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Java Access Specifiers control the accessibility of classes, fields, and methods, playing a crucial role in object-oriented programming. There are four types of access specifiers: public, private, protected, and default, each with varying levels of visibility and access restrictions. The document provides definitions and examples for each specifier, highlighting their importance in encapsulation and data protection.

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4 views

access-specifiers-in-java (1)

Java Access Specifiers control the accessibility of classes, fields, and methods, playing a crucial role in object-oriented programming. There are four types of access specifiers: public, private, protected, and default, each with varying levels of visibility and access restrictions. The document provides definitions and examples for each specifier, highlighting their importance in encapsulation and data protection.

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archanayadav29692445
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Access Specifiers In Java ~ Java Answers

Access Specifiers In Java

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Definition :

­ Java Access Specifiers (also known as Visibility Specifiers ) regulate access to classes, fields and methods
in Java.These Specifiers determine whether a field or method in a class, can be used or invoked by another
method in another class or sub­class. Access Specifiers can be used to restrict access. Access Specifiers
are an integral part of object­oriented programming.

Types Of Access Specifiers :

In java we have four Access Specifiers and they are listed below.

1. public
2. private
3. protected
4. default(no specifier)

We look at these Access Specifiers in more detail.

public specifiers :

Public Specifiers achieves the highest level of accessibility. Classes, methods, and fields declared as public
can be accessed from any class in the Java program, whether these classes are in the same package or in
another package.

Example :

public class Demo { // public class


public x, y, size; // public instance variables
}
private specifiers :

Private Specifiers achieves the lowest level of accessibility.private methods and fields can only be accessed
within the same class to which the methods and fields belong. private methods and fields are not visible
within subclasses and are not inherited by subclasses. So, the private access specifier is opposite to the
public access specifier. Using Private Specifier we can achieve encapsulation and hide data from the outside
world.

Example :

public class Demo { // public class


private double x, y; // private (encapsulated) instance variables

public set(int x, int y) { // setting values of private fields


this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}

public get() { // setting values of private fields


return Point(x, y);
}
}

protected specifiers :

Methods and fields declared as protected can only be accessed by the subclasses in other package or any
class within the package of the protected members' class. The protected access specifier cannot be applied
to class and interfaces.

default(no specifier):

When you don't set access specifier for the element, it will follow the default accessibility level. There is no
default specifier keyword. Classes, variables, and methods can be default accessed.Using default specifier
we can access class, method, or field which belongs to same package,but not from outside this package.

Example :

class Demo
{
int i; (Default)
}

Real Time Example :


This are the Access Specifier in java and we will learn in detail about these Access Specifier in future
chapters.

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