ALTERNATING CURRENT

Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 1 hour Maximum Marks: 40

Section A
1. The reactance of a capacitor of capacitance C connected to an ac source of frequency ω is X. If the capacitance [1]
of the capacitor is doubled and the frequency of the source is tripled, the reactance will become:

a) 3

2
X b) 6 X

c) X

6
d) 2

3
X

2. Which of the following quantity/quantities remains same in primary and secondary coils of an ideal transformer? [1]
Current, Voltage, Power, Magnetic flux

a) Voltage only

c) Power only
a ns
b) Magnetic flux and Power both

d) Current only
–
3. A resistor and an ideal inductor are connected in series to a 100√2 V, 50 Hz ac source. When a voltmeter is [1]
iiti
connected across the resistor or the inductor, it shows the same reading. The reading of the voltmeter is:
–
a) 50√2 V b) 100 V
k

–
c) 50 V d) 100√2 V
As

4. An inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are connected in series across an ac source of voltage. If the frequency of [1]
the source is decreased gradually, the reactance of:

a) both the inductor and the capacitor b) inductor increases and the capacitor
decreases. decreases.

c) inductor decreases and the capacitor d) both the inductor and the capacitor
increases. increases.
5. The primary and secondary coils of a transformer have 500 turns and 5000 turns respectively. The primary coil [1]
is connected to an ac source of 220 V 50 Hz. The output across the secondary coil is:

a) 2200 V - 50 Hz b) 1100 V - 50 Hz

c) 2200 V - 5 Hz d) 220 V - 50 Hz
6. A voltage signal is described by: [1]
v = V0 for 0 ≤ t ≤
T

= 0 for T

2
≤ t ≤ T

for a cycle. Its rms value is:

V0 V0
a) 2
b)
√2

1/3
 –
c) V0 d) √2 V0

7. When an alternating voltage E = E0 sin ωt is applied to a circuit, a current I = I0 sin(ωt + π

2
) flows through it. [1]

The average power dissipated in the circuit is

E0 I0
a) E rms ⋅ Irms b)
√2

c) Zero d) E0 I0

8. The voltage across a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor connected in series to an ac source are 20 V, 15 V and [1]
30 V respectively. The resultant voltage in the circuit is

a) 5 V b) 25 V

c) 20 V d) 65 V
Section B
9. An ac voltage v i = 140 sin(100πt)V is applied to the primary coil having 200 turns, of an ideal transformer and [2]
it supplies a power of 5 kW . If the secondary coil has 1000 turns, find:
a. the output voltage,
b. the instantaneous voltage across the secondary coil, and
–
c. the current in the secondary coil. (Take √2 = 1 ⋅ 4)

10.
ns
An ac source v = vm sin ωt is connected across an ideal capacitor. Derive the expression for the (i) current

flowing in the circuit, and (ii) reactance of the capacitor. Plot a graph of current i versus ωt.
a [2]

Section C
iiti
11. An ideal inductor of 5

π
H inductance is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz ac supply. [3]
a. Calculate the rms and peak value of current in the inductor.
b. What is the phase difference between current through the inductor and the applied voltage? How will it
k

change if a small resistance is connected in series with this inductor in the circuit?
As

12. Derive an expression for the average power consumed in a series LCR circuit connected to a.c. source in which [3]
phase difference between the voltage and the current in the circuit is ϕ .
13. A resistance R and a capacitor C are connected in series to an ac source V = V0 sin ωt. [3]

a. Obtain the expression for the instantaneous current (I) in the circuit.
b. Show graphically variations of V and I as a function of ωt.
Section D
14. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
A transformer is essentially an a.c. device. It cannot work on d.c. It changes alternating voltages or currents. It
does not affect the frequency of a.c. It is based on the phenomenon of mutual induction. A transformer
essentially consists of two coils of insulated copper wire having a different number of turns and wound on the
same soft iron core.
The number of turns in the primary and secondary coils of an ideal transformer are 2000 and 50 respectively.
The primary coil is connected to the main supply of 120 V and secondary coil is connected to a bulb of
resistance 0.6 Ω .
(a) What will be the value of voltage across the secondary coil?
(b) Find the value of the current in the bulb.
(c) What will be the value of current in the primary coil?

2/3
 (d) Calculate the power in primary coil.
Section E
15. i. A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series to an ac source v = vm sin ωt . Derive an expression for the [5]
impedance of the circuit.
ii. When does an inductor act as a conductor in a circuit? Give reason for it.
iii. An electric lamp is designed to operate at 110 V dc and 11 A current. If the lamp is operated on 220 V, 50 Hz
ac source with a coil in series, then find the inductance of the coil.

16. i. With the help of a labelled diagram, describe the principle and working of an ac generator. Hence, obtain an [5]
expression for the instantaneous value of the emf generated.
ii. The coil of an ac generator consists of 100 turns of wire, each of area 0.5 m2. The resistance of the wire is
100 Ω . The coil is rotating in a magnetic field of 0.8 T perpendicular to its axis of rotation, at a constant
angular speed of 60 radian per second. Calculate the maximum emf generated and power dissipated in the
coil.

17. i. Draw a labelled diagram of a step-up transformer and describe its working principle. Explain any three [5]
causes for energy losses in a real transformer.
ii. A step-up transformer converts a low voltage into high voltage. Does it violate the principle of conservation
of energy? Explain.

voltage given to the primary coil is 90 V. Calculate:

a ns
iii. A step-up transformer has 200 and 3000 turns in its primary and secondary coils respectively. The input

1. The output voltage across the secondary coil

iiti
2. The current in the primary coil if the current in the
secondary coil is 2.0 A.
k
As

3/3