Types of Serial Communication
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CHIMBORAZO
POLYTECHNIC SCHOOLFACULTY OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ELECTRONICSSCHOOL
OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING IN CONTROL AND NETWORKS
Types of serial communication in microcontrollers
Cristian Javier Escobar Quinzo, 397
INTRODUCTION
The exchange of information is an aspect that is becoming more important every day
between electronic devices, since, among other things, it allows the creation of very useful
applications with great features. There are various ways in which communication can be
classified, based on different aspects, such as speed, types of media, etc.
From an electronic point of view, the exchange of information between devices can be
classified into two different types: parallel communication, which carries all the bits of a
byte or word at the same time. This results in a high-speed transfer of information, and
serial communications, in which the information is transmitted bit by bit over a single
communication line. This technique is much slower than parallel links, but has the great
advantage that only two means of communication are needed, one to send information and
another to receive information.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Within serial communications and those directed to microcontrollers there are two types of
communications: synchronous and asynchronous. In synchronous serial communication,
two lines are needed, one line on which the data will be transmitted and another which will
contain the clock pulses that will indicate when the data is valid. In asynchronous serial
communication, clock pulses are not necessary, the duration of each bit is determined by
the speed at which data transfer is performed.
Within microcontrollers, this type of serial communication ports generally exist or are
present. The most common is UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) or
USART (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter). This depends on
whether or not they allow the synchronous communication mode.
The common purpose of this peripheral is communication with another microcontroller or
with a PC and in most cases external circuits must be added to complete the
communication interface. The most common way to complement is for communication with
a PC through the well-known RS-232 interface http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232which
defines the mechanical interface, pins, signals and protocols that serial communication
must comply with.
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Many times there is confusion about calling this port an RS-232 port, but this is not the
case since it can be interconnected with other devices using other communication
standards. The USART can be configured to operate in different modes: asynchronous
mode (full duplex (simultaneous transmission and reception)), synchronous-master mode
(hall duplex), synchronous-slave mode (hall duplex).
Synchronous communication is characterized because synchronization pulses must be
transmitted along the communication line between the transmitter and the receiver. We are
going to describe the most commonly used protocols, the I2C or two-wire protocol, and the
SPI or three-wire protocol.
I2C
(Inter-Integrated Circuit) - It is a serial communication bus, the speed is 100kbits per
second in the standard model, although it also allows speeds of 3.4mbit/s. It is a bus widely
used to communicate microcontrollers and their peripherals in integrated systems and
more generally to communicate integrated circuits with each other that normally reside on
the same printed circuit.
The main characteristic of I2C is that it uses two lines to transmit information and one for
reference: SDA: data, SCL clock, GND: ground.
SPU (Serial Peripheral interface).- It is a communication standard, used mainly for the
transfer of information between integrated circuits in electronic equipment. The serial
peripheral interface bus is a standard for controlling almost any digital electronics that
accepts a clocked serial bit stream. It includes a clock line, incoming data, outgoing data,
and a chip selector pin that connects or disconnects the operation of the device with which
one wishes to communicate. In this way, this standard allows multiplexing of the clock
lines.
We also have the universal serial bus (USB).- Microcontrollers are what have allowed the
existence of this communication system. It is a system that works by polling (monitoring) a
set of intelligent peripherals by a master, which is normally a personal computer. Each
intelligent mode is inevitably governed by a microcontroller.
The ports on microcontrollers provide the relative functions that have to do with the input
that these devices receive and the output they provide. Through these, the microcontroller
is provided with a way to communicate.
REFERENCES:
[1] Eng. Eric Lopez Perez. “Serial Port Complete, Programming and Circuits for RS-232 and -
RS485”. “MICROCONTROLLER ENGINEERING”.
Retrieved from: http://www.i-micro.com/pdf/articulos/rs-232.pdf
[2] Nestor Daniel Vargas Ureña. (2011). “Ports and communication buses for
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“Microcontrollers”
. Retrieved from: https://es.scribd.com/doc/160831036/Puertos-y-buses-de-comunicacion-para-
Microcontrollers-docx
[4] Juan Carlos Herrera Lozada. (2010). “BASIC SERIAL COMMUNICATION UNIT IN A
MICROCONTROLLER”
Retrieved from: http://embebidos-cidetec.com.mx/profesores/jcrls/doctos/serial.pdf
[3] “Microcontroller”
Retrieved from http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcontrolador#Puertos_de_comunicaci.C3.B3n
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