IoT Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring
and Irrigation System
By,
Para Sunil Chowdary
(800733619)
Submitted to the,
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in
Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for the degree of
Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
February 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Abstract ……………………………………………………………...2
2. Introduction ……………………………………………………….....2-4
2.1 Background………………………………………………….3
2.2 State-of the-Art………………………………………………4
2.3 General Motivation……………………………………….....4
2.4 Technical Objective…………………………………………4
3. Literature Review…………………………………………………….....5
3.1 Arduino based Automated watering system ……………………..5-6
3.2 IoT based Automated Irrigation System……………………………6-8
3.3 An Automated Irrigation System for Smart Agriculture Using
the Internet of Things…………………………………………….8-9
3.4 Review Paper on GSM based Water Management in Irrigation
System Using ARM7…………………………………………..10-11
3.5 Monitoring and Control Systems in Agriculture Using Intelligent
Sensor Techniques: A Review of the Aeroponic System…………11-13
3.6 IoT and agriculture data analysis for smart farm………………...13-15
3.7 Internet of Things based Expert System for Smart Agriculture….15-17
3.8 Monitoring Citrus Soil Moisture and Nutrients Using an IoT Based
System……………………………………………………………17-20
4. Conclusion………………………………………………………………20
5. Summary………………………………………………………………….20
6. References………………………………………………………………....21
1
1. ABSTRACT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a game-changing technology that will make communication and
computing easier. These are the days IoT is used in almost every field, including smart homes, smart
traffic control, and smart cities. The implementation of IoT is vast and can be applied in any field.
Our project focuses on the application of IoT in agriculture. IoT smart farming solutions are systems
designed to monitor crop fields using sensors such as humidity and temperature sensors (DHT-11)
and soil moisture sensors. Farmers can keep an eye on their fields from anywhere on earth. IoT-
enabled smart irrigation systems can be used to control the watering or irrigation of flowering plants.
It automatically controls plant irrigation, reducing the need for human intervention. This was largely
about water wasting, which is a huge issue in today's world. It also contributes to time savings, cost
effectiveness, environmental protection, low maintenance and operating costs, and effective irrigation
service. The proposed model is an IoT-based Agricultural Monitoring System, which consists of
sensors that collect data and send it as a message to farmers via a GSM module (SIM tool kit).The
message contains pertinent information about the farm's various parameters, allowing the farmer to
take appropriate actions based on the information. The system also includes a water pump and
automatic water flow control via a moisture sensor, which increases the system's effectiveness. The
system's performance is evaluated by measuring sensor output at various times of day and under
various climatic conditions.
2. INTRODUCTION
The Internet of Things (IoT) was introduced in 2009 with the goal of connecting all gadgets and
equipment to the internet. Every second, the ‘Internet of Things’ evolves. The IoT concept's key
strength is the significant impact it will have on a variety of areas of people's daily lives and behavior
[1]. Consumer goods, large machines, automobiles, the mechanical and utility section, sensors, and
other items are all connected to the internet, providing critical information that promises to
revolutionize the way we work and make our lives easier. It's an advanced automation and analytic
system based on physical devices. Now-a-days IoT is applied in every industry for economic
development. The Internet of Things (IoT) system differs from the rest of the systems in which it
allows for numerous automated features and value. Sensors, artificial intelligence, and other electrical
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components are commonly used in these gadgets. Sensors and monitors, for example, can assist
farmers in correctly monitoring crop quality continuously. IoTs can be utilized to assist and support
farmers in any form of farming. Moreover, the farmers can spend the time saved on other activities
for increased income [3]. Every object in the IoT has the following three capabilities: awareness,
representation, and interaction [4]. Using the Internet of Things (IoT) idea in agriculture can assist
farmers in not only reducing waste but also increasing yield production, which can range from the
amount of fertilizer used to the quality of the product produced. In the future, the Internet of Things
will serve as the cornerstone for Smart Computation.
2.1 BACKGROUND
Most farmers in today's globe lack proper knowledge of farming and agriculture, making it more
irregular. Prediction and forecasting are used in the majority of farming and agricultural activities. If
it fails, farmers will lose a lot of money, and some will even commit themselves. Since we are aware
of the importance of soil and air quality, irrigation, and other factors affecting crop growth, such as
temperature and moisture, cannot be overlooked. A proper technology is required to increase yield
production and to decrease these massive losses that farmers face. Several conditions must be tightly
monitored throughout plant growth, including temperature, humidity, light intensity, water soil level,
pH & EC value, CO2 concentration, atomization length, and atomization interval time [2].
An initial framework based on IoT is being built to solve the difficulties in agriculture.
Sensors and actuators are also employed in IoT for a variety of purposes. The sensors should be
placed in the fields to collect data on the environment, humidity, soil moisture, and leaf moisture [4].
WSN can also be used to track and control elements that affect agricultural output and growth. They
may also be used to figure out when the best time is to harvest, which farmer is best for specific
conditions, detect diseases, and manage machinery, among other things [3]. As a result, the
Agricultural Internet of Things can apply digital design, intelligent control, accurate operation, and
scientific management to a variety of agricultural aspects. As a result, it delivers high yield,
efficiency, quality, environmental, and safety goals [5]. WSN can be used to deliver communication,
computing, and sensing information from both local and far locations. The integration of IoT and
sensor network technology in conjunction with a smart irrigation system makes it easier to manage
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and utilize water resources properly. This will aid in the advancement of smart farming methods and
the production of higher crop yields on a yearly basis [7, 8].
2.2 STATE OF THE ART
Due to the advancements in technology, there are many sensors for irrigation systems which are
expensive that cannot be afforded by small farmers for their lands for proper irrigation. So, a basic
digital low- cost temperature and humidity sensor is used in this project. The GPRS method has the
drawbacks of speed and reliability. And Zigbee module has a disadvantage of low transmission rate
and which is also only used for small distance and has some security issues [9].Thus, a GSM module
is used which operates through SMS.
2.3 GENERAL MOTIVATION
Turning on the water irrigation system is not the only part of irrigation water management. The
farmer should keep an eye on the amount of water that should reach the crop to meet specific
requirements. If the farmer is away from his land and if more water is consumed by the crop then the
roots can rot and the crop cannot get proper oxygen from the soil. Climate also plays a huge role for
irrigation. So to avoid these complexities, smart agriculture monitoring and irrigation systems based
on IoT are proposed.
2.4 TECHNICAL OBJECTIVE
Temperature sensor ,humidity sensor and soil moisture sensors are used in this project. Here, we set a
water level limit and fix it to the required amount. In the field, soil moisture sensors are installed
beneath the ground. First, a reading of the water level is taken, and decisions are made based on that
information. The temperature sensor (DTH 11) is installed in the field's centre to obtain an overall
reading of soil temperature. Temperatures are measured in degrees and Fahrenheit. We'll receive the
readings from these sensors by connecting them to Arduino. The data to Arduino comes from all the
sensors that are used, which will then be forwarded to the Arduino Uno. The threshold value is
decided by the crop. For each sensor, the threshold value will be marked based on the crop need set
and predefined in the arduino. If the value is less than the threshold value then the motor will be ON
and with the help of GSM module, an SMS will be sent to the farmer for every 5 minutes.
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3. LITERATURE REVIEW
The following sections primarily address implementing IoT for smart agriculture. Each paper follows
a unique approach and methodology to drive agriculture through digital innovation.
3.1 Arduino based Automated watering system [7]
Authors: Sumeet Singh, Sandhya Upreti, Piyali Sarkar, Yatin Jain
In this paper, the author proposes a system with an Arduino board which consists of a microcontroller
and is programmed to sense the moisture levels of plants to supply water whenever required. This
system is often used for general plants as part of supplying water to small and large gardens.
Normally these plants are to be watered 2 times per day, so the microcontroller is programmed to
water daily in the morning and evening.
Research methods/ techniques applied:
Components such as AC motor, relay, soil sensor, microcontroller are used in this design. The
functionality of the model is shown in figure 1.
Figure 1 : Schematic to connect the Arduino [7]
The AC motor consists of a stator and rotor for producing two rotating magnetic fields. Relay is used
where several circuits are to be controlled by one signal. Soil sensor is used to detect the moisture
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levels in the soil. An autonomous plant watering system based on the ATMEGA328P microcontroller
is programmed to send interrupt signals to the motor via the relay. The arduino board is attached to
the soil sensor, which detects the moisture content in the soil. Whenever the moisture content of the
soil changes, the sensor detects the change and sends a signal to the microcontroller which activates
the pump or motor.
Conclusion:
Water conservation occurs as a result of the direct transmission of water to the roots. As a result, the
system is effective and adaptable to changing conditions. If installed and programmed properly, they
can save money and help in proper irrigation of plants.
3.2 IoT based Automated Irrigation System [8]
Authors: Sumeet. S. Bedekar, Monoj. A. Mechkul, Sonali. R. Deshpande
In this paper, the author proposes precision agriculture irrigation systems based on the IoT
technology and focuses on the hardware and network architectures and software process. The name
precision agriculture refers to the application of a precise amount of water,fertilizers etc. to the crops
for maximum yield and productivity. The author discusses how the Internet of Things(IoT) is
applicable for agricultural irrigation and also researches different hardware components, its network
layer and software components for precision agriculture. This paper discusses mainly about the
proper utilization of water for agriculture.
Research methods/ techniques applied:
The hardware system for precision agriculture irrigation based on IoT is shown below. It consists of
six modules out of which one module should acquire information about field crops,agricultural soils
etc. The site irrigation module senses input signals and transmits signals to relays and regulators to
control. The GPRS module is for data processing and communication. Whereas, the central control
computer module allows users to remotely monitor the irrigation conditions of the field.
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Figure 2 : Hardware system for precision agriculture irrigation based on the Internet of things
The network constitution of the irrigation system for precision agriculture based on IoT consists of
three modules out of which, first layer is the network sensation, second layer is to monitor data and
control commands. And, the final layer is the data processing level. The first layer collects
information from soil and sends it to wireless routing nodes. Solenoid valves receive these commands
to either open or close. The central technology mainly used here is Zigbee wireless communication of
high reliability, large network capacity. The software is mainly composed of data acquisition nodes,
wireless gateway and wireless router nodes. Its control flow chart is shown below.
Figure 3 : Control flow chart of the system software running [8]
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Conclusion:
After researching the network hierarchy features, functionality and software architectures, applying
to Internet of Things is highly effective and has significant impact on ensuring the proper utilization
of water resources.
3.3 An Automated Irrigation System for Smart Agriculture Using the Internet of
Things [6]
Authors:V. Ramachandran, R. Ramalakshmi, and Seshadhri Srinivasan
In this paper, the author proposes an automated irrigation system to reduce the utilization of water by
combining technologies Internet of Things(IoT), Cloud Computing and other tools which includes
low-cost sensors. However, the author computed the minimum irrigation rates based on the
information collected from sensors using MATLAB's linprog routine. The author tests this method in
four land sectors each with 2*2 square feet where one sector uses a traditional method for irrigation
while the other three sectors follow this optimization method.
Research methods/ techniques applied:
In this model, the author is concerned about the cost. Though the low cost sensors had some
reliability issues, they performed well for the application considered. Other tools were also selected
based on the cost- reliability analysis. The IoT architecture used for implementing the system is
shown in figure 4. Low-cost soil-moisture and flow sensors are used in this study. The sensors give
data to the WEMOS D1 controller, which inturn controls the flow based on this information. The
controller controls the solenoid valve which acts as actuator and the DC motor state since it has to be
on only when the valve is in open state. The internet connection is given through GSM broadband. In
this model, a cloud service called Thingspeak is used to store the information which is collected from
the sensors. A web interface and mobile interface are provided for continuous monitoring. Whereas,
YL69 soil moisture sensor and YF-201 flow sensor are deployed in this model.
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Figure 4 : IoT architecture for smart Irrigation System [6]
Results and Observations:
This study is conducted for 3 weeks to study the effectiveness of flow-based control and
optimization-based control. It is observed that increase in moisture level decreases the pH value of
the soil. But only 1-week data is considered to draw the conclusions. In drip-irrigation method, the
method provided 31.2% over conventional method and an increase in 7% savings. Similarly, in
sprinkler irrigation, the savings were 26% and 22% in solenoid valve based control. The simulation
results show that optimization based control had more water savings than flow-based control.The
simulation results are shown in below figure 5.
Figure 5: Automated versus Manual Control with Sprinkler System for optimization-based control[6]
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3.4 Review Paper on GSM based Water Management in Irrigation System Using
ARM7 [9]
Authors: Y. P. Patil , N. D. Pergad
In this paper, the author develops a system for efficient water management while irrigation based on
GSM and ARM7. The developed system is machine based which automates the land irrigation by
combining software and hardware components together to find exact field information. However,
because a large number of devices lack a network interface, data from these devices cannot be sent
via the network. The author presents a ARM7 processor-based integrated GSM interface design.
Research methods/ techniques applied:
The block diagram of a proposed system is shown in the figure 6 below. Temperature and humidity
sensors are used for monitoring the weather conditions. The LPC2148 microcontrollers based on a
32-bit ARM7TDMI had flash memory of upto 512kB. Due to their small size and low power
consumption, LPC2148 is ideal for this system since size is the main requirement.
Figure 6 : Block diagram of Proposed system [9]
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Soil moisture sensor uses the capacitance to measure water content in the soil. The DS18B20 digital
thermometer measures temperature in 9 to 12 bit centigrade and features a non-volatile alarm
function. Whenever the soil is dry, the sensors send the values and the water is released immediately
into the soil.
Conclusion:
The proposed model is based entirely on the ARM-LPC2148 GSM module. This initiative improved
agricultural and increased food output while also providing good water management. This can also
help to boost the economy and meet the need for food.
3.5 Monitoring and Control Systems in Agriculture Using Intelligent Sensor
Techniques: A Review of the Aeroponic System [2]
Authors: Imran Ali Lakhiar, Gao Jianmin, Tabinda Naz Syed, Farman Ali Chandio, Noman Ali
Buttar, Waqar Ahmed Qureshi
This paper is a review article on an Aeroponic system. An aeroponic system involves growing plants
without soil. In this paper, the author explains the parameters that are needed for proper plant growth
and various techniques that are used for monitoring. First, the present status of the aeroponic system
is clarified and then the key problems and difficulties of using aeroponic systems are explained. The
author mentioned different types of sensors that can be used in monitoring and also reviewed
different techniques that are used by other researchers. And, the author mentions the advantages of
using these sensor techniques and their applications in future.
Research methods/ techniques applied:
Various sensors are used to control the parameters to monitor the aeroponic system. For example, the
temperature sensors can be used to keep track of the aeroponic system's temperature variations. And
the other parameters that should be controlled are humidity, pH and EC value of the nutrient solution,
nutrients atomization and atomization time and its time interval are manually controlled by the timer
from the system. The figure 7 shown above is the basic aeroponic cultivation control system. The
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sensors collect the parameters information from the plants and it sends them to the microcontroller.
The microcontroller gathers this data and it sends it to the web server which is connected through the
internet.
Figure 7: Aeroponic cultivation control system [2]
Thus the farmer can monitor from the mobile application that he has in his mobile. In this way, the
farmer can take care of his field without manually being there. The author also shows the schematic
protocol of wireless networks in the aeroponic system which is mentioned as Figure 8 below. It
contains the data acquisition section which collects the real time information from the sensors and is
send to the control and monitoring center which contains some primary functions like arduino which
manages the gathered data and is sent to the web application. This is the basic protocol that every
researcher follows when dealing with smart agriculture using wireless sensor techniques.
Figure 8: Schematic protocol of wireless network in the aeroponic system [2]
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Conclusion:
The procedures used in the aeroponic system necessitate a small amount of manual labor during plant
growth from seedling to harvest time. At this time, it also requires a good knowledge on the plants
and expertise to maintain and control the growth of the plant. The use of advanced monitoring
technology tools in aeroponics might allow farmers to monitor and regulate multiple parameters
without the use of laboratory apparatus, and they could control the entire system remotely. However,
this paper allows the other plant researchers to have a basic knowledge on how the parameters like
temperature, humidity, pH etc., affect the growth of the plant.
3.6 IoT and agriculture data analysis for smart farm [3]
Author: Jirapond M, Nathaphon B, Siriwan K, Narongsak L, Apirat W, Pichetwut Nillaor
In this paper, the author proposes developing a system for watering plants automatically using
wireless sensor networks. His main aim is to drive agriculture through digital innovation. The
developed system is performed and trailed in Makhamtia District, Suratthani Province, Thailand. The
developed system contains three components: hardware, web application and mobile application. The
author has conducted his work in three different villages which are distant from each other and also
have some differences in farming. The parameters temperature, humidity and soil moisture are
collected from the crops using sensors. Data mining is also applied on the large data that is collected
from the sensors to make some future predictions. The crop watering is controlled by the mobile
application from the phone. It also gives the option for the user to automatically control or manually
control.
Research methods/ techniques applied:
As mentioned earlier, the system is designed with hardware, web application and mobile application.
An overview of the proposed system is shown below as Figure 9. The hardware component consist of
a soil moisture sensors, solenoid valve, DHT22 sensor, and an ultrasonic sensor which are connected
to the control box which can be located anywhere in the farm and should be covered by a
waterproof box. The soil moisture sensor is used to measure the humidity of the soil and helps to
control the water sprinklers, where the solenoid valve is used for on/off control of sprinklers. And the
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ultrasonic sensor is used for leveling the water in the farm. And the second component, a web
application gets information from NodeMCU through the internet.
Figure 9 : An overview of the system [3]
The web-based programme was created to manage agricultural plots and crop watering, as well as to
determine what is appropriate watering. The mobile application is implemented for the farmer to
control the watering of crops which has 2 modes, automatic and manual which is decided by the user.
If the defined sensor value is reached when the automated option is enabled, the water sprinklers will
be turned on and off automatically using IoT devices. The case diagram of mobile application and
web application for the farmer is shown in below figure 10.
Figure 10: Use case diagram for mobile and web application [3]
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The data extraction is done on the data collected from the crops from IoTs. First, the data is cleaned
by removing the unwanted information from it. Some methods are applied to the encoded data and
the meaningful insights or patterns are drawn from them which can be used for future predictions.
Results and Conclusion:
The LINE Application can notify you of the status of on-off switching and time stamps. Furthermore,
an administrator can alter the data from each installation and regulate the data collected from the
IoTs. The administrator can also mine the data for information. This information is used to optimize
farming operations by season. The results showed the relation between the cultivation and
temperature and also showed a great increase in the productivity which means the farmer can do
other work in the meantime. Thus the agriculture sector is also driving digital innovation with the
help of IoTs.
3.7 Internet of Things based Expert System for Smart Agriculture [4]
Authors: Raheela Shahzadi, Muhammad Tausif, Javed Ferzund, Muhammad Asif Suryani
In this paper, the author proposed an expert system (ES) with the help of IoT by collecting real time
data to assist in taking preventive measures to reduce the losses occurred due to plant diseases and
insects. Basically, the Expert system is a computer program which points out the problems and gives
the solutions as well as agricultural experts. It helps the farmers to take care of their crops. The expert
system proposed is mainly developed using IoT for cotton crop. Sensors in the farm will send the
information to the expert system, then it identifies the problems and suggests the farmers with
solutions. The expert system guides about the climate warnings and proper irrigation. It also suggests
the amount of usage of fertilizers and pesticides.
Research methods/ techniques applied:
Firstly, the sensors have to be placed in the field to send the information about them to the expert
system. For this a waspmote agriculture sensor board is used which consists of AT mega 1281
microprocessor and 2GB micro SD–card. This sensor board is compatible for agricultural activities
and it has 4 types of sensors i.e., temperature, humidity, soil and leaf wetness sensors. An IoT based
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expert system is shown below Figure 11. The communication module XBee-802.15.4 on waspmote
agricultural board is used to communicate with microcontrollers at the rate of 38400 bps. The
gateway between sensor nodes and server helps to communicate wirelessly with the sensor and
through a USB port with a computer. Here, the expert system is deployed into the server. It gets
information from the USB port which gets the data from sensors passed to USB through the gateway.
Figure 11: An IoT based expert system [4]
The expert system has a user interface, memory, knowledge base, explanation etc. The expert system
has to be trained on the data about the pesticides, diseases, weeds and insects which attack the cotton
crop. The author has collected all this data by interviewing with other agricultural experts. The list is
given to the expert system, for example a table regarding insects symptoms and insect
recommendations is shown below. The expert system suggests the farmer based on the if-else logic.
A mobile application is developed for farmers so that the recommendation is sent directly to farmers
mobile. The farmer can also convert into his language for compatibility.
Table 1: Weeds and Pesticides recommendation [4]
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Results:
The experiment was conducted in the fields of Sahiwal in the year 2015. The expert system is able to
predict and diagnose diseases, suggest pesticides for weeds and pests, and can schedule irrigation.
The author also tries to compare the expert system in different years. Symbols of diseases are given
manually in the previous expert system and the IoT concept is also not used then. The relation
between temperature and humidity are plotted using the data sent from the sensor. From the
temperature and humidity sensor data, we can conclude that they both are inversely proportional.
Below is the plot that shows the relation between them.
Figure 12: Comparison of Temperature Sensor and Humidity Sensors Data [4]
Conclusion:
The proposed export system is not costly as one may think because the farmers spend more on
electricity, fertilizers and pesticides as well. But the expert system gives more benefits to farmers and
can be used efficiently if invested at once on sensors. The sensors give 24/7 support to the farmers
and water will also not be wasted using this expert system. A survey is conducted on 100 farmers
using this system, and 65 members are satisfied with this.
3.8 Monitoring Citrus Soil Moisture and Nutrients Using an IoT Based System [5]
Authors: Xueyan Zhang, Jianwu Zhang, Lin Li, Yuzhu Zhang and Guocai Yang
17
In this paper, the author has proposed research on how Internet of things (IoT) is implemented in
agricultural practices for monitoring citrus soil moisture and nutrients and its fertilization and
irrigation decision support system using Zigbee technology and artificial intelligence. In this paper a
single-point multi-layer detection method is used for more accurate detection. Through this the more
accurate citrus growth environment conditions are obtained. And the intelligent support system is
based on the Zigbee technology.
Research methods/ techniques applied:
IoT technology is implemented on to the real time monitoring system of citrus soil and nutrients. This
system is divided into 4 layers: Firstly, the Perception layer which acquires data from the sensors that
are placed in different depths of the soil (i.e., single-point multi-layer detection method). Next is the
Network transmission layer where Gateway plays a major role in establishing connection between the
wireless sensor network (WSN) and public network through the internet for both long-distance and
short-distance transmissions. The third layer is Information services layer which consists of a
database about all the domain knowledge, sensor monitoring, samples etc. Next is the Application
layer where software runs gives recommendations for citrus based on the sensor data. The overall
architecture system design is shown below as figure 13.
Figure 13: Overall system architecture design [5]
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The sensors used in this system have high precision, fast response and great stability. The sensors
used are HA2002 as soil temperature sensor, HA2001 as soil moisture sensor and FM-KWS as
humidity sensor. Zigbee technology is used to transfer data from wireless sensor networks to JN5139
Control node. A matching LCD touch panel on the field control unit displays dynamic changes in soil
temperature and humidity, as well as air temperature and humidity in collecting sites, in real time.
The main control node structure is shown in the figure 14 below.
Figure 14: Spot main control node structure [5]
Results and Conclusion:
Data from the citrus soil temperature, humidity, and air temperature sensors will be sent to the
background. To acquire the desired data format, they must be compared to the standard sample
database and adjusted using the data tolerance and data rectification model. Based on this data, the
decision making device gives suggestions regarding irrigation. The irrigation decision interface is
shown in figure 15 below.
Figure 15 : Irrigation decision system interface [5]
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After testing it in an orchard, the system gave a suggestion that there is no need for irrigation and the
experts also gave the same advice. After one year the field gave 500kg more yield and reduced the
usage of water. The results show that there is a reduction in labor cost, increase in yield and also
reduction in pollution caused by fertilizers.
4.CONCLUSION
With this Project, the current problems related to farming are solved and practically implemented
solutions are provided. Gathering important information leading to improvement in the quality of the
crop. Using IoT as well as GSM, a whole new concept of farming using networks is introduced,
reducing labor, updating farmers about the live conditions of farms on mobile devices. Future work
would be focussed more on increasing sensors on the system to fetch more data especially with
regard to pest control. The idea of using IoT for irrigation can be extended further to other activities
in farming such as fire detection.
5. SUMMARY
Since IoT farming applications are making it workable for farmers to gather important information
leading to improvement in the quality of their crop. Many land owners must comprehend the
capability of Iot usage for farming by introducing smart innovation to increase output. The need for
increasing population can be fulfilled if the user can use IoT technology in a successful manner. In
this report, the answer for analyzing smart agriculture has been exhibited. This system can go about
as an early alert structure for best in class risk, a watching system continually giving a record of the
farms. It ensures that using IoT can not only improve adequate specialized learning programming
skill and equipment segment but also renders its practical usage for society. These scenarios are
prolonged by an overview of officially existing head ways including framework traditions, open
source software and pitiful hardware portions which are used for the execution purposes through an
establishment. Consider the business prediction of such a system, a method which uses the
arrangement of the activity gives structure to prescribe motivating forces.
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[3] Jirapond M, Nathaphon B, Siriwan K, Narongsak L, Apirat W, Pichetwut N, IoT and agriculture
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