• :f=i Vi hht~ 0t·) ifif 16

e, F = 1.6 x 10- N i
field , E = 9 NI C 4. (b) Ele ctro n exp erie nce a forc
L (c) The magnitude of electric
us ing , F =q E
At distance, r = 4.0 m
F 1.6 X I0 '- i
16
I q E =- = - - - -
So, F=--x-- q - J.6 x l0 -
19
4rr s 0 (4) 2
q 3
I ... (i)
9=-- x - =-( I.O x l0 ~}
4rrF.0 16
sity,
for £ = 16 NI C, 5. (d) Given, surface charge den
12C I m 2
1 CJ =26 .4 X J0-
16 =--x .!L · ... (ii)
4rrso x2
E =~ 26.4x 10-1 2 = 3 N IC
Dividing Eqs. (i) and (ii) ,
2
So 8.85 X l0- l
I q· - 12 c 2 IN -m 2)
-- X -
2
(·: s 0 =-8.85 x 10
-2._ = 4rrs 0· . 4
k that, the
16 1 q ~ Common Sometime students thin ducting sheet
- - X --
41tS o ~2 )Il l Mistake electric field due to non-con ting sheet.
· is~ but it is alw ays ~ conduc
i:o

1:- :: ⇒ (¾)' =:: ⇒ ¾=~⇒ x=3m

2i:o

law,
6. (b) Ac~ording to Cou lom b's
nt, F12 =- F21
2. ( c) Giv en that, dip ole mo me
p =2 x 10-s C-m F = q1q z
2
4rrs 0r
Tor que , -r = 6 x 10- 1 N-m
For attraction, q 1q 2 < 0
'r max = pE =-
q 1 = + and q 2
- 'tma
__ x _ x1
_6_ _0-I
__ . -I
-3·',X 107 vill
E _
•. Thus,
p . 2X ] o-S \
\
by cha rge particl~ at a +.8q :_2q
-------- P-
•3. (d) Ele ctri c field pro duc ed '- 7.. (c) ~ - - -
.
--
x=L
x=O
distance of 3m ~ L --+ I It- d--+ !
I q a dis tan ce (L + d)
E=-- · - 2 Let pis the obs erv atio n poi nt at
4ns0 r from + 8'q' and at d from - 2q.
ty at P due to + Sq
1
E=--·-
q
. [ Her e, r=3 m] Then, E 1 =Ele ctri c field inte nsi
2
4ns,o _ 3 E2=·Electric field inte~sity at P due to - 2q
cha rge wh~re electric
Let x be the dist anc e from poi nt IEi l=I E2 I
field is E _ K(8 q) = K(2 q)
4 2 d2
(L+ d)
E q .. . (ii)
-=--·- 4 1-
4 4rrs 0 x
2
⇒ - - -2 - -2
(L+ d) d
Div idin g Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), 2
x2 ⇒ 4d = (L + d)2
4= -
32 2d= L +d ⇒ d= L
x= 2x 3= 6m :. Pis at x= L+ L= 2L
 10 - -- --- - Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : PHYSICS
7
8. (a) As we know , Force onq 0 due to q is
F = - l_ _Q1Q 2 p =K (q)(q o) , towa rds- X-ax is
2 ... (ii)
41t E o ,. 2 a2
Char ges placed in a medium, So, the resultant or net force on the char ge
at O is
F = - l__ Q,Q2
... (i) Fnet = ✓ Fi 2 + F z1 + 2F1 F2 cos 0
m 4m::ok ,.2
Forc e in the charges in the air is
Sjnce, F 1 = - =-
F~2_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -=
. F = lp2 +F 2 +2( -F )(F )cos90° = ✓2F
F . =_l__ Q1Q2 net 'V 2 2 2 2 2
air 41tE 2 .. .(ii) ✓2Kqqo
0 r
Thus , from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have a2

Fm =l_ 13. ( d) Given, charge, q = 1 C

Fair K Num ber of electrons gained,
⇒ Fair =K Fm =K F =5F n =5 xl.0
18

I 9. (b) From given figure,

A
: .Total char~e gained,
q' = ne = 5 x 10 18 x 16
. x 10-19
T =8 x 10- 1 =0.80 C
Since, electron is nega tivel y char ged, so_net

I
char ge on
L____.,____ _..,.___ the object ~ecomes
qE
B Tsin0 q net = q - q' = 1 - 0.8 = +020 C
mg 14. (a) An electric dipole plac ed in non- unifo
rm electric
Fe =mg x tan0 field experiences both torqu e and force.
qE = mg tan0 15. (d) A negative char ge in an elect ric field
mov es in the
direction opposite to the elect ric field as the
force
q=( 7}a ne acting on it is in oppo site direc tion to the field
. So, A
is false and R is also false.
tan0 = Fe 16. (b) Charge is always cons erve d but ener
mg gy is lost in
the form of heat.
Hence, the sign and magnitude of q po,sitive
with 17. (d) Gravitational force is the dom inati ng
magnitude (mg/E) tan 0. force in
· nature. It is the weakest force.
10. (c) Since Xis repelled by Y . So, objec
t Y is positively Also , Coul omb 's forc e>> grav itatio nal force
charged. As object Z is attra~ted to o\:>ject ~ . .
So, it 18. ( d) At the centre of the line joini ng two
must either be neutral or positively charged. equa l and
11 . (b) Since charge is quantis~d in a syste
.m, so total
*
opposite charge, E 0. F~r simi lar charge,
E =0.
charge = q1 + q2 + q 3 =+ 3 e + 5 e - 3 e =+ 5 19. (a) If a dipole {s enclo sed by a surfa ce
e as show n in
figure, then
Among given options, only option (b) gives
this value
i.e. +6e +6e -7e= +5e
Therefore , the possible values for the final charg Q} - - - - 0
e on -Q +Q
the spheres are +6e, +6e, - 7e.
12. (c) The force on charge q due to -q
O is Q enclosed =0
F
1
=K ( -q )( q O), towards + Y-axis ~ =0 (from Gauss' law)
a2 20. 4: I
" .' (i) 21. 90°
 -
Ele"bric Cha rges and Fields . 11
'
22. It is denoted by p. Its SI unit is coulomb-metre.
0

-:0-----------~--/ ---------0 ~q
2 --~
r++:--± --+ -+- .\-.- L+Q Uncharged
_:: _:: _:: IPl= qx2 /
t -Q conducting plate
tive
It is a vector quantity and its direction is from nega
Lines).
23. Refer to diagram on page 3 (Electric Field charge to positive charge.
field with
31 . The plot showing the variation of electric
Lines). show n as below
24. Refer to diagram on page 3 (Electric Field distance r due to a point charg e q is
not form c1osed 1oop
25. The electrostatic field
. . do
lines 5
h
because no e Iectn c field Imes exist insi·d e th e c arged 4.5
E = _1_ __3_
b0 dy. 4 41t€0 ,2
same t3.5
26. According to the question, both the balls have E 3
separated by ad ' t
. balls. are
charge q. Let the Is ance r 2.5
to Cou lomb 's law, if F and F' ar~
Hence, accordmg 2
in
the ~orce of attr~ction betw een balls in air and 1.5
ly. 1
medmm respective
1 q2
0.5
, __
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
5
Then, F=----
4m~0 r 2
een p and E
I q2 32. (i) For stable equilibrium, the angle betw
In medium, F' = - - - is 0° i.e. it should be place d para llel to electric
47tKs O r2
field. _ _ _ _ _ _,...E
__
F'= FIK
K > I for
where, K is dielectric cons tant of material and
ced, when a plast ic
insulators, hence the force is redu
-q p +q
sheet is inserted.
27. If electric field lines cros s each other,
then there
would be two tangents draw n at the poin t of een p and
(ii) For unstable equilibrium, the angle betw
of elect ric field
intersection and henc e two directions E is 180° i.e. it should be placed antiparallel to
of forces
at that poin t whic h is not poss ible. So, lines electric field.
never cross each other. "'
----------E
ys ;~m The
28. As, electric field in~ide a conductor is alwa
on each
'electric lines of forces exert lateral pressure
es. . P
other which leads to repulsion between like charg +q -q
ing, the elect ric field
Thus, in orde r to stabilize spac
lines are normal to the surface. because
conclusions 33. Path d is followed by electric field lines
29. As per the condition given i.ri: question, two electric field intensity inside the meta llic sphere will
that can be draw n are as follows exist
be of be zero. Therefore, no electric lines of force
(i) The two poin t charges (q 1 and q 2 ) should inside the sphere. Also, elect ric field lines are always
opposite nature. ucto r.
perpendicular to the surface of the cond
ter than
(ii) The mag nitud e of charge q 1 must be grea een two point
· 34. Right, because mutual force acting betw
the mag nitud e of charge q 2 • itude of
charges is proportional to the product of magn
le is equal to
30. Electric dipo le mom ent of an electric dipo charges and inversely proportional to the squa
re of the
r char ge and
the prod uct of the mag nitud e of its eithe distance between them i.e. independent of the
the leng th of the electric dipole. othe r charges.
 12 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : PHYSICS

The direction of Eis along EQ that is parallel to

35. (i) Refer to text on page 4 (Torque on an electric
dipole placed in a uniform electric field). BA, i.e. opposite to AB. fn vector form, we can
-p
(ii) Refer to text on page 4 (Torque on an electric rewrite as, E Q
dipole placed in a unifotm electric field). 41tEo(X2 + /2)3/2

36. Refer to text on page 4 (Torque on an electric dipole

38. We know that, -r = pE sin 0
placed in a uniform electric field).
37. Electric field at a point on the equatorial line of an If 0 = n/2, then -r is maximum
electric dipole. i.e. -r = pEsin '!!:. ⇒ -r = pE (maximum)
2 .
Consider an electric dipole consisting of two point
charges + q and - q separated by a small distance · 39. Equal charge of opposite nature induces on the surface
AB= 2/with centre at O and dipole moment, p =q(2f) of conductor nearer to the source charge.
as shown in the figure.
Ea

_.__~-~ =--,-q
, - L - - _ -_

X '--+--'+_+',---J,-'- ,-,___-'--r- '+q

0 B
-q.,._:... ...._21-- ~+q Electric lines of forces should fall normally on the
surface of conductor , i.e. at 90° on the conducting
Resultant electric field intensity at the point Q, plate.
E'Q =EA+. EB
I q· . 40. Surface charge density,
Here, EA= - - . - - - cr=JL
41tEo .(x2 + 12)
4rtR 2
1
and EB = --- q According to .the question, surface
41tEo (x2+!2) charge density, cr = constant
On resolving EA andE B into two rectangular Let Q1 and Q2 are two charges
compo1,1ents, the vectors EA sin 0 and EB sin 0 are equal Hence, Charge, Q1 = 4nR 2 cr . .. (i)
in magnitude and opposite to each other and hence, · Q2 = 41t(2R) 2 cr
cancel out. Charge, ... (ii)

The vectors EA cos 0 and EB cos 0 are acting along the On dividing Eq. (i) w.it~ Eq. (ii), we get
same direction and hence, add up. QI = 41tR cr ~ _!_
2

:. Eg =EA cos0.+E9 cos0 Q2 41t(2R) 2 cr 4

=2EA cos0 [·: EA =EB]
2 q I 41 . When rn:o identical conducting charged spheres are
= -·- · - - -
brought m contact, then redistribution of charoe takes
place, i.e. the charge is equally divided on both the
spheres.
1 ]
[·:cos0 = (x2 + 12)112 . When C and A are placed in contact, charoe of A
equally divides in two spheres. Therefore~charges on
___ 2ql each spherical shell A and C = + 2Q.
41tEo (x2+/2)312 Now, 9 is placed in contact with B, then charoe on
0

But, ~_he dipole moment I p I= q x 21 each spherical shell B and C becomes

1 IPI 2Q + (-lOQ) =- 4Q
Eg =-_,
41tEo (x2+l2)312 2
 13
f~ ric Ch arg es and Fields

I9
"11en A and B are placed in contact
, then charge on where, qe =l. 6xl 0 - C,
each A and B bec ome s me =9.1 x 10- JI kg
2Q + (- 4Q) = - Q 4
E =2x 10 N/C
and
2 19 4
1.6 X I 0 - X 2 X 10
q are situated at points a= - - - - - - -
42. Let two point charges q 1 and 2 so,
9.l x l0 -31
A and B have position vectors r 1 and r 2
.
15 2
E2
m/s
=3 5xl 0
y
l 2
A q1 ---- -\l- -E1 As we know, s = ut + - at
2
-- / : I
.

x t2
, 15
1.5 xl0 - =0 x t+ ! x 35 x 10
,' I 2
r ,,,, •a So,
2
,,,,,, ,,,, q2
2
2 X 15 X J0-
t= 15
X 35 X }0
AP =r -r 1 = ✓857 x 10-8
=2.92 ms
BP = r - r 2 if direction of field
and (ii) Similarly, time of fall of proton
Electric field intensity at poi nt P due to q 1, is reversed

=~=J~::
.
1
Ei = --·- q-1 -A P
4m:o IAP13 t, (·--ap = ~PE J
=-
1
- · _!lJ ._ BP where, mp = 1.6 x 10-
27
kg, q P =1.6 x 10- 19 C
Similarly, E 2
41tEo I BPI 3
and s=l 5 cm -
nt P, - - - - -2~ - - - 27
:. Net electric field inte nsit y at poi 2 X 15 X 10- X 1.6 X 10-
E= E 1 +E 2 tp = 9 4
1.6 X 10-l X 2 X 10

1 - [ .. qi
=-
q2"'- -(r -r 2 ) ]
( r-r 1 ) +- --- = ✓15 X 10-I 4
41tEo lr- ril . 3 lr-r 2l3
/p = 122 X 10-7 S
'·
43. (i) p 1 is in stable equ ilib rium
e, the electric 45. (i) Refer to Sol. 37 on pag e 12.
p 2 is in unstable equ ilib rium bec aus
ards the (ii) Refer to Sol. 32 on pag e 11.
field , on eith er side is dire cted tow
nitude is field
negatively cha rge d she et and its mag 46. (i) Dipole in a unif orm electric
field poin t from
independent of the dist anc e of the
le mom ent and qE
the sheet. For pos itio n p 1 , dipo
ion 2 , they are
p
electric field are parallel. For pos it
anti-parallel.
rium in any of the
(ii) The dipole will not be in equ ilib
to an infinite
two positions. The electric field due
-un ifor m. Hence, there
straight cha rge d wire is non -q E
dipole in each
will be a net non -zer o force on the
case.
r an electric
e 15 cm, if electric According to the figure, if we conside
44. (i) An electron falls through distanc +q of length 2a
4 dipole consisting of charges -q and
field is 2 x 10 N/C. making an angle
placed in a uniform electric field E
So, net force on electron F = qeE 0 with electric field, then force exe
rted on charge -q
= qeE ·
mea at A = -q E (opposite to E)
qeE [·: F =m a] q E (along E)
a= -- Force exerted on charge +q at A=
 14
Chop terw ise CBSE Solved Papers , PHYSIC: l
Henc e, the net translating force on a dipole in This is same as the field due to a point charg e
a and
unifo nn electric field is zero. But the two equal indic ating that for far-o ff axial point from the
and centre of
oppo site forces act at different point s and fonn a ring, the charg ed ring beha ves as a point charg
coup le whic h exerts a torque t. e.
48. Refe r to text on page 4 (Torq ue on an elect ric
t =Force x Perpe ndicu lar dista nce betw dipole
een place d in a unifo rm elect ric field).
the two forces Pairs of perpe ndicu lar vecto rs
t = qE(A N) =qE(2 a sin 0)
(a)(t , p) (b) (t, E)
t = q(2a )E sin 0
⇒ 49. (i) The magn itude ,
t = pE sin 0 ⇒ t =p x E
(ii) Whe n the dipole is place d in a non- unifo nn IEABI =-1 -X !L2 =E
electric
field, it experiences both net force and net torqu 4m: 0 a
e.
47. Acco rding to the quest ion, supp ose .that
the ring is
place d with its plane perpe ndicu lar to the X-ax
IE 1=- 1-X 2q =2E
is as AC 4m:o a2
show n in figure. Cons ider smal l elem ent di of
the ring.

+q
B L - - - - - - c-2q

Enet = ✓EAB2 +EA c2 +2E ABE Acco s0

Let the total charg e q is unifo rmly distributed
, so the
= (2E)2 + E 2 + 2 x 2E x Ex (- ~)
charg e dq on elem ent di is dq = __!!_ x di.
2na
=.J4 E 2 +E 2 -2E 2 =E✓3
⇒ dq =A=__!!_ ... (i)
di 2na We know that, E = q/4rce 0 a 2
or dq =A -di So, Enet = q✓3/4rcs 0 a 2
Since, only the axial comp onen t gives the net (ii) Direc tion of resul tant elect ric field at verte
E at x,
point P due to charg e on ring.
EAB sinl2 0° Ex ✓3/2
= (21t0 dE COS 0 =f2na K · A · _di X ~ tana
So,
foE dE
Jo o r2 r
E AC + E AB cos 120° 2E +EX (-1/2 )

[
wher e,cos 0 = ~, K
r
=- 1
-]
4ne 0
tan a =~ ⇒ a =ran-'(~ J
I
=Kx A- f 2M 1 ]o21t0
dl=KxA ·-[/
a= 30° (with side AC)
r3 o r3 SO. Refe r to text on page 4 (Elec tric dipo le mom ent).
1 For derivation of E
=/ 0.. x·- --- ·2na [·: r 2 =x 2 + 2
a ]
(x2+ a2)3 /2 . Cons ider an elect ric dipo le AB cons ists of two
charg es
+ q and - q sepa rated by a dista nce 2 a. We have to
Kt/x----
E= ---= find elect ric field at poin t P 011, equip otep. tial
(x2 +a2) 3/2 [usin g Eq. (i)] line
sepa rated by a dista nce r.
Now , for poin ts at large dista nces from the ring Elec tric field at poin t P due to char ge + q
x >> a.
E =K t/=- ·l_.!l.._ E1 =-1 -X q
x2 41t£0 x2 4rcs 0 [✓(r2 + a2) ]2

J
Ele'ctric Charges and Fields - - - - 15
\

I (ii) Electric field lines du e to an electric dipole are

=- -x q
4 7t6 o (,. 2 + a 2 ) shown in figure .

Along AP. E 1 E1 sin()

:t)·E2,~ \
,' : U) \
,' : J}' \ ✓(, 2 + 8 2)
/' :r '\
I I \
I I \
I I \

' I

_----__0)-'oA
B .;\~_ - _____ l _
I \

53. (i) An ideal electric dipole consist of two very large

--q a ----+-0 +-- a ____..
+q charges + q and - q separate_? by very small
distance.
Electric field at point P due to charge - q,
Example- Hp, HCl, N 20 etc.
1 q
E2 =-- x J along PB (ii) Refer to text on page 4. (Torque ?n an electric
4m:;o ,.- + a2 dipole placed in a uniform electnc field)
On resolving E 1 and E 2 into rectangular components, (iii) ,: = p E sin 0 = q (2a) E sin 0
we get resultant elechic field at point P. Putting values,
5
£ = £ l cos 0 + £ 2 cos 0 8 ..jj = q x 0.02 x IO x sin 60°

=--X
1 q
.
2 COS 0 + -
1
- X
q
, COS 0 q =8 X 10-3 c
4m; 0 2
(r +a ) 2
4rci: 0 (r +a -)7

Potential energy
=2 x - 1- x q x a PE=- pEcos0
4rcEo (r2 +a2) ✓ (r 2 +a 2) = - q(2a) x E cos0
= -8 X 10- 3 X 0.02 X }0 5 X COS 60°
l q2a Thus, PE=- 8J
= - - X7- - - --
? ' /7
[But q x 2a = p]
4ns O (r- + a - ) ~ - 54. (i) Refer to Sol. 37 on page 12.
1 p . (ii) Let P be the point at which the system of charges
E=--X '
4m:o (r2+a2)312 as shown in the figure below is in equilibrium, then
F(x) =F.(2-x)
1
If r > > a then E = - - x L Q
' . 4ni: 0 r 3
q-----p------ q
51. Refer to text on page 4 (Torque on an electric dipole - X - - - - 2-X -
placed in a uniform electric field) . . _l_. qQ =- . .qQ
Conditions (from figure)
41tEo x2 4rcs 0 (2-x) 2
(i) When 0 =0; -r =0, then p and E are parallel and the
1 1
dipole is in a position of stable equilibrium. ⇒

e
(ii) When =180°, -r = 0, then p and E are anti-parallel
_x2 (2-x) 2
and the dipole is in a position of unstable ⇒ X = (2-x)
equilibrium. ⇒ x= lm
52. (i) Electric field lines due to a conducting sphere are .Thus, the charge Q should be placed at the centre
shown in figure. of line joining two given charges. Also, the two
given charges are identical i.e. having same nature.
So, the third charge could be of any nature

*
'-Conducting (positive or neg~tive ), as the forces on it at the
sphere having
negative charge centi·e are equal and opposite.
 16 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : PHYSICS

55. (i) Electric field due to dipole at axial point (b) If0 = 180°, then t =0, p \ \-E and the dipol e is
We have to calculate the field intensity E at a in unstable equilibrium.
point Pon the axial line of the dipole at distance For diagrams Refer to Sol. 32 (ii) on page 11 .
I
OP= r from the centre O of the dipole.
I A Q 8
•-----~--------.----- ----
-q +q
i.---- 2 1 - - - i
p
EA Ea
56. (i) Torque, t = pE sin 0
In vector notation, t = _p x E
SI unit of torque is newton-metre (N-m) and its
1\
,, 1+-r - 1 ~ 2 2
dimensional formula is [ ML T - l Torque is
i i+----r+ I ---..! always directed in plane perpendicular to the plane
of dipole movement and electric field .
Resultant electric field intensity at the point
Pis Ep =EA +EB Case t If 0 = 0°, then t =0
The vectors E A and EB are
collinear and opposite. The dipole is in stable equilibrium.
:. Ep =EB -EA Case 2 lf0 = 90°, then t = pE (maximum value)
1 q l q
Here, EA = - - · - -, EB = - - ·- - The torque acting on dipole will be maximum.
41tE 0 (r+l)
2 41tE 0 (r-1)
2

E, - 4~o
1
[(,~1)
4q x I
2 - (,:1) 2 l Case 3 If 0 =180°, then t = 0
The dipole is in unstable equilibrium.
(ii) If the field is non-uniform, then there would be a
= - - •- - " - - - net force acting on the dipole in addition to the net
41tEo (r 2 -/2) 2
torque and the resulting motion would be a
I '
1 2p combination of translation and rotation.
Ep=-- ·- ~ -
41tEo (r 2 -/2)2
t = pxE (r)
If the length of dipole is short i.e. 21<< r, then Net torque acts on the dipole depending on the
E 2p location, where r is the position vector of the
p 3
41tE 0 ·r centre of the dipole.
The direction of E P is along B.P produced. ~iii) (a) Eis increasing parallel to p, then 0 = 0°. So,
1 torque becomes zero but the net force on the
So, Ep OC-
r3 dipole will be in the direction of increasing
electric field and hence, it will have linear
?.
(u.. ) E oc l As r mcreases,
.
E motion along the dipole moment.
E
will sharply decrease. The ff \ _ Force on-q
shape of the graph will be as
given iii the figure. Force on +q

(iii) When the dipole were kept in

O·······---·····O
0 -q p +q
a unifonn electric field E O• Direction of net force = _ __.,
The torque acting on dipole is Direction of increasing field = - - - . .
t=jpxEj (b) E_is incre_a sing anti-parallel top. So, the torque
=·pEsine s~ll re~ams zero, but the net force on the dipole
will be m the direction of increasing electric
field which is opposite to the dipole moment.
Hence, it will have linear motion opposite to the
dipole moment.
E

O·······- -··--·O
+q p -q
(a) IfS=0°, then t=O, P IIE and the .dipole is in Force _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Force
stable equilibrium. on +q on -q
Direc tion of net force= _ __.,
For diagram Refer to Sol. 32 (i) on page 11. Direction of increasing fi eld = - - - +
 maJJrlMUillI:li~
1. (b) The charge at the centre of
the .cube is Q' then s. (a) Given, E = cz 2 k,..
electric flux through each surface is sam
e, J
As, electric flux, 4> = E · ds
Using Gauss' law
cl> £= QX -
1 = Jcz 2k dx dyk
€o
There are 6 faces of cube, a a
J
= cz 2 dx dy= cz 2 JcixJ dy
SO cj>E =J L
6Eo
s 6 O
2 2

~
= cz x a
~ Concept To determine electric field Here,
l"' Enhancer cases, we have to imagine in such \. z = a so, 4> = ca 4
a
symmetrical Gaussian surface and
find the flux 6. (a) The total electric flux passes
linked with the Gaussian surface. through the cube= Eq
0
2. (a)

J As we know, there are 6 faces in a

Electric flux will be 4>

. = £~
cube so,

ut.o
. . ( ) q
Correct option
Flux through surface P, 1s a , 6E •
O
cj>p =E x1t R 2 7. (a) According to the Gauss' law
, the net electric flux
Similarly, for flux through surface Q, through any closed Gaussian surfac
e is equal to the net

l
charge enclosed by it divided by per
cl>Q =E xrc R 2 mittivity of the
medium.
Flux through curved surface S, = E
· ds J f
Mathematically, cj> E = E · dS = .!L
J
= Edscos 90° = 0 s Eo
:. Total flux through cylinder This law is true for any closed surfac
e, no matter what
is its shape or size.
=cj>p +cj>Q +<l>s =0
3. (d) The electric field over the 8. (a) flux, <!>net = qin
Gau&sian surfac6
remains continuous and uniform at eve Eo
ry point.
4. (c) The electric field due to a · If a dos ed body is placed in an ele
point charge 2q at a ctric field
distance r is (either UJiiform on non-uniform), tota
l flux linked with
it will be zero.
E =K (2q).
... (i) i.e. 4> net = 0
r2
⇒ qin =0
The electric field due to a uniformly
charged thin 9. (d) With the help of Gauss's the
sphere shell of charge q and of radius orem, we can find
R at distance :. electric flux at any point and it is true
that Gauss's
(r>> R) is 2 theorem can be applied for any sym
metric of charge
distribution.
E'= K q - 4 Kq ... (ii)
(r 12 )2 r2 10. According to question, electri
c flux q> due to a point
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get charge enclosed by a spherical Gauss
ian surface is
given by
E'=2E
cj> =E ·A
 25

Kq 2 ~s = 'iq = + 2q - q
~ = -,. 2 · 4rrr = Kq • 4rr so
so
( ·: E = ~~; and A= 4rrr
2
)
=!!_ ⇒ ~ s = .!!_
Eo so
us on the
So, there is no effect of change in radi Cha rge +3q is outside the closed surf
ace S. Therefore,
electric flux. n in applying
it would not be taken into con sideratio
electrostatics, electric
11. According to the Gau ss' law of Gau ss' theorem .
n by
flux through any clos ed surface is give
.. .(i) 16. Given, electric field intensity
~E= qls o 3 1
E= 5x1 0 iNC -
an electric dipole.
So, in the given case , cub e enc lose s
d by the cub e is Magnitude of electric field intensity
Therefore, the total cha rge enc lose 3
zero. i.e. q = 0. IE 1=5 X 10 NC -I
Therefore, from Eq. (i), we hav e Side of square, S =IO cm= 0.1 m
2 2
$E =q ls 0 =0 Are a of square, A=(0.1) = 0.01 m
i.e. electric flux is zero. the fZ-plane.
The plan e of the square is parallel to
12. According to the que stio n, E
=3 x 10 3 i Nc - 1 . Hence, the angle betw een the unit vec
tor normal to the
Side of squ are (S) = 10 cm = 0.1 m. plane and electric field is zero .
2 2 = 1 x 10- 2 m2
Area of squ are (A) = (sid e) = (0.1) i.e., 0 =0°

Hence, elec tric flux thro ugh the squa

re, · :. Flux through the plan e,
2 c-1
~ = E. A= (3 X 10 ) · 10- = 30 Nm
3 2 $ = [E I x A cos 0
3
l electric flux linked ⇒ $ = 5 x 10 x O.Olcos0°
13. Gau ss' theo rem stat es that the tota
with clos ed surf ace Sis $ E = qls 0
2
~ =50 Nm c-I

d by the closed with the X-axis,

whe re, q is the total cha rge enc lose If the plane makes an ang le of 30°
Gau ssia n (im agin ary) surface. then 0 =60 °
:. Flux through the plane,
~ = IE I X A X cos 60°
3 60°
-2Q +Q =5 X 10 X 0.Ql X COS
(a,0) (3a, 0) (4a. 0)
=25 Nm c-
(0,0) 2 1

17. 40 Nm c- a~d 20 Nm c-
2 1 2 1

Refer to Sol. 16 on pag e 25.

Cha rge enc lose d by the sph ere = -2
Q
18. 200 Nm c- and 100 Nm c-
2 1 2 1

The refo re,$ =2Q /s 0 (inwards) Ref er to Sol. 16 on pag e 25.

flux linked with a
14. By Gau ss' theo rem , total electric 19. Acc ordi ng to Gau ss' law ,
closed surface is give n by$ = q Is 0
by the clos ed Flux thro ugh S 1, ~ 1 = g_ ... (i)
where, q is the total cha rge enc lose d Eo
surface.
= Q + 2Q = 3Q
1
. Flux thro ugh S 2 , ... (ii)
e,$ = q Is 0
,1,
:. Total electric flux linked with cub
'I' 2
Eo Eo
tric flux is
As cha rge is at centre. Therefore, elec On divi ding Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we
get
6 faces .
symmetrically distributed through all
$1 1$ 2 =l/3
x !L = _!L
Flux linked with each fac e=! ~= ! s 6s 0 T_here is no cha nge in the flux through 1
S with
6 6 0
odu ced insi de the sphere S 2 .
dielectric med ium is intr
ace Sis
15. Electric flux through the closed surf
 26 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : PHY ~ICS

20. A thin straight conducting wire will be (ii) If the medium is filled in S , then elec
a uniform 1 tric fl ux
linear charge distribution . through spheres is
I.q 2Q
l~ s 1 = -- = - -
Eot,. EoE r

T I
+
+
23. Electric field intensity due to an infinitely
uniformly charged wire at poin t P at dista
long
nce r from it

I
1---- +
is obtained as follows
Consider a thin cylindrical Gaussian surfa
ce S with
charged wire on its axis and point P on its surfa
I ce, then net
I electric flux through surface S is
i Let q charge be enclosed by the cylindrica
·\
:. Linear charge density, "A= i
l
l surface.
+ LE
q =."Al ... (i) i
I
dS

By Gauss' theorem,
:.Total electric flux through the surface of
cylinder 1
[Gauss' theorem]

<I>= "Al [from Eq. (i)]

1 i' 21 .
so
Let q charge be uniformly distributed over
<j> = fsE -dS
the =JEdScos90°+ JEdS cos0 °+ JEdS cos9 0°
spherical shell of radius r.
Upper plane face Curved surface Lower plane face
---+--- =O+ EA +O or <j> =E ·21trl
<j>
,
I
I
I
"n But, by Gau ss' theorem, <I> = q IE ="Al/ e
.,I O 0
I where, q is the char ge on leng th l of wire
I encl osed
I by cylindrical surface S and "A is unif orm
I linea r
charge density of wire .
........ __ j--__ .,,.. ...._
. "Al "A
Ex2 nrl =- ⇒ E=--
:. Surface charge density on spherical shell · 2ne 0 r
E0

cr = ·-q_ Thus, electric field of a line char ge is inve

· ... (i) rsely
4nr 2 proportional to dista nce direc ted norm al
to the surfa ce
·: Electric field intensity on the surface of of charged wire .
spherical
shell 24. (i) When a charge - q is plac ed at the
cent re of the
1 q hollow cond uctin g ~phere, then the char
E= --• -n A
ge indu ced
4ne 0 r 2 on the inner surface is + q and on oute r surfa
ce is
[·: E acts along radially outward and along n] - q. But charge Q is already pres ent on
its oute r
surface. So, net char ge on oute r surfa ce is
2 . ' (Q - q )
E (q I4nr ) as shown.
=-cr
A •

n
A

⇒ E n ... (ii)
Eo Eo
22. (i) According to Gauss ' theorem
<j> = rq oc L<J '
Eo

⇒
2Q 1
=---
2Q+ 4Q 3
 \ 27
Ele~ ic Charges and Fields

+Q
sity on =--
\Therefore, sur fac e cha rge den 2
41tb
(a) inn er sur fac e is _q _
41t1j2
(ii) Using F = -
1
- x g,2
41t Eo
(b) and on out er sur fac e is Q
- q.
41trl (a) For r = a I 2,
l Q l 4Q
F=--X--- =--X-
lying outside the sphere 2
(ii) By qau ss's law , at a poi nt 4 ns 0 (a I 2)
2 4n s 0 a
the electric flux is giv en by
(ii) For r =2b,
cl>E =fE ·dS=!L 1 Q -
l Q
80 F = - - X- -2= - - X 4b 2
s
4 ns 0 (2b ) 4 ns 0
losed.
wh ere , q is the net cha rge enc
ctio n as shown. =- 1_ _[
As E and dS are in sam e dire
16 ns 0 b 2
of first she et (region I)
27. (i) Electric field to the left 2cr cr
\ E1 =E 1 +E 2 = - r - - r
,I \
\
2Eo 2Eo
I
I
' the direction from first
where r be the uni t vec tor in
I
I
I I

et (- ve sheet)
I I

she et(+ ve sheet) to second she

I
' I

:. E (4nr 2 ) =Q -q II Ill
Eo
Q- q
⇒ Ele ctri c field, E 2
4ns 0 r
-4 2
26.
25. (i) Ref er to Sol. 23 on pag es
(Re pla cin g r by x). of sec ond she et
(ii) Electric field to the righ t
line ar cha rge is
(ii) Ele ctr ic fiel d E due to the (region III)
dis tan ce x fro m the
inv ers ely pro por tio nal to the cr 2cr
of ele ctri c fiel d E wit h Em = - r - - r
lin ear cha rge . Th e var iati on 2Eo 2Eo
dis tan ce x is sho wn in figu re. she ets (reg ion II)
(iii) Electric field bet we en two
cr 2cr
Err = - r + - r
2Eo 2Eo

i
E
28. (i) When a charge + q is pla ced at the cen
spherical cav ity as sho wn in
the figu
tre of
re, the n the
shell is - q
fac e of a
charge ind uce d on the inn er sur
out er surface of shell
and the charge ind uce d on the
a con duc tor is zero.
. 26. (i) As the electrostatic field inside is +q . So,
By usi ng Ga uss 's law, +q + + + + +
++
inn er surface and + Q
Ch arg e - Q is ind uce d on the +
+
e of the hol low
is ind uce d on the out er surfac +
+
sph eric al con duc tor. ,
+
inn er surface + +
: .Su rfac e charge density on the
=~
2
4n a
out er surface
Sur fac e charge density on the

:r
 28 Chapterwise. CBSE Solved Papers : PH'(SICS

31 . According to the figure, A and Bare two thin parallel

(a) Outer surface charge density= Q + q
4nr} plane sheets of charge having uniform densities er 1
and er 2 with er 1 > cr 2 ·
(b) Inner surface charge density = - q ~ = Ex area of the end faces of the Gaussian cylinder
2
41t'1 crA cr
(ii) Yes, the electric field inside a cavity is zero E x 2A=- ⇒ E=-
Eo 2E o
irrespective of shape because the cavity has
enclosed zero net charge. +

29. Refer to text on page 17 (Electric flux).

Since, the electric field is only an x component for
face perpendicular to x direction.
+
+ 0'1
+
+
+
+
+
-+-
---+
Es

EA
+
+
+
0'2
+
+
+
+
III
--
Es

EA
The flux, ~ = E11s is separately zero for each face of + A
II
the cube except the two faces i.e. front and its opposite
ones. In region II
Now, the magnitude of electric field at the left face is The electric field due to the sheet of charge A will be
Er =ax =a.a (-: x = a at the left face) from left to right (along the positive direction) and
So, ~ =EL '1scos0 = a.a[a 2 cos 180°] = -a. a 3 that due to the sheet of charge B will be from right to
left (along the negative direction).
·t>e =18o,
Field at right face, i.e. x = 2a Therefore, in re;i:n ;I; :e(~a'; J
l\ ⇒
ER

2
=a. x = a.2a

3 3
'I' net = a. a - a.a =a.a
,I. 3
,
~ =ERD.scos0 =2aa.[a ·cos0°]=2a. a 3
2

(•;•e =o, ⇒ E =-
1
2E 0
2E 0 2E 0

(cr 1 -cr 2 ) (along positive direction)

2

I According to Gauss' law , In region III

Q The electric fields due to both the charged sheets will
~ net = - ⇒ Q = E 0~ net
Eo be from left to right, i.e. along the positive direction.
Therefore, in region III, we have
= 8.85 X 10- 12 X 100 X (0.1)3 ·= 8.85 ~ 10- 13 C
E=~+ cr2
30. (i) At point C inside the shell. 2E 0 2E 0
The electric field inside a spherical shell is zero.
l
Thus, the force experienced by charge at -the centre E =- (cr 1+ cr 2 ) (along positive direction)
C~ll~o~~o. - Eo .
Fe = qE (Einside the shell =0) ' 32. (i) Given, E = 50 x i
Fe =0
and /1S =25 cm 2 = 25x 10-4 m 2
AtpointA,IFAI
. ' .
=2Q(-1-.
. 41tEo
3Q;2J
X
y

3Q2 1. m
F= away from shell A ---1m--~
4 ne 0 x 2 r-:------~
(ii) Electric flux through the shell
'
~ = Eo
_!_ x Magnitude of the charge enclosed by the z
shell
As the_electric field is only along the X-ax is, so
⇒ ~=IIE 0 xQl2=Ql2Eo flu~ will pass only through the cross-section of the
cylinder.
 29
Electric Charges and Fields

surfaces.
ss-section A. So, flux would be across only two
Magnitude of electric field al cro
1 Magnitude of Ea t left face,
EA =5 0x l=5 0N c -
EL = Cx = Ca [x = a at left face]
ss-section B
Magnitude of electric field at cro ' Magnitude of Ea t right face
En = 50 x 2 = l 00 NC - I [x= 2aa trig htf ace ]
es are En =C x =C 2a= 2aC
The corresponding electric flux
4 cos t 80° Thus, corresponding fluxes are
x
<I> A = E A · L\S = 50 x 25 x 10 - <I> L =E L · dS =EL dS cos 0
1
2
=- 0.1 25 Nm C - =- aC x a
2
' (As, 0 = 180°]
4
xco s0°
<Po =E s ·· L\S =l0 0x 25 xl0 - [·:0 =0 °]
<I> R =E R· dS =2 aC dS cos 0
2 1
= 0.2 5 Nm C - 2 3
=2a Ca =2 a C
inder,
So, the net flux through the cyl (i) Now, net electric flux through
the cube is
q> =q> A +q> B =-0 .12 5 +0. 25 3 3
2 1 = <j> L + <I> R = - a C + 2a C
=0.125 N-m C -
=a 3CN m
2
c- 1
(ii) Using Ga uss ' law, <I>= E. f
di= !L
Eo (ii) Net charge inside the cube
to find total charge q
Again, we can use Gau ss' law
⇒ 0.125 = q inside the cube.
12
8.85 X 10-
12 C We have
q=8.85x0.125xI0-
12
⇒ q= l.lx l0-
⇒
nder is
So, the charge enclosed by the cyli or q = a 3 CE 0 coulomb
12 C.
1.1 X 10-
the flux 4> = E · dS is
the total flux through a ~ Common Students think that,
33. (i) Gauss' law states that )I f Mistake zero here for all face s of the cube but
charge enclosed cube except the two
clo sed surface is __!_ times the net each
electric flux is zero forface of the
Eo rs.
faces, i.e. front and opposite othe
by the clo sed surf ace. Mathematically,
uniformly distributed
.! q 35. Let us consider charge + q be
<PE =y E- dS =- . Let Eis to be
s Eo over a spherical shell of radius R.
sph eric al shell.
tivity of the free obtained at P lying outside of
Here, E O is the absolute permit ward (if charge q is
space, q is the total charge enc
losed the closed ·: Ea t any point is radially out
e at all points which
surface and E is the electric fiel
d at the area positive) and has same magnitud
centre of spherical shell
element dS. lie at the same distance r from
such that r> R.
(ii) Ref er to Sol. 23 on Page 26. concentric sphere of
uss 's theorem! Therefore, Gaussian surface is
34. Refer to text on pag e 17 (Ga radius r such that r > R .
Now the electric field E = Cx
'
i is in X -direction only.
face normal vector
/-------- r - Concentric
spherical
So the faces of the cube with sur / / + + + -... ,,
Gaussian
' pendicular to this field would give zero electric / + + \
per \
su rt ace
ugh it. ,I + 1

flux , i.e. <I> = E dS cos 90° = 0 thro /

I '
I
I
y
: + + :
I
\ +
\
\ +
', ... ++q + + ,,
A
n, . . . . _--:--1-. . . . ., .
By Gau ss' theorem,
fE· dS= !l._
i ' Bo

z I
I
 30 --------- Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : PHYSICS

⇒ fE dS cos0°=.!L 37. (i) Refer to text on page 17 (Electric flux)

Eo (ii) According to the question, a is the surface charge
[ ·: Eand dS are along the same direction] density of the sheet. From symmetry, E on either
side of the sheet must be perpendicular to the plane
f
E · dS =.!L [ ·: Magrtitude of E is same at every ·
6
of the sheet having same magnitude at all
o point on Gaussian surface] equidistant points from the sheet. We take a cylinder
2 q I q of cross-sectional area A and length 2r as the
Ex4nr = - ⇒ E=--·-
Eo 41t6o r2 Gaussian surface. On the curved surface of the
Now,graph · cylinder, E and nare perpendicular to each other.
E
Therefore, the flux through the curved surface of
the cylinder= 0.

r
Flux through the flat surfaces = EA + EA = 2 EA
The total electric flux over the entire surface of
36. (i) Refer to solution 23 on page 26. cylinder
(ii) For infinitely long positive charged straight wire, <VE =2EA
Total charge enclosed by the cylinder, q =crA
+
According to Gauss's law,

I
+
<I> E =!L ⇒ 2AE = crA or E = ..5!_
e0 e0 2e 0
+ E is independent of r i.e. the distance of the point
I + ri:om the plane charged sheet. E at any point is
direct~d away from the sheet for positive charge
- , A. .·
E- -- ... (i) and directed towards the sheet in case of negative
2 ne 0r charge.-
The electron revolving, experience an electrostatic (iii) Given, E =(Ax+ B) i N
force and centripetal force, C
mv 2 ',
So, eE=-- ... (ii)
E · .::\S = (Ax + B) i . L2 ( - i)
r Here,x =O
For Eq. (i),
!. E ·· L\ s=B i -L2 ( - i)
e). mv2 2 e').,
-=-- ⇒ mv = - - <l>r =-BL2 ... (i)
2ne0r r 2 7tEo
For right side,
Kinetic energy of the revolving electron,
I ' 2 : ,e')., E · .::\S = ( Ax + B) i ·L2 i = AL2 x + BL2
KE =~mv = - Here, x=L
2 41t·Eo
then, cj) R = AL3 + BL2 ... (ii)
(iii) Graph of kinetic energy and linear charge
density A. , From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
<I> 3 <I> R + cl> L
net =
i 3
KE =AL +BL2 +(-BL2 )
3
<!>net= AL

·1
 31
Electric Charges and Fields

e J
From sym try, the electric field is everywher
rem).
38. (i) Refer to text on page 17 (Gau ss' Theo radial in th lane cutting the wire norm ally and its
As we know , dq> = E . d s magnitude ly depe t on the ra~al distance (r).
= K;,. r·ds (·: r·ds = r·ds · d s) From Gaus s' aw~ E -
1s E · dS = Bo
-

fd ♦ -[Ktl•di -dS =fE -n.d S

s
-n.d S+f E-n .dS +fE · ndS
<I> =f Kq( :: } 1
B C
s

As, (r ·d s=Irl Id sl cos 0° = 1) 2 f

··, d S = Ed Sco s 90°
A
ds 4 1t r
Now , q>=Kq -=K
2 fr
q-- =K
s
2
q·4 1t
r
d S cos 90° + E d S cos 0° f
C
1 .
Then, </'- =--- q:4 1t S ;=E (21trl)
41tBo
C

Charge enclosed . tpe cylinder, q = "Al

<I> = ..!L (i.e. inde pend ent of shap e and size)
Bo ')..,/ , "A

Figures are
: . E (2 1tr[) = -
Bo 4
=21tB 0 r

0~
Flux throu gh both the close d surfaces will
be same .
(ii) (a) Given, Ex= j Ey =0,E z =0
a = 400 NI c a = 01 m, qi = ? q = ?
As the electric ! eld has only x-component,
therefore E · Lls/= qi E = 0 for each of four faces
of cube perp en~icular to Y-axis and Z-axis.
ge density-
(ii) Elec tric field to the left of sheet of char Flux is there otjly for left face L and right face
+ 2 cr, R of the cube. )
2cr ~ 2cr ~ · cr 1) ~
EA =- (-1 )+ -(1 )+280 -(- ... (i) At the left face jx = a
280 280 .
cr,
:. 4l =a a
Now for the right of shee t of charge dens ity+ Flux for left fale of cube ,
2 3
cr ~ 2cr ~ 2cr~ (i)
ED =-( 1)- -(1 )+- (1)
... (ii) <I>~ ~E-Lls=-ra·(a )cos 180 °=-a a .. .

280 280 280 S1milarly, at n · t face,

From Eq. (i), we get x =a+ · =2a ·
'-
. '
cr'°' ~ , ER =a (p
EA =-( -1) \ 2
280 \ <I> ~ = E
I
Lls ~ a: (2a )( a ) cos 0°
2 ... (ii)
and from Eq. (ii) ED = ~ (i) \
=a( a)a
280
From• Eqs. (i) ridI (ii),
ght wire with
39. (i) Cons ider an infinitely long thin strai The net flux t ough the cube ,
'
unifo rm linea r charge dens ity (I.). 2 3
~ net =<I> R q> L = a (2a) a - aa
_E 3 3
= 400 . 2a - 400 a
E 3
=\80 0 I J - 400 a
I\
:r
I
C n "n 3
= 00(a ) =40 0(01 )
3

+ + + + +- + + + + / 2 -I
<!>net =0 Nm C
 l
32 - - ---- - -- Chapte rwise CBSE Solved Papers : PHYSICS

i
l
· (b) Applyi ng Gausi'\theorem 1d the charge E
within the cube, 1 i
q =Eo X ~1
= 8,85 X10- 12 X 4
1

= 3.540,x 10- 12
40. (i) Electric flux It is defined as 1le tOtal number n
' h of ·h ~-- -,- --~
electric field lines that are n rmally pass t roug
that surface .
F romsym me try , the electric
. field. is everywhere in
Total electric flux <I> over th whole surface S due the radial directio n and its magmt ude only depends
to an electric field Eis giv as on the radial distanc e (r).
<j> =fE . d S =fE S cos 0 From Gauss' law,
s '
It is a scalar quantity. ~E = fE · dS =_i_
S Eo

,
,,r----- ----- --- ,,1
, I
1 Now ' ~E =f E.dS = f E . n dS
,,' : ,,✓ l

I
/ : : s s
t----r;i-,-:~-r
,'

! =fE•nds+fE-ndS+pE -ndS
\ ,,}----r dr r-~,~i A B
f E . dS = f E d S cos 900+ pE d S cos 900
C

L,,,, -------- .-- ·~+-✓" S A B

+ pE dScos0 °
From the given proble '. ~ q is the point charge at a C
d .
distance of - drrectly a ,ove the centre. .
of the f
= E d S = E (21trl)
2 ' C
square side. Charge enclose d in the cylinde r, q = Al
·. Now, construct a Gauss. an surface in form of~ A.[
, cube of side d to evalua ;~ the amount of electnc E(21trl) = -
. flux. ·
eo
:. We can calculate the amount of electric flux for
1

or A
E=--
six surfaces by using Gde s' law, 21te0r
~ E = tE -d~/ eqo
The direction of the electric field is radially outward
from the positive line charge. For negative line
·l \
For one surface of the ' ube, amount of electric charge, it will be radially inward.
. . "' , q (ii) Refer to sol 25 (ii) on page 27 (Repla cing x by r)
flux 1s given as "'E = . :
6€0
4 •
... ) V =
( III JE · dr = J,.2-A- dr =-"-- · J''2 -l dr
(ii) Even if the point charge · moved to a distanc ed ' 2 2rte or 2rte O r1 r
side o f t he square
iri are and .
from the centre of the sq
is doubled, but amount o · charge en~losed into the = _A [log rz ]
2rte 0 . r1
Gaussian surface does n ,t changes.
· :. The amount of el~tri 1flux remains same. Work done = qV = q [-')..-( log r?. )]
41 . (i) Field due to an infinite long thin straight 2rte O 'i
~
l
charged line )
1 Concept The electric field due to infinitely i-.
Consid er an infinitely l~ g hin straight line with ,..... Enhancer long line charge
depends upon the
uniform linear charge dt ns ty (A). distance of the observation point from the line
charge .

•
 33
Electric Charges and Fields

Since, the electric field has only x component. For

42. (i) Refer to Sol. 37 (ii) on Page 30.
faces normal to X -direction the angle between E
(ii) Surface charge density of the uniform plane sheet and !).S is 0°. Therefore, the flux is separately zero
which is infinitely large = +cr. The electric for each of the cube except the surface
potential (V) due to infinite sheet of uniform charge perpendicular to X-axis.
density +cr
The magnitude of the electric field at the left face is
V =- crr E 1 =0 (as, x =0 at the left face).
2eo The magnitude of the electric field at the right face
The amount of work done in bringing a point is ER =2a (as, x = a at the right face).
charge q from infinite to point of distance r in front The corresponding fluxes are
of the charged plane sheet.
$ L =EL · !).S =0
-crr cr r•q
· -=---J
W=q xV=q ·- $ R = ER . !).S
2Eo 2eo
=E R!).S cose =E R!).S (·: e=0°)
43. (i) Electric field on an axial line of an electric dipole ⇒ $R=E Ra2
A -a'---------+---- Net flux through the cube
- q O +q E-q P E-iq
-r-a- $=$L +$R2 2
--r+a----- =O+ERa =ERa
3
Let P be the point at distance r from the centre of ⇒ $ =2a (a)2 =2a
the dipole on the side of charge + q. We can use Gauss' law to find the total charge q
Then, the electric field at point P due to charge - q inside the cube.
of the dipole is given by, $ = q/e 0
E =- q p , 3
-q 41te 0 (r+a) 2 $ =$e 0 =2a e 0
where, pis the unit vector along the dipole axis 44. (i) Refer to text on page 17 (Electric flux).
1
The SI unit of electric flux is N-m c- •
2
(from -q to q).
Also, the electric field at point P due to charge +q According to Gauss' law in electrostatics, the
of the dipole is given by, E+q q · 2 P surface integral of electrostatic field E produced by
41te 0 (r- a) ·any sources over any closed surface S enclosing a
volume V in vacuum is .!L i.e. total electric flux

The~~~~:J: t_:o: : [(r-la)' - (rL), JP

Eo

over the closed surface S in vacuum is 1 / e O times

the total charge (q) contained inside S, i.e.
4ar ,.
⇒
q
E =-- .- - - P
41teo (r2-:-- a2)2
[·: r=x] (given) f
$ E = E · dS = .!L
S ' Eo

E q . 4ax ,. , Gauss' law in electrostatics is true for an closed

- 2 2 2 p
41te 0 (x - a ) surface, no matter what its shape or size is. In order
to justify the above statement, consider all' isolated
Forx>>a, EE=
4 qa p⇒ E= Zp 3 positive charge q situated at the centre O of a
41te 0x 3 4ite 0x
sphere of radius r.
' [:.p=2 qa]
According to Coulomb's law, electric field
(ii) y intensity at any point Pon the surface of the sphere
is
q r
E=--
41te0 r 2
B
z

11
34 Chapte rwise CBSE Solved Paper s: PHYSIC ]

E S2 passing through P and with the centre at 0. Th1;

radius of the sphere S 2 is r < R .
~
1
/ dS
o.-' ,
+q I

S- 'o-
e---=-d-=- ; - 1R
0 '
'
where, r is unit vector directed from Oto P.
Consider a small area elemen,t dS of the sphere
around P. Let it be repr~sented by'the vector dS or The electric flux through th e Gaussian surface , as
n-dS. ' calculated in Eq. (i), i.e. E x 41tr 2 . As, charge
where, nis unit vector along normal to the area inside ·a spherical shell is zero . So, the Gaussian
element.
surface enclose s no charge . The Gauss' theorem
: . Electric flux over the area element,
gives
d~E =E · dS
Ex4nr 2 =!f.__=0
= (q/41tE 0 · r/r 2-).(n · dS) Eo
E · dS = q I 41tE O • dS I r i · r·n E =0for r< R.
As normal to a surface of every point is along the Hence, the field due to a uniform ly charge d
radius vector at that point. Therefore, =1 r.n spherical shell is zero at all points inside the shel-l.
E · dS = q/41tc 0 -dS!r 2 45. (i) Refer to text on page 4 (Torqu e on an electric
Integrating over the closed surface area of the _ dipole placed in a ~niform electrti c field).
sphere, we get total normal electric flux over the (ii) Refer to Sol. 22 on page 26.
entire sphere,
!
q>E = yE·d q· ! ' 46. (i) Refer to Sol. 35 on pages 29, 30 and refer to Sol.
S=--
2 ydS
s 41t11or s 44 (ii) on page 34.
=- -
q - x total
area'. of surface 47. (i) Refer to text on page 17 (Electr ic flux) .
of sphere
41tc 0 r 2 (ii) Refer to Sol. 37 (ii) on page 30.
q (41tr 2 )=_i_ E =.5!_
41tc 0 r 2. E0 2Eo
f
Hence, s E.dS = qlc 0 , which proves Gauss' Hence, electric field at a point is indepe ndent of
distance from the sheet.
theorem.
(a) Norma lly away from the sheet when sheet is
(ii) Electric field inside a u~jformly charged
positiv ely charge d.
spherical shell ,
(b) Norma lly inward toward s the sheet when plane
According to Gauss' theorem
sheet is negativ ely charge d.
fs E •ds = fs E n.-·ds = __q_ 48. (i) (c) Coppe r
Eo (ii) (a) Car
or E !-dS =_i_ (iii) (c) Zero
Ys E
0 (iv) (c) Its surface have charge equal to -q.
2
E · 41tr = qlEo (v) (b) q =2 µC
⇒ E = q/41tc 0 r 2
... (i) ~ =_i_ = 2 X 10-
6

In the given figure, the point p where we have to Eo 8.85 X 10- ti

find the electric field intensity is inside the shelL
The Gaussian surface is the surface of a sphere S ~ =225 x l 0 5 Nm 2 / C .leaving the surface
2

·,