Q.compiler–(i)translates the entire source code into machine Q.

explain intelligent agent-An intelligent agent is an

code(binary)at once, creating an executable file.(ii)Errors are autonomous entity which act upon an environment using
identified and reported only after the entire code is sensors and actuators for achieving goals. An intelligent
compiled.(iii)Programs run faster after compilation, as they agent may learn from the environment to achieve their goals.
don't require the code to be translated each time they A thermostat is an example of an intelligent Agent.
execute. Interpreter–(i)translates and executes code line by Q.explain fuzy logic-The 'Fuzzy' word means the things that
line, rather than creating a separate executable file.(ii) Errors are not clear or are vague. Sometimes, we cannot decide in
are identified line by line as the code executes, making real life that the given problem or statement is either true or
debugging easier.(iii) programs run slower because false. At that time, this concept provides many values
translation happens every time the code is executed between the true and false and gives the flexibility to find the
. best solution to that problem.
Q.flowchart is a diagramatic representation of sequence of Q.A* (pronounced "A-star") is a powerful graph traversal and
logical steps of a program.flowcharts are simple geometric pathfinding algorithm widely used in artificial intelligence and
shapes to depict processes and arrows to show relationships computer science. It is mainly used to find the shortest path
and process/data flow. Flowchart symbols- some of the between two nodes in a graph, given the estimated cost of
standard symbols alonge with respective function that are getting from the current node to the destination node.
used for making flowchart are as follows:
•start/stop-used at the beginning and end of the algorithm to Q.The AO algorithm* (short for “And-Or Star”) is a powerful
show start and end of the program •process-indicates best-first search method used to solve problems that can be
processes like mathematical operations •input/output-used for represented as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). This makes it
denoting program inputs and outputs •decision-stands for more efficient for problems that involve AND-OR nodes. The
decision statement in a program, where answer is usually yes AND nodes represent tasks where all child nodes must
or no •arrow-shows relationship between different shapes •on besatisfied, while OR nodes offer multiple alternative paths
page connector-connects two or more parts of a flowchart, where only onechild node needs to be satisfied to achieve the
which are in the same page •off page connector- connects goal.
two parts of a flowchart which are spread over different page Q.forward chaining-(i)When based on available data a
decision is taken then the process is called as Forward
Q.explain list built in function with desc6and examples. chaining.(ii)Forward chaining is known as data-driven
-(1)cmp(list1,list2)-it compares the elements of both the technique because we reaches to the goal using the available
lists-thus method is not used in the python 3 and the above data.(iii)It is a bottom-up approach.(iv)it applies the
versions.(2)len(list)- it is used to calculate the length of the Breadth-First Strategy.(v)Its goal is to get the conclusion.
list- L1=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] Print(len(L1)) 8 Backward chaining-(i)Backward chaining starts from the goal
(3)max(list)-it returns the maximum element of the list- and works backward to determine what facts must be
L1=[12,33,26,48,72] print(max(L1)) 72 asserted so that the goal can be achieved.(ii)Backward
(4)min(list)-it returns the minimum element of the list- chaining is known as goal-driven technique because we start
L1=[12,34,26,48,72] Print(min(L1)) 12 from the goal and reaches the initial state in order to extract
(5)list(seq)-it convert any sequence to the list-str=”Johnson” the facts.(iii)It is a top-down approach.(iv)It applies the
s=list(str) Print(type(s)) <Class list> Depth-First Strategy.(V)Its goal is to get the possible facts or
Q.explain control statement with description. the required data.
-(1)break statement-this command terminates the loops
execution and transfers the program control to the statement Q.Artificial intelligence-Artificial Intelligence is composed of
next to the loop.(2) Continue statement-this command skips two words Artificial and Intelligence, where Artificial defines
the current iteration of the loop. The statement following the "man-made," and intelligence defines "thinking power", hence
continue statement are not executed once the python AI means "a man-made thinking power.” It is a branch of
interpreter reaches the continue statement.(3)Pass computer science by which we can create intelligent
statement-the pass statement is used when a statement is machines which can behave like a human, think like humans,
syntactically necessary, but no code is to be executed. and able to make decisions. Artificial Intelligence exists when
a machine can have human based skills such as learning,
Q.expalin python operators with example. reasoning, and solving problems.
-python provides a variety of operators,which are described Q.applications of AI-(i)AI in astronomy (ii)healthcare
as follows: (iii)gaming (iv)entertainment (V)finance (vi)social media
•Arithmetic operators •comparison operators •assignment (vii)agriculture (viii)education (ix)robotics ,and more.
operators •bitwise operators •logical operators •identify Q.advatages of AI-•high accuracy with less errors. •High
operators •membership operators (i) artithmetic operators are speed •high reliability •useful for risky areas •digital assistant
used to perform arithmetic operations between two operands. •enhanced security •Aid in research Disadvantage of AI-•high
Ex- +(addition), -(subtraction), *(multiplication), /(divide), cost •can't think out of the box •no feelings and emotions
%(reminder), //(floore division), **(exponent) are operators. (ii) •increase dependency on machines •no original creativity.
comparison operators are used to comparisinig the value of
the two operands and returns Boolean true or false Q.python applications-(i)web applications (ii)desktop GUI
accordingly. Ex- ==, !=, <=, >=, <, > (iii)the assignment applications (iii)console based applications (iv)software
operator are used to assign the value of the right expression development (v)scientific and numeric (vi)business
to the left operand. Ex- =, +=, -=, *=, **=, //= applications.
Q.explain indexing of list– the indexing is processed in the Q.python sets-Sets in Python are unordered collections of
same way as it happens with the strings. The elements of the unique elements. They are defined using curly braces {} or
list can be accessed by using the slice operator[]. The index the set() function and are useful for storing distinct items and
starts from 0 and goes to -1.the first element of the list is performing mathematical set operations like union,
stored at the 0yh index, the second element of the list is intersection, and difference.
stored at the 1st index, and so on. Ex-List[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]

😘🤪😘
list[0]=1 list[:]=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7] list[3:]=[5,6,7] list[1:6:2]=[2,4,6]
list[:-1]=[1,2,3,4,5,6] list[-4:-1]=[4,5,6] list[-6]=2