B. Britain
C. Portugal
D. Spain
66. Which One of the following was NOT a consequence of the slave trade for Africans?
A. Undermined the morality and dignity of Africans
B. Expulsion from their territories
C. Broke and destroyed of family’s lineage
D. Economic progress and better life
67. Certain European travelers penetrated in to the heart of Africa as early as the 16 th
century -18th century in search of:
A. Iron and Copper

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B. Cotton and rubber
C. Slaves and gold
D. Land for settlement

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68. Which one of the following slave trade was started to be conducted following the
discovery of New World?
A. Local trade
B. Trans Saharan trade
C. Arab slave trade
D. Trans-Atlantic slave trade
69. European explorations of the African interior in the 19thc were:
A. Part of the hunt for slaves
B. Purely scientific in their objectives
C. Combined scientific and political aims
D. Aimless wanderings of adventure

70. Africa’s external trade until the second half of the nineteenth century was dominated by;

A. USA

B. France
C. Britain
D. Germany
71. The rulers of South Africa maintained political power by means of racist policy known
as__________.
A. Assimilation

B. Apartheid

C. Direct Rule

D. Association

72. Among these factors contributed for the rise of modern African nationalism Except?
A. First World War
B. Second World War
C. The role of Press
D. The role of African Elites.

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73. African national liberation struggle was created after 1945 because of_____?
A. The reorientation of the Pan African movement as a weapon for the anti-colonial
African struggle for independence.
B. The Creation of the United Nation Organization (UNO) in 1945 and the anti-colonial
world public opinion that appeared since then.
C. Creation of the socialist world of nations took a strong anti-colonial stand.
D. All of the above
74. Among the major problem or challenge which many newly independent states faced in
the 1960s and 1970s Except?
A. Many countries of post independent Africa suffered from these problems of
regionalism and separatism.
B. Border conflicts were common on these independent countries of Africa.
C. Adequate educational and health service on these African countries.
D. Corruption, Coup d’etats, especially by military, and Civil wars were common on
these independent African Countries.
75. Among the African countries which get its independency on the first and the last African
countries to gain its independency in 1957 and 1994 respectively was called?
A. Sudan and Kenya.
B. Ghana and South Africa
C. Somalia and Tunisia
D. Ethiopia and Senegal.
76. The first secretary general of the OAU was Called______?
A. Dialo Teli, of Guinean.
B. Haileselasie of Ethiopia
C. Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana
D. Mohammed Gadafi of Libya

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77. According to the Schlieffen plan, the military objective of German offensive in the First
World War was
A. To defeat first France on the western front before moving against Russia on the
eastern front
B. To defeat first Russia on the eastern front before opening war on France on the
western front
C. To defeat the British in the English Channel before moving towards Russia in the
eastern front
D. To fight against France, on the western front and Russia on the eastern front at the
sometimes
78. World War II in Europe contributed to the liberation of Ethiopia because it
A. Made France removes restrictions on Ethiopia’s import of firearms through Djibouti.
B. Led the American government to provide extensive military support to Ethiopia
C. Allowed Ethiopia to get the help of the British in its struggle against fascism
D. Forced the Italian government to withdraw its troops from Ethiopia to fight in Europe.
79. A major cause of the First World War was
A. The decline of imperialism
B. The existence of opposing Alliance
C. Increase in act of aggression by England
D. The spread of communism in Europe
80. Why was the League of Nations established at the end of World War I?
A. To resolve international disputes and avoid the outbreak of war
B. To allocate reparation money to the victorious nations in a fair fashion
C. To fight against the development of extreme ideologies like fascism
D. To spread the ideas of self-determination and gradual decolonization
81. The two countries that came out much stronger than they were before the Second World
War were

A. USA and Britain D. Britain and Italy

B. Britain and France
C. USA ad USSR

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82. Which countries formed the central powers in the First World War?
A. Britain, France and Russia
B. Britain, France and USA
C. Germany, Austria Hungry &Ottoman Turkey
D. Italy, Bulgaria& Japan
83. All of the following were the global developments that happened after the end of the
Second World War except
A. Cold war
B. Establishment of NATO
C. Foundation of the UNO
D. Establishment of the League of Nations
84. The Warsaw pact was founded I 1955 in repose to the
A. The start of communist revolution in Cuba
B. USA development of the hydrogen Bomb
C. UNO intervention in Korea
D. Formation of the NATO
85. The Cuban missile crisis was occurred in

A. 1945
B. 1952
C. 1962
D. 1990

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86. The second World War
A. Resulted in the emergence of two super powers
B. Undermined the political position of the colonial powers
C. Encouraged the liberation of colonial peoples
D. Was became a footing for the cold war
E. All of the above
87. During world war the first balance of power changed
A. when British involved in the war
B. When Italy shifted military alliance
C. When USSR joined the war with Allied powers
D. When USA declared war on German
88. The state that was a member of the council in the League of Nations and is the
member of the UN security council is
A. USA
B. Germany
C. Japan
D. France
89. The types of cultural heritage that can be seen and felt is known as ____.
A. Cultural movable heritage
B. Intangible movable
C. Tangible heritage resource
D. Intangible immovable resource

90. Among the following world heritage property which one is natural heritage of
Ethiopia?
A. Meskel celebration
B. Semen National Park
C. Jogol fortification
D. Aksum monument

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91. By what criteria Yayo forest is included by UNESCO in world heritage?
A. Its superlative beauty and aesthetic importance
B. Its significance in natural habitats for conservation of biodiversity
C. Its example for stages of the earth’s natural history
D. Its ongoing geological process

92. Why Aksum, Historical and Archaeological site was registered as UNESCO’s World Heritage
Site in Sep. 1980? Because;
A. It represents a master piece of human creative genius
B. It contains superlative natural phenomena
C. It has exceptional natural beauty
D. All of the above
93. How can you see the economic values of heritage?
A. it plays a role in preserving a country’s history
B. it influences the global environment through tourism
C. it often acts as custodian of other built heritage structure in the area
D. It is a useful source of information for the study and research
94. The preventive conservation process may include all except
A. Legislative protection and advocacy
B. Environmental monitoring and control
C. Carefully repairing of broken monuments
D. Collection of objects for public bodies
95. Off the following one is considered to be the main objective of Ethiopian Tourism
Commission?
A. To preserve and develop Ethiopia’s natural and cultural heritage
B. To expand and develop accommodation and recreational facilities
C. To develop and promote tourism at home and a broad
D. All of the above

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96. Which one of the following is the challenges of Tourism Management in Ethiopia except?
A. Lack of infrastructures
B. Good enough service facilities
C. Problems of securities
D. Lack of preservation and protection of heritages,
97. Which one of the following tourism potentials registered by UNESCO as world heritage
sites?
A. Tiya Megalith Stones
B. The rock-hewn churches of Lalibela
C. The relics and prints of Axumite civilization
D. None of the above
98. Which one of the following is Odd?
A. Fasil Gibbi
B. St. Marry of Zion
C. The inscription of king Ezana
D. The Mosque of Al-Nejash
99. Off the following one is positive economic impact of Tourism?
A. Improvement of economic quality of life through increasing of personal income
B. Undermining of local traditions and ways of life
C. Increasing price of goods and services
D. Enhancing the sense of identity of a community or region
100. Which one of the following are the methods should be taken to manage the negative
impacts of Tourism?
A. Economically, all communities in all levels should be benefited
B. The developer must have to consider the impact of tourism on the culture of the
host community
C. Community based tourism is the best approach to attain the benefit of the host
community in a particular destination.
D. All of the above

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