Scribd
Upload
10 views4 pages

Linux Instructions and Operators

The document provides a comprehensive overview of various operators used in Linux shell scripting, including comparison, file-related, string comparison, logical, and arithmetic operators. It includes tables detailing the operators, their meanings, and examples of usage. Additionally, an example script demonstrates the application of these operators in practical scenarios.

Uploaded by

aryankothambia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views4 pages

Linux Instructions and Operators

The document provides a comprehensive overview of various operators used in Linux shell scripting, including comparison, file-related, string comparison, logical, and arithmetic operators. It includes tables detailing the operators, their meanings, and examples of usage. Additionally, an example script demonstrates the application of these operators in practical scenarios.

Uploaded by

aryankothambia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Linux Instructions and Operators

Comparison Operators in Linux (Shell Scripting)


-----------------------------------------------
These are used with `if`, `while`, or `test` commands for evaluating
conditions.

| Operator | Meaning | Example |


|----------|--------------------------|------------------------------------|
| -eq | Equal to | if [ $a -eq $b ] (True if a == b) |
| -ne | Not equal to | if [ $a -ne $b ] (True if a != b) |
| -gt | Greater than | if [ $a -gt $b ] (True if a > b) |
| -lt | Less than | if [ $a -lt $b ] (True if a < b) |
| -ge | Greater than or equal to| if [ $a -ge $b ] (True if a >= b) |
| -le | Less than or equal to | if [ $a -le $b ] (True if a <= b) |

File-Related Operators
----------------------
These are used to test file properties.

| Operator | Description | Example |


|----------|-------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
| -e | File exists | if [ -e file.txt ] |
| -f | Regular file (not a directory) | if [ -f file.txt ] |
| -d | Directory exists | if [ -d /path/to/dir ] |
| -r | File is readable | if [ -r file.txt ] |
| -w | File is writable | if [ -w file.txt ] |
| -x | File is executable | if [ -x script.sh ] |
| -s | File is not empty | if [ -s file.txt ] |

String Comparison Operators


---------------------------
These are used for checking strings.

| Operator | Meaning | Example |


|----------|--------------------------|----------------------------------------|
|= | Strings are equal | if [ "$str1" = "$str2" ] |
| != | Strings are not equal | if [ "$str1" != "$str2" ] |
| -z | String is empty | if [ -z "$str1" ] (True if str1 empty) |
| -n | String is not empty | if [ -n "$str1" ] (True if str1 filled)|

Logical Operators
-----------------
These combine multiple conditions.

| Operator | Meaning | Example |


|----------|--------------------------|----------------------------------------|
| && | Logical AND | if [ $a -eq 5 ] && [ $b -lt 10 ] |
| || | Logical OR | if [ $a -eq 5 ] || [ $b -lt 10 ] |
|! | Logical NOT | if [ ! -f file.txt ] |

Arithmetic Operations
---------------------
Use the `expr` command or `$(( ))` for arithmetic.

| Operation | Description | Example |


|-----------|-------------------------|----------------------------------------|
|+ | Addition | sum=$((a + b)) |
|- | Subtraction | diff=$((a - b)) |
|* | Multiplication | product=$((a * b)) |
|/ | Division | quotient=$((a / b)) |
|% | Modulus (remainder) | mod=$((a % b)) |

Example Script Using These Operators


------------------------------------
#!/bin/bash

# Input two numbers


echo "Enter first number:"
read a
echo "Enter second number:"
read b

# Compare numbers
if [ $a -ge $b ]; then
echo "$a is greater than or equal to $b"
else
echo "$a is less than $b"
fi
# File operations
if [ -e sample.txt ]; then
echo "sample.txt exists"
else
echo "sample.txt does not exist"
fi

# String comparison
str1="Hello"
str2="World"

if [ "$str1" != "$str2" ]; then


echo "Strings are not equal"
else
echo "Strings are equal"
fi

You might also like