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Comp Python Lecture 03

This lecture covers data types and operators in Python, including strings, numeric types (integer, float, complex), type casting, and various operators (arithmetic, assignment, comparison). It explains the significance of operator precedence and provides examples of expressions and type conversion. The session concludes with practice questions to reinforce the concepts learned.

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15 views26 pages

Comp Python Lecture 03

This lecture covers data types and operators in Python, including strings, numeric types (integer, float, complex), type casting, and various operators (arithmetic, assignment, comparison). It explains the significance of operator precedence and provides examples of expressions and type conversion. The session concludes with practice questions to reinforce the concepts learned.

Uploaded by

emmanuelhoseakamata
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Computer

Programming (COMP-122)
Lecture 3: Data Types and Operators in Python

CSIT Department | MIT


Outline
+Python Data Types
+Type Casting
+Arithmetic Operators
+Assignment Operators
+Operator precedence
+Expressions
Python Data Types
+ In programming, data type is an important concept.
+ Variables can store data of different types, and different types can do different things.
+ Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these categories:
Strings
+A string is simply any grouping of characters you place within
single, double or triple quotes.
+Strings in python are surrounded by either single quotation
marks, or double quotation marks.
+'hello' is the same as "hello".
+You can display a string literal with the print() function.
+Example:
print("Hello")
OR
a = "Hello"
print(a)
String Concatenation
+The meaning of an operator may change based on the data
types of the values next to it.
o For example, + is the addition operator when it operates on two
integers or floating-point values.
o However, when + is used on two string values, it joins the strings as the
string concatenation operator.
o For example:
>>> 'Alice' + 'Bob'
'AliceBob'
String Replication
+The * operator is used for multiplication when it operates on
two integer or floating-point values.
o But when the * operator is used on one string value and one integer
value, it becomes the string replication operator.
o For example, enter a string multiplied by a number into the interactive
shell to see this in action.
>>> 'Alice' * 5
'AliceAliceAliceAliceAlice'
Numeric Type
+There are three numeric types in Python:
o integer
o float
o complex
Integer
+ int, or integer, is a whole number, positive or negative, without decimals, of unlimited
length.
+ Any whole number is an integer. For example, the value 1 is a whole number, so it’s an
integer. On the other hand, 1.0 isn’t a whole number; it has a decimal part to it, so it’s not
an integer. Integers are represented by the int data type.
+ Example:
x = 1
y = 35656222554887711
z = -3255522

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))
Float
+ Float, or "floating point number" is a number, positive or negative, containing one or more
decimals.
+ Any number that includes a decimal portion is a floating-point value. For example, 1.0 has a
decimal part, so it’s a floating-point value.
+ Floating-point values have an advantage over integer values in that you can store immensely
large or incredibly small values in them.
+ Float can also be scientific numbers with an “e” or “E” to indicate the power of 10.
+ Example:
x = 1.10
y = 35e3
z = -35.59
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))
Complex Numbers
+A complex number consists of a real number and an imaginary number that
are paired together
+Complex numbers are written with a "j“ or “J” as the imaginary part:
x = 3+5j
y = 5J
z = -5j

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))
Type Conversion
+ You can convert from one type to another with the int(), float(), and complex() methods.
+ Example:
x = 1 # int
y = 2.8 # float
z = 1j # complex
#convert from int to float:
a = float(x)
#convert from float to int:
b = int(y)
#convert from int to complex:
c = complex(x)
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))
Type Casting
+There may be times when you want to specify a type on to a
variable.
+Casting in python is therefore done using constructor functions:
• int() - constructs an integer number from an integer literal, a float
literal (by removing all decimals), or a string literal (providing the
string represents a whole number)
• float() - constructs a float number from an integer literal, a float literal
or a string literal (providing the string represents a float or an integer)
• str() - constructs a string from a wide variety of data types, including
strings, integer literals and float literals
Examples of Type Casting
a = int(1) # a will be 1
b = int(2.8) # b will be 2
c = int("3") # c will be 3

p = float(1) # p will be 1.0


q = float(2.8) # q will be 2.8
r = float("3") # r will be 3.0
s = float("4.2") # s will be 4.2

x = str("s1") # x will be 's1'


y = str(2) # y will be '2'
z = str(3.0) # z will be '3.0'
Python Operators
+Operators are used to perform operations on variables and
values.
+Python divides the operators in the following groups:
o Arithmetic operators
o Assignment operators
o Comparison / Relational operators
o Logical operators
o Identity operators
o Membership operators
o Bitwise operators
Arithmetic Operators
+Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform
common mathematical operations.
+Refer to the next slide.
Arithmetic Operator Precedence
+When an expression contains more than one operator, the order
of evaluation depends on the order of operations.
+For mathematical operators, Python follows mathematical
convention. The acronym PEMDAS is a useful way to remember
the rules:
o Parentheses have the highest precedence and can be used to force an
expression to evaluate in the order you want.
o Exponentiation has the next highest precedence.
o Multiplication, Modulo and Division have higher precedence than
Addition and Subtraction.
o Operators with the same precedence are evaluated from left to right
(except exponentiation).
Assignment Operators
+Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:
Comparison Operators
+Comparison operators are used to compare two values:

Operator Name Example


== Equal x == y
!= Not equal x != y
> Greater than x>y
< Less than x<y
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y
<= Less than or equal to x <= y
Expressions in Python
+An expression is a combination of operators and operands that is
interpreted to produce some other value.
+An expression is a combination of values, variables, and
operators. A value all by itself is considered an expression, and
so is a variable.
+An expression is evaluated as per the precedence of its operators.
o So that if there is more than one operator in an expression, their
precedence decides which operation will be performed first.
o We have many different types of expressions in Python.
Constant Expressions
+These are the expressions that have constant values only.
# Constant Expressions
x = 15 + 1.3

print(x)
Arithmetic Expressions
+ An arithmetic expression is a combination of numeric values, operators, and sometimes
parenthesis.
o The result of this type of expression is also a numeric value.
o The operators used in these expressions are arithmetic operators like addition, subtraction, etc.
o Example:
# Arithmetic Expressions
x = 40
y = 12

add = x + y
sub = x - y
pro = x * y
div = x / y

print(add)
print(sub)
print(pro)
print(div)
Multiple Operators in Expression
+It’s a quite simple process to get the result of an expression if
there is only one operator in an expression.
+But if there is more than one operator in an expression, it may
give different results on basis of the order of operators executed.
+To sort out these confusions, the operator precedence is defined.
Operator Precedence simply defines the priority of operators
that which operator is to be executed first.
+ Here we see the operator precedence in Python, where the
operator higher in the list has more precedence or priority:
Practice Work
+What is the output of the following code in Python:
o print(2 + 3 * 4)
o x = 5; y = 6; print(x == y)
o print(3 / 2)
o x = 5; x += 3; print(x)
o x = 5; x *= 3; print(x)
o print(2 + 3 * 4 / 2 % 5)
o print(2 ** 3 ** 2)
+How would you convert the result of 2 / 3 in Python 3 to an integer?
+How would you perform floor division in Python? Provide an example?
End.

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