Glossary Introduction to Data Processing
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ScribdTranslationsGlossary Introduction to Data Processing
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ScribdTranslationsGLORY INTRODUCTION TO DATA PROCESSING
Algorithm: Set of statements/instructions in native language, which express the logic of a program.
File: is a set of bits that are stored on a device. A file is identified by a name and the description
of the folder or directory that contains it.
Sequential file: It is the basic way of organizing a set of records, which form a file, using
a sequential organization. In a sequentially organized file, records are written
consecutively when the file is used as input.
Auto storage: is any device that is used to record computer data permanently or temporarily. A
disk drive, along with the discs it records, is a storage device. A computer is sometimes said to
have primary (or main) and secondary (or auxiliary) storage devices. When this distinction is made,
the primary storage device is the computer's random access memory (RAM), a storage device that
is permanent but whose contents are temporary. Secondary storage includes more permanent
storage devices, such as disk and tape drives.
User Field:
Computer: Machine or set of machines interconnected with each other that allow data
processing electronically with minimal human intervention.
Data: It is the elementary unit for the production of information. Data is the raw material of data
processing systems that support information systems. Data are symbols that describe
conditions, facts, situations, or values. Data is characterized by not containing any information.
A datum can mean a number, a letter, a punctuation mark or any symbol that represents a
quantity, a measurement, a word or a description.
Flowchart: The flowchart or activity diagram is the graphical representation of the algorithm
or process.
Hard Disk: (In English Hard Disk Drive, HDD) is a non-volatile data storage device that uses a
magnetic recording system to store digital data.
Input device: Devices that input data into the computer system: • Keyboard • Diskette, hard
disk, CD, DVD reader • Optical or magnetic character reader • Magnetic tape reader
Output device: Devices that extract information from the computer system for later use •
Printers • Diskette recorders, hard disk recorders, CD recorders, DVD recorders • Monitor •
Magnetic tape recorder
Explorer: This is the official file manager. It is a main component of the operating system that
allows you to manage your computer, create files and folders, launch applications, etc.
Hardware: These are all the devices and physical components that perform input and output
tasks. Hardware is also known as the hard or physical part of the computer. Most computers
are organized in the following way: Input devices (Keyboards, Card Readers, Optical Pens,
Barcode Readers, Scanners, Mouse, etc.) and output devices (Monitors, Printers, Plotters,
Speakers, etc.) and allow communication between the computer and the user.
Stylus: A computer inputhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computadora peripheral, in the form of a
light-sensitive wand, that can be used to point at objects displayed on a CRT television or
monitor, in a manner similar to a touch screen but with greater positional accuracy. This
peripheral is commonly used to replace a mouse or, less successfully, a digitizing tablet. It is
connected to an electrical cable and requires special software to operate. By touching the pen
to the monitor, the user can choose program commands (the equivalent of a mouse click)
either by pressing a button on the side of the stylus or by pressing the stylus against the
surface of the screen.
Programming Language: Language that attempts to be relatively close to human or natural
language and to link with computers that operate following the instructions of programs
written in machine language, which is a system of codes that the machine directly interprets
and carries out the requested actions.
Data manual:
Main memory: It is responsible for temporarily storing the programs and data necessary for a
given program to be executed. It is made up of a set of cells (words), each of which can store a
portion of information. The size of a word depends on the architecture of the computer, there
are 8, 16, 32 or 64 bit words. A bit is the minimum amount of information that can be stored in
a binary digit (0 or 1). A group of 8 bits is called a byte.
RAM: (RADOM ACCESS MEMORY), random access memory whose contents will remain present while the
computer remains on.
ROM: Read Only Memory. Memory chip that only permanently stores instructions and data from
manufacturers.
Monitor: is the main output device (interface), which displays
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datodata or informationhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informaci
%C3%B3n to the user.
Peripherals: These are devices (units) that are located around the Microprocessor (UCP),
connected to it and together with it make up the computing system. There are input
peripherals, output peripherals and storage peripherals.
Central processor: refers to the different types of information system articles
that are part of a microprocessor, which is part of a CPU or micro, which is
the brain of the computer and of all information processes from the simplest
to the most complex.
Data processing: It is defined as the technique that consists of collecting primary input data,
which are evaluated and sorted to obtain useful information, which will then be analyzed by the
end user, so that they can make decisions or take actions that they deem appropriate.
Mouse: It is a pointing device used to facilitate the handling of a graphical environment on a
computer.
Data collection:
Record:
Data systematization: basically consists of the integration and administration of alphanumeric
information through different computer applications, as well as all those actions derived
from the implementation of information capture or analysis systems through the Systems.
Software: It is an indispensable ingredient for the functioning of the computer. It is made up of a
series of instructions and data that allow the computer to take advantage of all its resources so
that it can solve a large number of problems. A computer itself is just a conglomerate of
electronic components; software gives life to the computer, making its components work in an
orderly manner. Software is a set of detailed instructions that control the operation of a
computer system.
Decision table: Also known as the truth table, it is a graphical
representation of a matrix of rows and columns separated into four
quadrants that indicate conditions and actions. Decision rules,
included in a decision table, establish the procedure to follow
when certain conditions exist. The decision table is used when
there are many combinations.
Keyboard: is an external instrument that is represented by a set of keys, which
are responsible for entering information into a computer or device by means
of characters (letters, numbers and symbols).
Arithmetic-logic unit: Performs all calculations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division)
and all logical operations (numeric or alphabetical comparisons) on the data.
Central processing unit: Responsible for performing calculations and transformations on data,
in addition to coordinating, controlling and/or carrying out all system operations. Each CPU is
made up of two main components, control unit and arithmetic logic unit.
Control unit: Controls the computer components to perform the necessary operations and
execute instructions.
