Scribd
Upload
16 views16 pages

Basic OSPF

The document provides an overview of OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), a dynamic routing protocol used in networking. It covers OSPF fundamentals, including its advantages, router ID selection, DR/BDR roles, timers, and various OSPF area types. Additionally, it discusses OSPF neighborship requirements, virtual links, and authentication methods.

Uploaded by

Sadik Chowdhury
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views16 pages

Basic OSPF

The document provides an overview of OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), a dynamic routing protocol used in networking. It covers OSPF fundamentals, including its advantages, router ID selection, DR/BDR roles, timers, and various OSPF area types. Additionally, it discusses OSPF neighborship requirements, virtual links, and authentication methods.

Uploaded by

Sadik Chowdhury
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Basic Routing of OSPF

Presented By
Rafiqul Islam, Sr. Engineer
Ripon Biswas, Engineer
Broadband Service Delivery & Operation
Fiber@Home Ltd.
1
Introduction to OSPF

• OSPF stands for Open Shortest Path First


• OSPF is an open standard dynamic routing
protocol
OSPF • Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)
Fundamentals • Network layer protocol
• Port number 89
• AD value 110
• OSPF is a pure Link-State Routing Protocol
• OSPF uses Dijkstra algorithm to find the best
path

2
OSPF Fundamentals

● If any change in the


● SPF calculates the topology, every router
● Changes in topology
SPF Algorithm best paths based on wants to find the best
require SPF execution.
LSDB. path to reach the
subnet and runs SFP

3
OSPF Fundamentals

OSPF supports/advantages

 Both IPv4 and IPv6 routed protocols

 VLSM

 Unlimited hop counts

 Fast convergence

 A loop-free protocol

 Open standard protocol

 Authentication

 External route

4
OSPF Router-ID
OSPF Router-ID

 32-bit dotted decimal value


 Each OSPF process uses separate Router-ID

Selection:

> Manually Configured > Highest Numeric IP of Loopback > Highest Numeric IP of any interface

5
OSPF DR/BDR

OSPF DR/BDR

● Used to reduce the flooding of databases


● Reduce the number of adjacencies on the multi-access segment.
● All DRother will remain in 2-way state with each other.

1. Higher priority router will be elected as DR


2. Higher router ID router will be elected as DR

The router with the second highest priority or router ID becomes the BDR.

6
OSPF Timers

OSPF Timers

(a) Hello timer - The interval in which the OSPF router sends a hello message on
an interface. It is 10 seconds by default.

- The interval in which the neighbor will be declared dead if it is


not able to send the hello packet. It is 40 seconds by default. It is
(b) Dead timer
usually 4 times the hello interval but can be configured manually
according to need.

7
OSPF Table

- Directly Connected OSPF Routers


(a) Neighbor Table (Adjacency Database) - State of Adjacency

- Everything OSPF Knows about


(b) Topology Table (Link-State Database) - Link state Database (LSDB)
- Each entry in LSDB is known as LSA

- Router’s Routing Table


(c) Routing Table (Forwarding Database) - OSPF will contribute its best route to Routing Table
8
TOPOLOGY AT A GLANCE

9
NEIGHBOURSHIP& DATABASE CHECK

10
OSPF Router

IR - All interfaces belong to the same OSPF area

BR - At least one interface in the OSPF Area 0

- Connects one or more OSPF areas to the Area 0


ABR - Maintain an LSDB for each Area
- Summarizes LSAs between Areas

- Connects an OSPF network to an external network


ASBR - Redistributing foreign routes into OSPF

11
OSPF Area

OSPF Area Type

(a) Standard Area

(b) Backbone Area (Area 0)

(c) Stub Area

(d) Totally Stubby Area

(e) Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA)

(f) Totally NSSA

12
OSPF Neighborship

Neighborship Requirement

(a) Router ID should be unique

(b) Area ID should be the same

(c) Subnet mask must match

(d) Hello and dead timer must match

(e) Authentication must be the same

(f) Stub flag should be same

13
OSPF Virtual-Link
OSPF Virtual-Link

● Virtual link has a solution to extend the reach of the backbone


● Connect logically to the backbone
● Virtual links are not allowed in STUB Area and NSSA Area
● The routers at each end become part of the backbone and both act as ABRs.

Virtual links are used for two purposes:


● An extension to the backbone
● Repair a discontinuous to Area 0

14
OSPF Authentication

OSPF Authentication

Authentication Type
● 0 (No authentication)
● 1 (Simple password authentication)
● 2 (Cryptographic authentication)

Authentication Method OSPF support two authentication methods


● Plane text
● MD5

15
Thank You
All

You might also like