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CCNA 200-301 Chapter 01-Introduction To TCP IP Networking

The document introduces the TCP/IP networking model, highlighting its historical progression from proprietary models to open standards. It outlines the layers of the TCP/IP architecture, including example protocols for each layer, and compares it with the OSI model. Additionally, it explains data encapsulation and the interaction between network devices during data transmission.

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55 views60 pages

CCNA 200-301 Chapter 01-Introduction To TCP IP Networking

The document introduces the TCP/IP networking model, highlighting its historical progression from proprietary models to open standards. It outlines the layers of the TCP/IP architecture, including example protocols for each layer, and compares it with the OSI model. Additionally, it explains data encapsulation and the interaction between network devices during data transmission.

Uploaded by

x2dhsnfrrj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as KEY, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CCNA 200-301, Volume I

Chapter 1
Introduction to TCP/IP
Networking
All the tracks now begin with the content in the one
remaining CCNA certification.
For CCNP, you now have a choice of five technology
areas for your next steps,
Objectives
Perspective on Networking
TCP/IP Networking Model
Data Encapsulation Terminology
Two Major Branches of Networking
Enterprise Network

your view of networking might be based on how you use the Internet, from
home, using a high-speed Internet connection like digital subscriber line
(DSL) or cable TV,
TCP/IP Networking Model

Historical Progression: Proprietary


Models to Open TCP/IP
Networking protocols didn’t exist, including TCP/IP. Vendors created the
first networking protocols; these protocols supported only that vendor’s
computers.
The Two TCP/IP Networking Models

To help people
understand
a networking model, each
model breaks the
functions
into a small number of
categories called layers.
Each layer includes
protocols
and standards that relate
to
that category of functions
TCP/IP Architectural Model and
Example Protocols
TCP/IP Architecture Layer Example Protocols

Application HTTP, POP 3, SMTP

Transport TCP,UDP

Internet IP, ICMP

Data Link & Physical Ethernet, 802.11 (Wi-Fi) TCP/IP


Practical TCPIP Model Part with Packet tracer

Basic Application Logic to Get a Web


Page
HTTP (continued)

HTTP Get Request, HTTP Reply, and


one Data-Only Message
TCP/IP Transport Layer

TCP Error-Recovery Services as


Provided to HTTP
On server, enable HTTP
On PC, go to Desktop and press HTTP
Same-Layer and Adjacent-Layer
Interaction
Postal Service Forwarding (Routing)
Letters
Simple TCP/IP Network To understand the basics,
instead of ignoring the network between these two computers, part of the network
infrastructure is included .
Basic Routing Example
The first two occur on Larry, and the last two occur on Router
R1, as follows:
Step 1. Larry encapsulates the IP packet between an Ethernet header
and Ethernet
trailer, creating an Ethernet frame.
Step 2. Larry physically transmits the bits of this Ethernet frame, using
electricity
flowing over the Ethernet cabling.
Step 3. Router R1 physically receives the electrical signal over a cable
and re-creates the
same bits by interpreting the meaning of the electrical signals.
Step 4. Router R1 de-encapsulates the IP packet from the Ethernet
frame by removing and discarding the Ethernet header and trailer.
By the end of this process, Larry and R1 have worked together to
deliver the packet from Larry to Router R1.
Ethernet

Larry Using Ethernet to Forward an IP Packet to


Router R1
Five Steps of Data Encapsulation:
TCP/IP
The letters LH and LT stand for link header and link trailer, respectively, and refer to the data link layer header and trailer.

Perspective on Encapsulation and


“Data”

The letters LH and LT stand for link header


and link trailer, respectively, and refer to the
data link layer header and trailer.
OSI Networking Model

OSI Model Compared to the Two TCP/IP Models


OSI Reference Model Layer
Definitions
Layer Functional Description
7 All Application layer. This layer provides an interface between the
communications software and any applications that need to
communicate outside the computer on which the application resides. It
also defines processes for user authentication.
6 Presentation layer. This layer’s main purpose is to define and negotiate
People data formats, such as ASCII text, EBCDIC text, binary, BCD, and JPEG.
Encryption is also defined by OSI as a presentation layer service
5 Session layer. This layer defines how to start, control, and end
Seem conversations (called sessions). This includes the control and
management of multiple bidirectional messages so that the application
can be notified if only some of a series of messages are completed. This
allows the presentation layer to have a seamless view of an incoming
stream of data.
4 To Transport layer. This layer’s protocols provide a large number of
services, as described in Chapter 5, “Fundamentals of TCP/IP Transport
and Applications.” Although OSI Layers 5 through 7 focus on issues
related to the application, Layer 4 focuses on issues related to data
OSI Reference Model Layer
Definitions
Layer
(Continued
Functional Description
3 Need Network layer. This layer defines three main features: logical
addressing, routing (forwarding), and path determination.
Routing defines how devices (typically routers) forward packets
to their final destination. Logical addressing defines how each
device can have an address that can be used by the routing
process. Path determination refers to the work done by routing
protocols to learn all possible routes, and choose the best route.
2 Data Data link layer. This layer defines the rules that determine when
a device can send data over a particular medium. Data link
protocols also define the format of a header and trailer that
allows devices attached to the medium to successfully send and
receive data
1 Physical layer. This layer typically refers to standards from other
Processin organizations. These standards deal with the physical
g characteristics of the transmission medium, including
connectors, pins, use of pins, electrical currents, encoding, light
OSI Reference Model Example
Devices and Protocols
Layer Name Protocols and Devices
Specifications
Application, Telnet, HTTP, FTP, Hosts, firewalls
presentation, session SMTP, POP3, VoIP,
(Layers 5–7) SNMP
Transport (Layer 4) TCP, UDP Hosts, firewalls

Network (Layer 3) IP Router

Data link (Layer 2) Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), LAN switch, wireless


HDLC access point, cable
modem, DSL modem
Physical (Layer 1) RJ-45, Ethernet (IEEE LAN hub, LAN repeater,
802.3) cables
OSI Encapsulation and Protocol Data
Units
Practical TCPIP Model Part 2 HTTP captures
13. OSI and TCPIP Models Who cares Rants
15. Practical TCPIP Model Part 1 Bits, Frames,Packets,
Segments and more

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